蜡球造孔法制备多孔HA陶瓷支架及其性能优化

组织工程支架的贯通性对其体内生物学表现具有重要影响。采用甲壳素溶胶体系和蜡球造孔剂制备多孔羟基磷灰石(HA)陶瓷支架, 考查在相同模压条件下, 不同浆料/造孔剂比例对多孔HA陶瓷支架的孔隙率、收缩率、贯通性、多孔结构以及抗压强度的影响。结果表明: 该方法可以制备具有高孔隙的多孔HA陶瓷支架, 随着造孔剂比例的增大, 支架的贯通性更好, 当浆料/造孔剂比例为1:1.2时可以得到孔隙率、贯通性、力学性能最优的多孔HA陶瓷支架。     

聚乳酸涂层改善网状羟基磷灰石陶瓷支架力学性能的研究

采用有机泡沫浸渍法制备出高孔隙率的三维网状羟基磷灰石(HA)生物陶瓷支架,并采用不同浓度的聚乳酸(PDLLA)溶液涂覆网状HA支架,以达到增强补韧网化陶瓷支架的目的.通过扫描电镜观察PDLLA涂覆网状HA陶瓷支架的显微结构和测试力学强度,研究了不同浓度PDLLA溶液涂覆对网状HA支架的涂层厚度、显微结构和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:涂覆一定量的PDLLA涂层可以显著提高网状HA生物陶瓷支架的抗压强度,同时保持网状陶瓷支架的贯通性和孔隙率.     

凝胶注模成型法制备多孔羟基磷灰石陶瓷

采用凝胶注模成型工艺制备了多孔羟基磷灰石陶瓷,并通过X射线分析了多孔陶瓷的相成分,采用扫描电镜观测了孔隙结构和形貌.结果表明,所制备的多孔羟基磷灰石陶瓷的孔隙率均大于80%;孔隙尺寸主要分布在350～600μm,孔壁上存在孔径为60～190μm的贯通孔;X射线衍射证明烧结过程未引入异质成分.所制备的多孔羟基磷灰石陶瓷具有适宜的孔隙直径和孔隙率,且孔隙间具有良好的贯通性.     

有机泡沫法制备多孔羟基磷灰石生物支架

采用有机泡沫法制备了多孔羟基磷灰石(HA)支架,考察了水解预处理工艺、粘结剂聚乙烯醇(PVA)和固相HA的含量对孔隙率的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了支架的孔结构.研究结果表明,采用有机泡沫法可获得孔径均匀的多孔HA支架;有机泡沫(海绵)模板经过水解处理后,其挂浆量增加;支架的孔隙率随PVA含量的增加而增大;浆料中固相HA含量在70%左右为宜,此时材料的孔隙率最大.     

用冰模板法制备羟基磷灰石多孔陶瓷

使用水基羟基磷灰石(HA,Ca5(PO4)3OH)浆料,用冰模板法制备定向层状多孔HA陶瓷,研究了浆料中HA陶瓷颗粒含量和冷端温度的影响.结果表明:随着浆料中HA陶瓷颗粒含量的提高,浆料的粘度值增大,层状多孔结构的层厚度相应增加,孔道层间距减小甚至消失,多孔材料的抗压强度从1.4 MPa提高到5.7 MPa,孔隙率从7...     

多孔ZnO/羟基磷灰石生物复合材料的制备与性能

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备多孔ZnO/羟基磷灰石（HA）生物复合材料,研究不同纳米ZnO含量对ZnO/HA复合材料微观结构、孔隙特征、力学性能、矿化和降解性能的影响。结果表明:烧结后ZnO/HA复合材料主要由HA相和ZnO相组成;随着ZnO含量提高,多孔ZnO/HA复合材料孔隙率缓慢增大,抗压强度略有减小,弹性模量变化不大;多孔ZnO/HA复合材料的孔隙率>40%,孔径在50～500 μm之间,抗压强度>148 MPa,弹性模量为6.5 GPa左右,能够满足骨修复材料的要求;模拟人工体液中矿化和降解实验表明,多孔ZnO/HA复合材料浸泡7天后表面开始形成大量类骨磷灰石层,且随着ZnO含量增加,磷灰石形成能力明显增强而降解速率加快。      

