基于流体力学的脉冲电解加工间隙在线检测的理论研究

为实现加工间隙的在线检测,建立间隙流场中流体运动的计算模型,分析作用在阴极面上的压力矢量分布, 并构建坐标系进行六维力分解,通过调整加工间隙及进口流速,建立阴极上的六维力与加工间隙之间的关系方程 式,用此关系式来实时检测加工间隙。     

基于六维力电解加工间隙在线检测试验研究

为了实时检测加工间隙,把流体作用在阴极上的六维力作为研究参数:设计通电解液不通电、通电加工两大类工况,从定性和定量两个角度分析六维力与加工间隙之间的关系;并以平面、斜面、叶片型面三种阴极进行试验加工,用最小二乘多变元线性拟合法,分别建立平面、斜面阴极加工的六维力与加工间隙之间的关系方程式,用叶片型面加工数据对建立的关系方程式进行检验与修正,得到最终的修正关系式:分析关系式各参量之间的关系,并得到结论:在15％的误差范围内,关系式可以用于在线检测加工间隙。     

基于计算流体动力学软件的型腔电解流场仿真

针对型腔电解加工中阴极流场设计分析的难点,应用计算流体动力学软件对型腔电解加工的流场进行仿真,得到加工间隙中流场的速度和压力分布,用以指导阴极的流场改进设计。经工艺试验验证,仿真结果较准确反映了型腔电解加工过程中的流场压力和速度分布,从而可以显著减少阴极流场设计中试验修正的次数,实现高效、低成本设计工具阴极流场之目的。     

基于计算流体动力学软件的型腔电解流场仿真

针对型腔电解加工中阴极流场设计分析的难点,应用计算流体动力学软件对型腔电解加工的流场进行仿真,得到加工间隙中流场的速度和压力分布,用以指导阴极的流场改进设计。经工艺试验验证,仿真结果较准确反映了型腔电解加工过程中的流场压力和速度分布,从而可以显著减少阴极流场设计中试验修正的次数,实现高效、低成本设计工具阴极流场之目的。

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电火花加工间隙流场的研究及仿真

从流场理论出发,采用固液两相流理论建立了间隙流场体运动数学模型,对间隙流场中的运动和浓度分布进行了实时仿真,通过流体运动和电火花加工实验,证明建立的数学模型和计算方法是正确的,提出了电火化加工间隙流场研究的新方法。     

数控展成电解加工的流场分析与间隙特性

分析内喷式阴极展成电解加工的流场特点，讨论阴极腔内电解液的压力分布和出口处速度的大小。在此基础上，对展成电解加工间隙特性进行了试验研究，所得结果为该项技术的实际应用提供了依据。     

数控电解机械复合切割加工间隙研究

根据电解加工平衡间隙理论,建立了数控电解机械复合切割加工的物理和数学模型;基于FLUENT软件分析得到数控电解机械复合切割加工的间隙内流场分布规律,根据间隙内流场分布规律优化设计阴极,改善了流场分布。并以某一型号阴极为例进行试验研究,得到电压、主轴转速和电解液温度等加工参数与加工间隙的影响规律,求得对应条件下最快平衡进给速度,为实际加工提供依据。     

基于电流信号的电解加工间隙在线检测试验研究

为了实时检测加工间隙,以某型航空发动机涡轮转子叶片为研究对象,把电解加工的电流作为研究参数,针对平面、斜面和叶片型面三种阴极进行试验加工,用最小二乘多变元线性拟合法,分别建立平面、斜面阴极加工电流与加工间隙之间的关系式,用叶片型面加工数据对建立的关系式进行检验和修正,得到最终的修正关系式,分析关系式参数的变换关系,得出在±15%的误差范围内关系式可用于在线检测加工间隙的结论。     

圆形出液口悬浮阴极平面电化学加工间隙建模及实验研究

提出利用极间电解液液膜支撑阴极悬浮形成加工间隙,通过调节流量和电流实现极间间隙的调节和控制的新方法。以圆形出液口悬浮阴极平面电化学加工为例,基于流体力学和电极过程动力学理论建立加工间隙的数学模型,得到间隙与流量、压差及电流之间的关系。利用Fluent软件对间隙模型流场特性进行分析,得到间隙中电解液的压力场和速度场的分布情况,进而得到进出口压差和出口流速;实验获得不同流量、电流条件下的加工间隙。理论模型计算结果和实验数据结果相近,变化规律基本一致。     

