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接种根瘤菌技术在农业生产中应用广泛.通常,接种菌菌剂以液体或者固体(同载体结合在一起)的形式出售.菌剂的生产涉及大量细胞的生成,该过程主要受两个因素的制约:一是根瘤菌生长培养基的成本,另一个是用于固体菌剂生产的载体的费用.一些工农业副产物(如麦芽、秸秆等)含有氮源和碳源等促进根瘤菌生长的因子,还有一些工农业废料(如植物堆肥等)可以用作根瘤菌菌剂生产的载体.最近,全世界一种广泛存在的可再生废料:污水污泥,很有可能被用作接种根瘤菌剂生产的培养基和载体(脱水污泥).污泥通常含有足以维持根瘤菌生长的氮元素,其重金属含量也较低.有时候可以通过污泥预处理或者添加营养素的方法优化其生长条件.同普通菌剂相比,污水污泥中生长的根瘤菌能够使植物进行有效的结瘤和固氮.本文所介绍的这种接种根瘤菌剂生产的新方法为废料处理以及菌剂生产提供了一种安全、环保的选择. 相似文献
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复合菌剂用于膜生物反应器的污泥减量试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将复合菌技术与膜生物反应器结合处理校园生活废水,考察其污泥减量的效果.试验结果表明,反应器内MLSS的质量浓度由投加微生物前的9 000 mg·L~(-1)降到了投加后的5 000 mg·L~(-1),MLSS降低了44.4%,MLVSS同MLSS的变化基本一致;m(MLVSS)/m(MLSS)的变化不是很大,投加微生物后的m(MLVSS)/m(MLSS)较没投加前的平均0.83略有提高;而对COD、NH_4~+-N、TP的平均去除率分别由未投加时的93.78%,78.38%、75.56%增大到96.03%、88.25%、84.79%,所有指标都有所提高.研究表明,利用膜生物反应器(MBR)对泥水高效分离的特点,通过投加复合菌剂,抑制了不利菌和无用菌的生长,改善污泥性能和代谢活性,可以在实现MBR污泥零排放的同时,提高系统的去污能力. 相似文献
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随着"重水轻泥"逐渐向"泥水并重"转变,工业水污泥处理成为环保难题.针对高含水率工业污泥,研究国内不同的污泥处理技术,确定了适合工业企业污泥处理的技术路线. 相似文献
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采用催化湿式氧化技术处理印染污泥,考察了反应温度、时间、氧气量、初始pH、催化剂用量等条件对污泥处理效果的影响。确定了最佳工艺条件:反应温度260℃、反应时间2 h、催化剂添加量为0.3%、初始pH值5.5,氧气量为理论量的140%,该工艺条件下污泥中TOC的去除率可达82%以上,可挥发性固体物的去除率在90%以上。此外,还研究了污水处理厂污泥、抗生素发酵污泥、油泥站含油污泥的处理效果,研究表明催化湿式氧化技术对污泥有较好的适用性,为工业有毒有害污泥的处置提供一种新思路。 相似文献
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工业生产中的烟气排放在环保问题中占据重要地位,而有效的收集与净化烟气可以大大减少环境污染,并对我国以及全球的环境保护起到积极推动作用。随着科学技术的发展,新型烟气收集净化方法不断涌现,这些方法集合各类先进技术和设备,为打造绿色环保的工业生产提供了可能。 相似文献
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The production of canned maize is accompanied by formation of large volumes of waste water, with high contents of starch, and high chemical- and biochemical oxygen demand. In our work the effects of acidic, microwave and ozone pretreatment on the biogas production and aerobic biodegradability of canned maize production sludge were examined and the energy balance of the processes were determined when different sludge pretreatments were used. It was found that ozone treatment decreased the chemical oxygen demand, while the biochemical oxygen demand and the aerobic biodegradability increased. The combination of microwave and ozone treatment increased the biodegradability relative to ozone treatment alone. 相似文献
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The ever-increasing amount of solid waste generated by wastewater treatment plants highlights emerging economic and environmental issues. In order to develop new processes producing less sludge, the use of ozone combined with anaerobic digestion was investigated for waste activated sludge treatment. This paper was aimed at evaluating the impact of ozone pretreatment on anaerobic digestion and particularly the enhancement of biogas production. Sludge solubilization was estimated in terms of modification of chemical oxygen demand, solids and nitrogen. Batch anaerobic digestion highlighted the enhancement of ozonated sludge biodegradability. Ozonation led to an increase in biogas production. The ozone dose of 0.15 g O3/g total solids resulted in a considerable increase in the soluble COD ratio from 4% to 37%. This ozone dose achieved the highest increase in biogas production: 2.4 times greater than without chemical pretreatment. 相似文献
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Peng Zhu Kamlesh Patel Sean Lin Serge Méjean Eric Blanchard Xiao Dong Chen 《Drying Technology》2013,31(4):419-428
A predictive tool using a thermodynamic approach has recently been developed to determine several important gas-feed parameters for industrial spray-drying processes. In this approach, a desorption behavior of materials was evaluated and the behavior was linked with overall heat and mass balances over the dryer. Using the desorption behavior of materials and the overall heat and mass balances, a spray-drying software SD2P® was designed at the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) in France. The SD2P® software allows the prediction of optimal inlet drying air temperatures with acceptable accuracy (95–99% accuracy) for spray drying of dairy products. In order to predict detailed quality parameters and stickiness behavior of a product during processing, the reaction engineering approach (REA) was combined with a modified desorption method. A traditional experimental setup is replaced with a new setup, which is described in this article. Drying kinetics parameters were predicted using this new setup. Important gas-feed parameters were predicted using the 1D simulation-based software and compared with SD2P® predictions and are reported here. 相似文献
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催化装置挖潜增效的新途径 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文论述了在催化装置反应系统改造中采用的几个新技术 ;在工艺方面采用分层进料技术、反应终止技术、汽油回注改质技术 ;在设备方面喷嘴采用新型高效UPC雾化喷嘴、提升管出口采用CSC粗旋快分系统、汽提段采用环形挡板与密相环流汽提相结合的高效组合式结构、预提升段采用主预提升管和蒸汽环组合的新型预提升结构 ,以达到提高液体收率、降低蒸汽耗量的目的 相似文献
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我国赖氨酸工业技术新进展 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
系统介绍了我国赖氨酸工业生产技术的发展、赖氨酸生产菌种的最新研究进展以及生产过程中的发酵、提取、浓缩、结晶、干燥等操作所采用的最新技术和设备。离子交换法是从发酵液中提取赖氨酸的常用方法 ,文中简要介绍了连续离子交换系统 (ISEP)对提高赖氨酸回收率、降低能耗和减少污水排放量的作用及其应用。 相似文献
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介绍执行国家现行的压力管道基本法规及化工管道的相关规定 ,根据企业在用压力管道的实际情况 ,通过定期检验 ,分部完成压力管道的初期建档工作。 相似文献