注射成型羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺6多孔支架的微观结构和力学性能

采用注射成型法制备了羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺6(HA/PA6)多孔支架,用SEM、XRD、DSC等手段表征了支架的组成结构和形貌,检测了其力学性能.研究表明,调节羟基磷灰石(HA)含量、偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)用量和预塑量能有效控制支架的力学性能、孔径大小和孔隙率.HA/PA6支架的孔径在100～500μm左右,孔隙率达到甚至超...     

骨组织工程用多孔HA生物材料的制备

用PVB、NH4HCO3和(NH4)2CO3粒子作造孔剂,制备了骨组织工程用多孔HA生物材料.讨论了烧结工艺和造孔剂含量等对材料结构的影响.研究表明,较佳的烧结工艺为1200℃烧结4h,烧结后样品主要是HA相.造孔剂PVB、(NH4)2CO3、NH4HCO3含量分别为10vol%、15vol%和20vol%时,多孔HA陶瓷拥有大于100μm和5～50 μm的贯通孔,具有较好的孔连通性与孔结构,有利于细胞和组织的生长以及营养输送;其最大孔隙率为50.3%,抗压强度为6.33MPa.     

多孔硅酸钙生物陶瓷的制备及体外活性和降解性研究

以聚乙二醇为造孔剂,制备了多孔硅酸钙生物陶瓷.应用本文提供的方法,可制得孔连通性好、气孔率53.7%-73.6%、抗压强度4.9-48.5MPa、大孔孔径200-500μm的多孔陶瓷.研究表明,多孔硅酸钙生物陶瓷的力学强度随造孔剂含量的增加而明显降低,而气孔率则相反.应用模拟体液浸泡实验研究了多孔陶瓷的体外生物活性和降解性.研究表明,样品在模拟体液中浸泡1天表面就全部被碳酸代羟基磷灰石层覆盖住.气孔率为63.1%的样品7天的降解率达7.14%,具有良好的降解性.研究结果显示多孔硅酸钙生物陶瓷有望作为硬组织修复支架材料用.     

多孔 n2 HA/ PA26复合材料的制备及性能

采用注塑方法制备了多孔纳米磷灰石/聚酰胺26 (n2 HA/ PA26) 复合材料 , 采用 SEM、XRD、IR、 力学性能测试考察了多孔材料的性能。结果发现 : 多孔纳米磷灰石/聚酰胺26复合材料的孔隙分布均匀 , 贯通性良好 , 孔的尺寸约为 100～700μm , 平均孔径约 300～500μm , 大孔壁上有丰富的微孔 ; 所得多孔复合材料的孔隙率可控 , 总孔隙率最高可达 881 6 %; 多孔材料的总孔隙率降低 , 则开孔率随之降低 ; 多孔纳米磷灰石/聚酰胺26 复合材料的抗压强度为 1. 1～15. 6 MPa , 压缩模量为 0. 4～1. 4 GPa ; 在总孔隙率相近的条件下 , 多孔材料的抗压强度随 n2 HA质量分数增加而升高; 发泡剂和发泡过程对组成纳米磷灰石/聚酰胺26复合材料的两组元材料的性质和结构无影响。这种多孔材料可望作为人体非承重部位的植入骨修复体和组织工程支架使用。     

Ni3Al/HAP生物复合材料的制备及其生物相容性

为了制备N i3A l/HAP生物复合材料并评价其生物相容性,将N i3A l/HAP生物复合材料置入大白鼠臀部的肌肉中,在置入材料的第1、3、7 d等不同的时间段取出试样周围的组织进行组织学观察.结果显示,所有动物术后活动正常,进食好,毛色光亮;伤口Ⅰ期愈合,无切口感染,表皮无明显变化;光学显微镜下观察,肌肉组织细胞正常,早期为炎症反应,并逐渐减轻和消失.N i3A l/HAP生物复合材料有较好的生物相容性.     