基于COMSOL的电解加工炮管膛线加工间隙的研究

为了缩短阴极研制周期,按照无源导电媒质中的电场建立间隙电场的数学模型,按照气液两相流建立流场的数学模型,根据膛线电解加工工艺参数设置边界条件,采用COMSOL Multiphysics3.4多物理场耦合软件对加工间隙进行数值模拟,结合工艺试验的数据,分析加工间隙电场分布对实际加工精度的影响。结果表明,当阴极工作齿向内收一定角度,有利于减小膛线槽壁倾角和槽底圆角,计算机模拟与工艺试验结果一致。     

Research on the cathode design and experiments of electrochemical machining a closed impeller internal flow channel

In order to improve the electrochemical machining (ECM) precision and efficiency of a closed impeller internal flow channel, the internal flow channel cathode shape and structure were optimized by gap flow field simulation. Firstly, the theoretical model and three-dimensional gap flow field simulation geometric model were set up. Next, the inter-electrode gap flow field simulation results were draw from the streamline, velocity, and pressure cloud picture. Secondly, the cathode and the frock clamp were designed according to the simulation results. Finally, the verification experiment was carried out to evaluate the cathode structure and the ECM process parameters, and the experimental results were consistent with the simulation results. The whole process is stable and no short-circuit phenomenon with the forward flow field machining pattern. The results show that the method of gap flow field simulation-assisted ECM cathode design is useful and economical for machining closed impeller internal flow channel.     

AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL AND POWER SPECTRUM CHARATERISTICS OF CURRENT SIGNAL IN HIGH FREQUENCY GROUP PULSE MICROELECTROCHEMICAL MACHINING

The identification of the inter-electrode gap size in the high frequency group pulse micro-electrochemical machining (HGPECM) is mainly discussed. The auto-regressive(AR) model of group pulse current flowing across the cathode and the anode are created under different situations with different processing parameters and inter-electrode gap size. The AR model based on the current signals indicates that the order of the AR model is obviously different relating to the different processing conditions and the inter-electrode gap size; Moreover, it is different about the stability of the dynamic system, i.e. the white noise response of the Green's function of the dynamic system is diverse. In addition, power spectrum method is used in the analysis of the dynamic time series about the current signals with different inter-electrode gap size, the results show that there exists a strongest power spectrum peak, characteristic power spectrum(CPS), to the current signals related to the different inter-electrode gap size in the range of 0-5 kHz. Therefore, the CPS of current signals can implement the identification of the inter-electrode gap.     

Experimental and numerical analyses of the pressure distribution in electrochemical machining

Measurements have been made of the pressure distribution of the electrolyte solution flowing along the inter-electrode gap during electrochemical machining. A theoretical model for the pressure distribution, which takes into account the growth of the hydrogen gas layer along the cathode electrode, is proposed. A method of solution of the model, based on optimisation techniques, is discussed.The experimental results and the theoretical model are correlated in terms of the variation of the interelectrode gap, thereby providing a prediction of the pressure distribution together with values for gas void fraction index, the slope of the gas bubble layer and the friction factor.A comparison of the measured and predicted pressure variation is presented. Numerical values for the above parameters are then discussed in the light of other observations of the process.     

Experimental investigation on monitoring interelectrode gap of ECM with six-axis force sensor

To realize on-line monitoring interelectrode gap, six-axis force sensor was embedded into main spindle of machine tool to measure force signals on cathode exerted by electrolyte. The force signals, three forces, and three moments in X, Y, Z directions, respectively, are considered as research parameters. On one hand, the forces exerted on the tool cathode by electrode are measured with six-axis force sensor as electrolyte flow system is activated and electrode is deactivated. On the other hand, the forces are tested when electrolyte flow system and electrode are both activated. Then, the relation between six force components and interelectrode gap are analyzed. Machining experiments using three types of tool, e.g., plane tool, slant tool, and blade tool, have been carried out to deduct experiential equations between six force components and gap according to least squares method. Furthermore, the experimental data with blade tool are put into experiential equation with slant tool to examine validity of measuring gap in ECM. The relation of parameters in equations is analyzed and a conclusion is drawn: in the range of 15% error, machining experiential equation with slant tool can be used to on-line measure the interelectrode gap in ECM.     

