Hydrothermal synthesis and electrochemical sensing properties of copper vanadate nanocrystals with controlled morphologies

Morphology-controlled synthesis of copper vanadate nanocrystals is of great significance in electrochemical sensing applications. A facile hydrothermal process for synthesizing copper vanadate nanocrystals with various morphologies (e.g., nanoparticles, nanobelts and nanoflowers) was reported. Phase, morphology and electrochemical performance of the as-synthesized copper vanadate nanocrystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and cyclic-voltammogram (CV) techniques. The results revealed that the morphologies of the Cu₃V₂O₇(OH)₂·2H₂O (CVOH) nanocrystals could be controlled by changing copper salts, surfactants and pH values. The CVOH samples showed enhanced electrochemical response to ascorbic acid. Comparatively, the CVOH nanobelts had the higher electrochemical sensing performance than those of CVOH nanoparticles and nanoflowers. The CVOH-nanobelts-modified GCEs had a linear relationship between the peak currents in their CVs and ascorbic acid concentration. The CVOH nanocrystals can be used as potential electrochemical active materials for the determination of ascorbic acid.     

Effect of growth time on morphology and photovoltaic properties of ZnO nanowire array films

Single-crystalline ZnO nanowire arrays with different aspect ratios and nanowire densities were prepared by the hydrothermal growing method using polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a surfactant. PEI can only hinder the lateral growth of the ZnO nanowires, which is observed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis. Dye-sensitized solar cells were assembled by the ZnO nanowire arrays with different thicknesses, which can be controlled by the growing time and characterized using photocurrent-voltage measurements. Their photocurrent densities and energy allover conversion efficiencies increased with increasing ZnO nanowire lengths. Short-circuit current den-sity of 4.31 mA-cm-2 and allover energy conversion efficiency of 0.87% were achieved with 12.9-μm-long ZnO nanowire arrays.     

稀土Gd3+掺杂对钴铁氧体结构与吸波性能的影响

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,C_4H_6CoO_4·6H_2O和FeCl_3·6H_2O为原料,晶化温度180℃,晶化时间8 h,在pH=11的条件下采用水热法制备钴铁氧体纳米颗粒。探究了稀土元素Gd~(3+)的掺杂量对纳米钴铁氧体微观结构与吸波性能的影响。利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)和矢量网络分析(VNA)仪对制备的复合钴铁氧体结构性能进行表征。结果表明,稀土元素Gd~(3+)会对钴铁氧体的晶粒尺寸、形貌和吸波性能产生较大影响。当稀土元素Gd~(3+)掺杂量x≤0.025时,复合钴铁氧体晶粒尺寸随着掺杂量增加在逐渐减小,晶格常数逐渐增加,颗粒的形状变为不规则四边形。当稀土元素Gd~(3+)掺杂量x0.025时,由于稀土元素Gd~(3+)在钴铁氧体中固溶度达到限值,会产生Gd(OH)_3杂质,使钴铁氧体晶粒尺寸变大。当稀土元素Gd~(3+)的掺杂量x=0.025时,所制备的钴铁氧体介电损耗与磁滞损耗增强,吸波反射率达到最小,为-14.9 dB。     

Crystallization, morphology and luminescent properties of YAG：Ce^3＋ phosphor powder prepared by polyacrylamide gel method

A novel synthesis process, based on the polyacrylamide gel method, was used to prepare Ce-doped YAG phosphor powders. Effects of heat treatment parameters, temperature and holding time, the fluxes, and atmosphere on microstructure and particle morphology as well as luminescent properties of YAG：Ce^3＋ phosphor powders were studied by X-ray powder diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The results show that the formation temperature （1 000 ℃） of pure YAG phase is significant low when being synthesized by the polyacrylamide gel method, compared with solid-state reaction. For luminescent properties, the intensity of emission of YAG：Ce^3＋ phosphor increases steadily with increasing temperature from 900 ℃ to 1 300 ℃ and prolonging holding time from 100 min to 400 min. But blue shift phenomenon is observed for 400 min calcination Fluxes as BaF2 and H3BO3 can enhance the intensity of emission of phosphor due to the improvement of crystallization of YAG and the stabilization of trivalence cerium ion in YAG host lattice at high temperature. Weak reduction atmosphere can contribute to improvement of the emission intensity of YAG：Ce^3＋ phosphor powders.     

