换气包装机的现状与发展

换气包装机是在真空包装机基础上发展起来的新一代包装机械,是各类食品进行气体置换包装的关键设备。用气体置换包装的方法延长新鲜食品的保鲜期和货架寿命,是本世纪80年代以来包装领域的突破性进展。1 换气包装的机理与应用大量的试验研究表明:各种食品的腐败变质原因     

浅析加碘盐内包装机械的基本性能与选用

本文论述了加磺盐所采用的内包装机械应具备的通用性能和特殊性能，围绕着包装机械使用厂家所关心的若干参数提出了规格范围，并对加碘内包装机械的辅助设备和使用环境的改进提出了见解，供选用包装机械和调试其参数时参考。     

包装机械的发展方向

从发达国家生产的包装机械水平来看，当代包装机械的发展动向具有以下几个特点：1提高包装机械系列化、标准化和通用化水平，建立组合化、机电一体化的现代包装机械的结构体系仍是今后一个重要的发展方向国际包装界普遍持上述观点。如卧式枕型包装机，现已形成拥有完整系列及品种的组合化设备。只要更换主要操作部件，适当调整有关参数，便可在较宽的尺寸范围内卷筒式柔性材料完成块片、棒状以及外形不规则的单个或多个物品的包装。不少机种具有一机多用之特点，既可以进行一般的枕型包装，又能用于收缩包装。开发与主机配套的辅助装置是扩…     

日本──包装机械最大的生产国

本文介绍了日本包装机械的历史，日本包装机械工业的特点及日本包装机械工业的现状及发展。     

略论包装机械自动化水平的发展

<正>一、包装机械自动化发展 过程、特点及方向 包装机械是包装工业的主要技术装备,其结构功能、技术特性和自动化水平是随着包装工业的发展从简单到复杂、由低级向高级方向发展。其发展过程可分为三个大阶段,即机械化、自动化(初级自动化和高级自动化)和“无人化”(“无人化”生产车间和“无人化”生产工厂)的发展阶段。     

吸管包装机的设计

本文讨论的吸管包装机包装规格为每一包装五支吸管，市场上包装这种规格的机型较为少见。本文主要介绍该机的输管部分，封切部分及动力传输部分的结构和特点。     

国外的方便食品包装机械

在国外,食品包装很普遍,任何一种食品,不论是水果或熟肉,都要包装后才能出售。其原因是:清洁卫生;定量包装便于超级市场销售计价;便于装箱运输和贮藏;外形美观等。因此,食品包装相当盛行,包装用料日益增多,适于各种     

应用自动控制与检测技术实现包装机械自动化

<正> 随着商品经济的不断发展和市场竞争机制的引入,人们对商品的要求愈来愈高,不仅要求产品有好的内在质量,还希望有满意的外部包装,由此促进了包装行业的迅速发展,包装行业的发展,又向包装机械及设备提出了更高要求。本文所介绍的就是在国内     

真空包装领跑行业发展

包装机械在国内发展多年，无论是在技术方面还是在功效方面，真空包装机一直是遥遥领先的包装设备，     

组合式包装机的电控部分

<正>组合式包装机是国际上七十年代末八十年代初发展起来的一种包装设备,目前我国已进口几十台,国内还没有厂家正式生产,它和一般的包装机一样,是由两部分组成的:一是计量计数部分,一是包装部分。包装部分就是普通的包装机,其形式按照物料的不同,速度的要求,包装大小、形状的区别进行选择,计量计数部分是组合式的,“组     

Concentrations of Escherichia coli and genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profiling of Salmonella isolated from irrigation water, packing shed equipment, and fresh produce in Texas

Fresh produce has been repeatedly implicated as a vehicle in the transmission of foodborne gastroenteritis. In an effort to assess the risk factors involved in the contamination of fresh produce with pathogenic bacteria, a total of 1,257 samples were collected from cantaloupe, oranges, and parsley (both in the field and after processing) and from the environment (i.e., irrigation water, soil, equipment, etc.). Samples were collected twice per season from two production farms per commodity and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella and Escherichia coli. E. coli was detected on all types of commodities (cantaloupe, oranges, and parsley), in irrigation water, and on equipment surfaces. A total of 25 Salmonella isolates were found: 16 from irrigation water, 6 from packing shed equipment, and 3 from washed cantaloupes. Salmonella was not detected on oranges or parsley. Serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and repetitive element sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) assays were applied to all Salmonella isolates to evaluate the genetic diversity of the isolates and to determine relationships between sources of contamination. Using PFGE, Salmonella isolates obtained from irrigation water and equipment were determined to be different from cantaloupe isolates; however, DNA fingerprinting did not conclusively define relationships between contamination sources. All Salmonella isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method, and 20% (5 of 25) of the isolates had intermediate sensitivity to streptomycin. One Salmonella isolate from cantaloupe was resistant to streptomycin.     