Effects of hydroxyapatite/Zr and bioglass/Zr coatings on morphology and corrosion behaviour of Rex-734 alloy

To improve corrosion resistance of metallic implant surfaces, Rex-734 alloy was coated with two different bio-ceramics; single-Hydroxyapatite (HA), double-HA/Zirconia(Zr) and double-Bioglass (BG)/Zr by using sol–gel method. Porous surface morphologies at low crack density were obtained after coating and sintering processes. Corrosion characteristics of coatings were determined by Open circuit potential and Potentiodynamic polarization measurements during corrosion tests. Hardness and adhesion strength of coating layers were measured and their surface morphologies before and after corrosion were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), XRD and EDX. Through the SEM analysis, it was observed that corrosion caused degradation and sphere-like formations appeared with dimples on the coated surfaces. The coated substrates that exhibit high crack density, the corrosion was more effective by disturbing and transmitting through the coating layer, produced CrO₃ and Cr₃O₈ oxide formation. It was found that the addition of Zr provided an increase in adhesion strength and corrosion resistance of the coatings. However, BG/Zr coatings had lower adhesion strength than the HA/Zr coatings, but showed higher corrosion resistance.     

几种生物陶瓷材料的裂纹扩展特性

采用破坏力学中的双扭矩实验法，研究了玻璃陶瓷、云母陶瓷、氧化铝陶瓷、氧化锆陶瓷材料分别在大气、水环境中的静负荷和循环负荷下的裂纹扩展特征，阐明了水环境和循环负荷对材料裂纹扩展特性（KI－V特征）的影响。所研究的材料在水环境下的裂纹扩展速度均加快，但玻璃陶瓷和氧化锆陶瓷材料更为明显。在静负荷下这几种材料的裂纹扩展阻力由小到大的次序为：玻璃陶瓷（N－0），玻璃陶瓷（N－11），云母陶瓷，氧化锆陶瓷和氧化铝陶瓷，对于氧化铝和氧化锆陶瓷材料在循环负荷下的裂纹扩展速度均明显加快。     

先进陶瓷材料的共挤压成型制备技术及其应用

共挤压技术是一种新型的制备多成分陶瓷材料的成型方法，可实现陶瓷材料一次性成型和连续性生产。简单阐述了共挤压技术及其在压电陶瓷、氧化物陶瓷、生物陶瓷和活性纤维复合材料等先进陶瓷材料中的应用，并展望了其研究前景和技术发展。     

HA生物陶瓷的掺杂改性研究进展

离子掺杂是提高羟基磷灰石(HA)生物陶瓷生物功能性和生物相容性的有效办法之一.概述了碳酸根、氟、硅、镁、钠等离子掺杂,以及复合掺杂HA生物陶瓷在工艺合成、生物学实验、结构等方面的最新研究成果,同时分析了掺杂HA生物陶瓷的应用前景.     

Corrosion fatigue of bio-ceramic sapphire in isotonic sodium chloride solution

Alumina (sapphire) is considered as a candidate material for bio-ceramics, because of its superior strength characteristics, corrosion resistance and bio-inert properties. These biomaterials are used in aggressive corrosive environments such as the human body under severe mechanical conditions superposing cyclic loading on constant load. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the static and cyclic fatigue characteristics in an environment as severe as the human body. In this paper, the effects of human body environment corrosion upon cyclic fatigue characteristics of single crystal sapphire and polycrystalline alumina have been investigated using in vitro testing in isotonic sodium chloride solution, whose composition is closely similar to body fluid. Also, degraded corrosion morphologies and fracture surfaces of single crystal sapphire specimens were examined in detail by SEM and AFM. The fatigue limit of single crystal sapphire was found to be extremely degraded in the isotonic sodium chloride solution compared with that in air. The importance of environment assisted slip deformation is indicated.     