线性液动压抛光流场的剪切特性研究

以动压润滑理论为基础,推导了线性液动压抛光的流场剪切力数学模型。借助FLUENT软件研究了流场底面的剪切力分布,通过单因素控制变量试验探究了各参数对剪切力的影响规律,灵敏度从高到低依次为：抛光间隙、抛光液黏度、抛光辊子转速、抛光辊子半径。以正交试验结果为训练集,建立了基于支持向量回归（SVR）的剪切特性预测模型,相关系数为98.35%、均方误差为3.44×10-3。最后计算了剪切力理论值。对比发现,数值模拟和理论计算误差在15%以内;不同参数组合下剪切力分布趋势相同;SVR预测模型可信度高。     

窄细槽分段速进给电解加工方法研究

针对小间隙电解加工过程中极间间隙不稳定导致加工效率低下甚至发生短路等问题,以窄细槽电解加工过程为研究对象,提出自适应于工件蚀除速度的电极进给分段速加工方法。建立极间电流与加工深度之间的理论关系模型,采用单因素实验法对理论模型进行修正,使其反映实际加工过程。依据电解过程中深度与电流的变化规律,建立电极进给速度实时修正方程,实现电解过程不同进给速度段的划分。采用速度线性矢量混合算法,构建速度控制方程,实现各段速间的平稳过渡,保证电极进给速度变化时极间电流的稳定。实验结果表明,分段速进给控制方法能有效避免小间隙电解过程中由于进给速度与工件蚀除速度不匹配而导致的短路现象,有效保证窄细槽电解加工效率与轮廓精度。     

Investigation into the blade-formation process in electrochemical trepanning of diffusers

Abstract

Electrochemical trepanning process is an advanced manufacturing technology suitable for the machining of aero-engine components such as blades and diffusers. Tool-electrode (cathode) with special electrical isolation is adopted in the experimental investigations of this article using the electrochemical trepanning to produce a flow mode in which the electrolyte is supplied evenly to the blade being machined. The material removal model for these experiments is built based on the main technical principles of the ECM. For a better understanding of the electrochemical trepanning process during the machining of a blade, computer simulations were previously conducted aiming to observe the geometric shaping of the inter-electrode gap. The shaping process dynamic was analyzed and the distribution of electrical field intensity within the gap has been obtained under different feed rates of the tool-electrode relative to the blade. The profile of the cross-section of the blade was evaluated through the simulation, thus indicating that the blade’s taper angler decrease by increasing the feed rate. Also, practical experiments have been carried out, where the corresponding experimental results proved the simulation was effective. The best taper angle (0.70°) resulted from a machining condition in setting up a feed rate of 4?mm/min, whereas 3.72° was produced using 1?mm/min. Furthermore, a sector with multiple blades was electrochemically manufactured with the optimal set up of experimental parameters, being that the machining accuracy was about 0.12?mm. The application reflected that the method proposed in this article is appropriate and can be used for other complex structures in electrochemical trepanning.     

微尺度弧形群缝电解加工试验研究

精密电解加工是剃须刀网罩上微尺度阵列弧形群缝的首选加工工艺,为提高电解加工精度和加工过程稳定性,基于电场分析,优化了工具阴极凸起宽度、凸起高度关键尺寸的设计;基于对流场的数值分析,优化设计了电解液流道结构,优选了电解液进出口压力参数,消除了流道内可能存在的缺液区和流线交叉区域,并据此研制了专用工装夹具。通过工艺试验,研究了端面初始间隙、平均电压,进给速度等关键工艺参数对群缝缝宽的影响。在研制的数控电解加工设备上加工出了缝宽0.24 mm的弧形群缝,且群缝的曲线形状精度高,加工过程稳定,已能够满足批量生产的需要。