回火温度对3Cr3Mo2NiW钢力学性能和断口形貌的影响

研究了3Cr3Mo2NiW钢力学性能和断口形貌随回火温度的变化。结果显示,随着回火温度的升高,试验钢的硬度降低,韧性增加,550 ℃回火时出现二次硬化现象;600 ℃以上回火,硬度明显降低,韧性大幅度增加;700 ℃回火态试样未冲断。淬火后,随着回火温度的升高,试验钢的基体组织逐渐转变为回火马氏体、回火屈氏体和回火索氏体。300~600 ℃温度区间内回火试样的断裂方式为准解理断裂,高温回火试样的断裂方式为韧性断裂,不同温度回火后得到的显微组织和碳化物对试样的冲击韧性有较大影响。     

前驱体对四氧化三钴形貌的影响与表征

以Co(CH3COO)2.4H2O为钴源,聚乙二醇(PEG)20 000为表面活性剂,在水-正丁醇溶剂体系中,分别以氢氧化钾、碳酸铵和草酸为沉淀剂,采用沉淀法制备氢氧化钴、碱式碳酸钴和草酸钴前驱体。氢氧化钴前驱体于160℃通过水热氧化法,可制得立方体状四氧化三钴(Co3O4);碱式碳酸钴和草酸钴前驱体采用水热-热分解法分别于450℃和400℃煅烧3 h可制得球链状和棒状Co3O4。用热重分析、红外光谱、X射线衍射和透射电镜对所制得前驱体和产物Co3O4的形貌和结构进行表征,并对所制备的不同形貌Co3O4进行电化学性能测试。研究结果表明:产物Co3O4的形貌与其前驱体和制备方法有关,当采用氢氧化钴前驱体可制备平均晶粒度约为15 nm的立方体状Co3O4;当采用碱式碳酸钴和草酸钴前驱体可分别制得直径约为40 nm、长约为100 nm的球链状Co3O4和直径约为0.1μm、长度可达1μm的棒状Co3O4。通过对不同形貌的Co3O4进行循环充放电测试,可知纳米级Co3O4的电化学性能优于微米级Co3O4的;立方体状Co3O4的电化学性能优于其他形貌Co3O4的电化学性能,其循环10次后的充电比容量为406 mA.h/...     

钕对AZ91镁合金铸态组织的影响

利用光学显微镜、电子探针和X射线衍射仪研究Nd对AZ91镁合金铸态显微组织的影响，并利用Imagetool软件测量晶粒尺寸和面积。结果表明：少量Nd对α-Mg晶粒有显著的细化作用，平均晶粒尺寸由108μm降至约31μm，晶粒面积也明显减小，Nd的最佳加入量为0．5％。此外，Nd的加入致使β-Mg17Al12相弥散细小，组织中出现了粒状或针状Al3Nd化合物。     

钒酸盐管饲对STZ糖尿病大鼠OGTT和理糖激素的影响

目的 研究一定剂量的钒酸盐的降糖作用与理糖激素变化的关系。方法 采用管饲法喂饲Wistar 大鼠20 mg·kg^-1·d^-1 正钒酸钠(Va) 共2 w ks, 观察口服葡萄糖耐量(OGTT)、胰岛素释放曲线、胰高血糖素(Glc)、皮质酮(Cor)、体重的变化。结果 Va 不影响正常大鼠的OGTT 和血浆Glc 和Cor 水平, 而抑制体重的增长;Va 显著改善STZ 糖尿病大鼠的OGTT, 并使升高的Glc 和Cor 正常化, 而低体重和低水平的胰岛素释放曲线无明显改善。结论 提示该剂量的Va 可有效地降血糖, 纠正糖尿病糖代谢和激素紊乱, 但对体重仍有较明显的副作用。     

成形速度对7050铝合金锻件力学性能和断口形貌的影响

通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、室温拉伸试验等研究了成形速度对7050铝合金锻件显微组织、力学性能和断口形貌的影响。结果表明,随成形速度的增加,7050铝合金锻件的晶粒截面形貌逐渐由圆形过渡到细长状,且局部出现粗化。抗拉强度和屈服强度随成形速度增加呈先增加后减小的趋势,伸长率随成形速度的增加逐渐减小;当成形速度为2 mm/s时,抗拉强度、屈服强度分别达到608 MPa和560 MPa,伸长率为12.7%;当成形速度分别为2 mm/s和8 mm/s时,拉伸后试样的断裂形式以穿晶断裂为主,伴随着少量的第二相粗大颗粒和晶间断裂,且随着成形速度的减小,韧窝数量不断增加,韧窝深度也逐渐变深。实际热模锻生产成形速度宜选择2~8 mm/s。     