棉秆制造生物陶瓷材料的研究

利用农作物废弃物棉秆为原料制备了生物陶瓷。采用棉秆粉末与酚醛树脂混合热压成型和氮气保护真空烧结的技术路线,分析了烧结温度及原料配比对棉秆陶瓷相关性能的影响,并采用杨木进行了平行对比实验。结果表明,采用棉秆粉末制备生物陶瓷在技术上是可行的,制品的基本性能及其影响因素与普通杨木相近。     

制备工艺对n型Bi_2Te_3基材料热电性能和抗压强度的影响

以商用区熔(ZM)n型Bi2Te3基材料为原料,采用简单研磨结合放电等离子烧结技术(ZM+SPS)和熔体旋甩(MS)结合放电等离子烧结技术(MS+SPS)制备了n型Bi2Te3基块体热电材料.对三种不同工艺制备出样品的微结构、热电性能和力学性能进行了研究.FESEM微结构表征结果表明:区熔样品的晶粒粗大,有较强的取向性;经SPS烧结后,晶粒细化,取向性大为降低;而区熔样品经MS+SPS后,晶粒得到进一步细化,且没有明显的取向性.对三组样品进行的热电性能和抗压强度测试,结果表明:区熔原料最大ZT值为0.72(430K),抗压强度仅为40MPa;经SPS后,样品的最大ZT值为0.68(440K),抗压强度为110MPa,相比区熔样品提高了175%;MS+SPS样品的最大ZT值为0.96(320K),其室温ZT值相比区熔样品提高了64%,抗压强度相比区熔样品提高了400%,达到200MPa.     

Weibull analysis, extrapolations and implications for condition assessment of cast iron water mains

The applicability of Weibull statistics to the condition assessment of cast iron water distribution pipes has been considered. The effect of Weibull modulus, characteristic strength, sample size and mode of loading (tension or flexure) on the strength of cast iron water distribution pipes is investigated. The strength distribution of cast iron samples cut from sections of five different water distribution pipes recovered from the ground have been characterized. Strengths have been measured in flexure, at two different temperatures (ambient and 0 °C), and in tension at ambient temperature using two different sample sizes. It is shown that characteristic strength values in flexure decrease with increasing size of graphite flake and that there is no significant difference between the results at the two temperatures investigated. For samples of the same volume tested in tension and flexure, the reduced strength measured in tension is consistent with Weibull predictions. However, the strength of large samples tested in tension was not significantly different from the small samples, perhaps because the samples were of the same thickness and conventional Weibull scaling is not applicable. Finally, using a method which treats a large pipe as an assembly of small samples, the strength distributions from the small samples tested in tension are used to make a prediction of the strengths of 1 m span sections of pipe loaded in three‐point bending, which were reported in previous work. The predicted pipe strengths are close to the lower end of the measured pipe strength distribution. Overall, this work suggests that Weibull analysis is a useful tool to examine the strength distribution of removed from cast iron water pipes and so has the potential to contribute in the assessment of asset condition.     

电子束快速成形TC4合金的组织与断裂性能

利用超景深显微镜和扫描电镜对电子束选区熔化快速成形的沉积态TC4试样组织与断口形貌进行观察和分析,研究不同几何成形和加载方向对断裂性能的影响。结果表明,断裂性能在垂直试样中受到柱状晶组织的影响,具有各向异性,在沉积方向上的断裂韧度为94.94MPa·m^1/2,大于电子束扫描方向的断裂韧度85.33MPa·m^1/2,而伸长率很小,仅为3%;α相形态对断裂性能有影响:水平试样片层状的α集束组织伸长率及断裂韧度优于垂直试样相互交错的针状α组织,最大值为14.5%和101.45MPa·m^1/2,而抗拉强度和屈服强度较小;电子束选区熔化制备的TC4试样断口由许多不同尺寸的韧窝和弯曲的撕裂棱组成,断裂方式以延性韧窝状沿晶断裂为主,水平试样的断口撕裂棱曲折程度、韧窝尺寸和深度大于垂直试样。