直接跌落式装箱机的设计

介绍了现有技术中移位跌落式装箱机及其存在的问题,在此基础上设计了一种新型直接跌落式装箱机,该装箱机改变了进桶方式,桶经过分道理排后直接进入装箱工位,利用其特殊的翻板装置和动力同步装置将桶准确地装入纸箱中。该装箱机减少了桶的移位动作,提高了装箱速度;去除了推桶机构和防倒桶机构,缩小了装箱机的体积,降低了制造成本。     

香烟装箱机结构设计

产品装箱是香烟企业生产过程中的一个瓶颈环节。通过对香烟充填装箱工艺的分析和对比,以机械系统、电气系统相结合的形式来完成装箱生产作业。设计了自动装箱机中采取步进电机控制的分流机构及采取伺服电机控制的叠层机构,介绍了他们的机械结构和工作状况,从而实现简单可靠的装箱系统结构。     

浅谈交流伺服技术在包装机械上的应用

本文就包装机械采用传统控制方案和采用交流伺服技术控制方案进行了比较,介绍了交流伺服技术的特点。     

Biological control of Penicillium digitatum by Trichoderma viride on postharvest citrus fruits

In previous studies it was shown that Trichoderma viride, isolated from Spanish citrus packing houses, showed antagonistic activity against Penicillium digitatum in in vitro laboratory tests. In the present in vivo studies Navelina oranges, protected with aqueous suspension of T. viride (2.5 x 10(6) to 2.5 x 10(9) spores per ml), showed an increase in resistance toward P. digitatum. Oranges, inoculated with P. digitatum, did not produce lesions after 5 days when T. viride was applied 48 h or 72 h before inoculation.     

Potential for internalization, growth, and survival of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in oranges

Internalization potential, survival, and growth of human pathogens within oranges were investigated in a series of laboratory experiments. Submerging oranges into dye solutions at various temperature differentials was used to assess internalization potential. Conditions in which dye internalization was observed were further studied by applying Escherichia coli O157:H7 or Salmonella onto the stem scar, subjecting the oranges to a temperature differential, juicing, and measuring numbers of pathogens in the resulting juice. Pathogens for growth and survival studies were applied to or injected into simulated peel punctures. Oranges with small peel holes of selected sizes were also placed into solutions containing these pathogens. Bacterial survival was also evaluated in orange juice at 4 and 24 degrees C. Oranges internalized pathogens at a frequency of 2.5 to 3.0%, which mirrored dye internalization frequency (3.3%). Pathogens were internalized at an uptake level of 0.1 to 0.01% of the challenge applied. Bacteria grew within oranges at 24 degrees C, but not at 4 degrees C. Thirty-one percent of oranges with 0.91-mm surface holes showed pathogen uptake, whereas 2% of oranges with 0.68-mm holes showed pathogen uptake. Pathogens added to fresh orange juice and incubated at 24 degrees C declined 1 log CFU/ml within 3 days. These results suggest that internalization, survival, and growth of human bacterial pathogens can occur within oranges intended for producing unpasteurized juice.     

一种盒装食品装箱控制系统设计与研究

目的：提高装箱机的适应性及装箱效率。方法：根据当前装箱行业的需求,研究盒装食品的装箱方法,综合运用PLC、伺服电机、触摸屏等技术,通过变址算法、点位调用、点位排列等技术方法,开发一套不同产品快速切换的装箱工作站控制系统。结果：系统将传送带上的盒装食品通过伺服的绝对坐标控制,快速地完成抓取、移动、装箱等动作。结论：系统通过计算、仿真及现场测试,能够快速地完成盒装食品的柔性装箱,适用于大多数盒装食品的装箱作业,且提高了装箱效率,抓取速度最快达2.2 s/次。     

Use of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) to detect the presence of Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann) larvae in Valencia oranges

BACKGROUND: When fruit deteriorates a characteristic profile of volatile chemicals is produced that is different from that produced by healthy fruits. The identification of such chemicals allows the possibility of monitoring the fruit for early signs of deterioration with biological sensors. The use of honey bees and other insects as biological sensors is well known. This study aimed to identify the volatiles produced by oranges infested with larvae of the Mediterranean fruit fly and to test the ability of honey bees, conditioned to this volatile chemical profile, to detect such oranges. RESULTS: Seventeen compounds that were present in higher concentrations in the volatile profiles of infested oranges than in those of insect‐free fruits were mixed at the same relative concentrations as those in the collected volatiles of infested oranges. The synthetic mixture was used to train honey bees by classical Pavlovian conditioning and subsequent tests showed that they were then able to discriminate between medfly‐infested and uninfested oranges. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates an innovative way of detecting, at an early stage, the symptoms of damage to oranges by the Mediterranean fruit fly. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

近红外漫反射无损检测赣南脐橙中可溶性固形物和总酸

目的:利用近红外漫反射无损检测技术对赣南脐橙可溶性固形物和总酸含量进行相关研究。方法:通过自行设计的NIR光谱系统测定150个赣南脐橙可溶性固形物和总酸。120个赣南脐橙样品用来建模,其余30个用来验证模型的性能。采集完整赣南脐橙的近红外漫反射光谱(350～1800nm),光谱经移动窗口平滑处理、一阶微分和二阶微分预处理后,再分别采用主成分回归(PCR)和偏最小二乘法(PLS),建立赣南脐橙可溶性固形物和总酸含量的定量预测数学模型。结果:采用一阶微分结合偏最小二乘法所建模型的预测效果较好,可溶性固形物和总酸含量定量预测数学模型的相关系数分别为0.9263和0.9562,均方根误差分别为0.4102°Brix和0.018%。结论:近红外漫反射光谱作为一种无损的检测方法,可用于评价赣南脐橙的可溶性固形物和总酸含量。     

CHANGES IN THE ORGANOLEPTIC QUALITY OF SHAMOUTI ORANGES DURING THEIR RIPENING SEASON1

The quality of Shamouti oranges was determined by taste panels before and after storage. Unstored oranges were given the same scores when tasted as peeled segments and as fresh juice; stored oranges were given higher scores when tasted as juice than when tasted as segments. Multiple regression of taste quality score on the Brix, Acidity and Maturity Ratio leads to localization of peak organoleptic maturity conditions.