Effect of Bi on graphite morphology and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron

To improve the mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron, bismuth （Bi） was introduced into the iron. Five castings with different Bi content from 0 to 0.014 wt.% were prepared; and four positions in the casting from the edge to the center, with different solidification cooling rates, were chosen for microstructure observation and mechanical properties test. The effect of the Bi content on the graphite morphology and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron were investigated. Results show that the tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness at different positions in the five castings decrease with a decrease in cooling rate. With an increase in Bi content, the graphite morphology and the mechanical properties at the same position are improved, and the improvement of mechanical properties is obvious when the Bi content is no higher than 0.011wt.%. But when the Bi content is further increased to 0.014wt.%, the improvement of mechanical properties is not obvious due to the increase of chunky graphite number and the aggregation of chunky graphite. With an increase in Bi content, the tensile fracture mechanism is changed from brittle to mixture ductile-brittle fracture.     

Preparation and elements analysis of porous fluorescent glasses

A large variety of porous fluorescent glasses were prepared and the concentration of different elements in these glasses was analyzed. The start porous glasses were soaked in a solution containing soluble salts and then heated at 650 ℃ for 3 h to decompose the salts in the pores into oxides. Fluorescent agents, such as UO3, Eu203, were impregnated into the porous glasses to prepare the fluorescent glasses. The results show that soaking is a feasible method to prepare the glass sphere with compositions distinguishable from each other and easy to be located in a complicated background. Six or more components can be impregnated together into one glass sample and the concentration of them can be analyzed accurately. UO3 and Eu203 can be impregnated into porous glass to make the glass strongly fluorescent. Higher concentration of Eu203 produces stronger fluorescence while higher concentration of UO3 reduces the fluorescence intensity because of the concentration quenching effect.     

双重退火工艺对TC21钛合金力学性能和断口形貌的影响

利用光学金相、扫描电镜以及拉伸、冲击、断裂韧性试验等手段研究了不同双重退火工艺对TC21钛合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:第一次退火温度一定时,随着第二次退火温度的上升,试样中块状α相更易于形成;第二次退火温度一定时,随着第一次退火温度的上升,试样中形成大块α相的概率变小;TC21钛合金的断面收缩率对不同双重退火工艺最为敏感;900 ℃×2 h+500 ℃×4 h双重退火工艺下制备的试样具有弯折的粗大条状α相及最大的冲击吸收能量;950 ℃×2 h+590 ℃×4 h双重退火工艺下制备的试样能在裂纹扩展中吸收最多的能量,具有最高的断裂韧性。     

电解液中Ni2+/Co2+比对电解Ni-Co合金粉末形貌、结构和磁学性能的影响(英文)

采用恒电流法在具有不同Ni²⁺/Co²⁺比(摩尔比)的硫酸盐电解液中制备镍钴(Ni-Co)合金粉末。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、原子发射光谱仪(AES)和基于SQUID的磁力仪检测粉末的形态、相结构、化学成分和磁学性能。当Ni²⁺/Co²⁺比从0.25增加到4.0时,颗粒形貌从菜花状和树枝状转变为珊瑚状和海绵状。Ni-Co粉末的XRD分析表明,Ni/Co比降低(Co含量增加)导致结构变化:Ni²⁺/Co²⁺比为4.0、1.5和0.67时,粉末为面心立方(FCC)结构;Ni/Co比为0.25时,粉末为面心立方(FCC)和六方密堆(HCP)相的混合物。增加电解液中Ni含量导致电解机理发生变化:当电解液中Ni含量低于40%(质量分数)时为不规则共沉积;Ni含量为40%⁶0%(质量分数)时接近平衡共沉积,Ni含量高于60%(质量分数)时则为异常共沉积。所有获得的Ni-Co合金样品均为软磁材料,其磁性参数显示出直接的成分依赖...     

EffectofEr~(3+) and Nd~(3+)doping on the luminescent properties of BaMgAl_(10)O_(17):Euphosphor

BaMgAl10O17:Eu blue phosphors were synthesized and the effect of doping er3+ and Nd3+ ions in the phosphor on the luminescent properties was investigated. When the content of Er3+ and Nd3+ ions is small, the phosphor remains single phase and the luminescent intensity of Eu2+ increases effectively. When Er3+ is doped, the shape of the excitation spectrum of the phosphor in the UV (ultraviolet) region remains unchanged. As Nd3+ is doped in the phosphor, the location and intensity of the two excitation peaks, and the emission intensity ratio excited by corresponding UV change dramatically owing to the alternation of crystal field splitting and level barycenter of 4f65d configuration of Eu2+ ion.     

硅胶负载掺钕TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法将掺钕二氧化钛负载在二氧化硅上制备复合光催化剂（Nd/TiO2-SiO2）,利用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和DRS对Nd/TiO2-SiO2进行表征,并通过甲基橙溶液的光催化降解评价其光催化性能。结果表明：Nd/TiO2-SiO2在可见光区388-619nm范围内的光吸收性能随着钕掺杂量的增大而增强,钕掺杂有利于降低电子-空穴的复合率,钕和二氧化硅提高TiO2的光催化活性。在600℃煅烧的0.1%Nd/TiO2-SiO2的光催化活性最高,1h后甲基橙降解率为82.9%。     

Al2O3p/Al复合材料中颗粒粒径与形态对组织和性能的影响

选用 5 .0和 0 .15 μm两种粒径的Al2 O3 颗粒 ,制备了Al2 O3 体积分数为 40 %的铝基复合材料。利用透射电镜对两种复合材料拉伸前后的组织进行观察 ,结果表明 :5 μm尖角形Al2 O3 颗粒增强复合材料的铸态组织中存在高密度的位错 ,这主要是由于热错配应力引起的 ;0 .15 μm椭球形Al2 O3 颗粒增强复合材料的铸态组织中几乎观察不到位错 ,这与颗粒细小且为等轴状、分布弥散、界面附近应力分布均匀等因素有关。对拉伸断口附近显微组织的观察表明 ,前者基体中位错进一步增殖 ,后者则存在明显的位错环。室温拉伸结果表明亚微米Al2 O3p/Al复合材料中的这种微观组织有利于材料强度和塑性的提高     

Influence of cooling rate and antimony addition content on graphite morphology and mechanical properties of a ductile iron

Cooling rate and inoculation practice can greatly affect the graphite morphology of ductile irons.In the present research,the effects of the cooling rate and antimony addition on the graphite morpholog...     

Y2O2SO4: Eu3+ 亚微米棒的合成及发光性能

以Na2SO4和K2SO4为熔盐,采用熔盐法合成了一维Y2O2SO4:Eu3+亚微米棒。应用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和光谱仪等方法对合成产物的晶体结构、形貌和发光性能进行表征。考察了烧结温度、Eu3+掺杂浓度对合成产物的晶体结构、形貌和发光性能的影响,结果表明,原料混合物在1100℃空气中煅烧2 h可合成纯相、表面光滑的Y2O2SO4: Eu3+亚微米棒,Y2O2SO4: Eu3+亚微米棒的长边大于10 μm,短边为500~800 nm。在270nm紫外光的激发下,Y2O2SO4: Eu3+亚微米棒呈红光发射,最强发射峰位于616 nm处,归属于Eu3+的5D0→7F2跃迁,Y2O2SO4: Eu3+亚微米棒Eu3+的最佳掺杂浓度为10mol%。     

树脂金刚石砂轮磨削钒酸钇晶体中磨削参数对力和磨削表面质量的影响

本文用树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮对钒酸钇晶体进行了平面磨削实验,研究了砂轮线速度、工件进给速度和磨削深度对磨削力和磨削表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明:磨削力和磨削表面粗糙度都是随着砂轮线速度的增加而减小,随进给速度和磨削深度的增加而增加,其中磨削深度对磨削力影响最大,砂轮线速度对磨削表面粗糙度影响最大。钒酸钇晶体的磨削表面主要由断裂区域和光滑区域组成,当砂轮线速度为30m/s时,磨削表面存在宽度约100μm的裂痕,而随着砂轮线速度的上升,裂痕宽度降低到50μm以下,同时光滑区域所占的比例增加,这可能与发生塑性变形的机率增大有关。