有机溶剂在浆萃取对锌精矿直接浸出的影响

研究了锌精矿直接浸出时的在浆有机溶剂萃取,通过扫描电镜分析比较了浸出前矿粒以及两种不同浸出渣的表面形貌。结果表明,四氯乙烯是一种非常有效的萃硫有机溶剂,其加入时间控制为0.5～1.5h。当有机相与无机相(O/A)之比值小于1/50时,锌浸出率随O/A比值的增大而增大;但当O/A比值超过1/50时,锌浸出率并不受相比的影响。     

RECOVERING RE FROM LEACHING LIQUOR OF RARE EARTH ORE BY EXTRACTION

ＲＥＣＯＶＥＲＩＮＧＲＥＦＲＯＭＬＥＡＣＨＩＮＧＬＩＱＵＯＲＯＦＲＡＲＥＥＡＲＴＨＯＲＥＢＹＥＸＴＲＡＣＴＩＯＮＣｈｉＲｕ＇ａｎ；ＸｕＪｉｎｇｍｉｎｇ；ＨｅＰｅｉｊｉｏｎｇ；ＺｈｕＹｏｎｇｊｕｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＮｕｃｌｅａｒＥｎｅｒｇｙＴｅｃ...     

Bio-leaching of low-grade large porphyry chalcopyrite-containing ore

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＤｅｘｉｎｇＣｏｐｐｅｒＭｉｎｅｉｎＪｉａｎｇｘｉＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ ,Ｃｈｉ ｎａ ,ｉｓａｌａｒｇｅｃｏｐｐｅｒｄｅｐｏｓｉｔａｔｗｈｉｃｈａｒｏｕｎｄ 50 0ｍｉｌ ｌｉｏｎｔｏｎｓｏｆｗａｓｔｅｒｏｃｋｓｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇ 0 .1%～ 0 .3%ｃｏｐｐｅｒａｒｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｄ ,ａｎｄａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｅｌｙ 1.2ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｔｏｎｓｏｆｍｅｔａｌｃｏｐｐｅｒｃｏｎｔａｉｎｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｌｏｗ ｇｒａｄｅｏｒｅｓｃｏｕｌｄｎｏｔｂｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｌｌｙｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｅ…     

生物因素对次生硫化铜矿堆浸过程动力学的影响

假定生物浸出过程细菌的作用是间接作用,以实验室柱浸模拟次生硫化铜矿生物堆浸,基于细菌生长Monod方程及收缩核模型建立细菌生长动力学因子影响硫化矿浸出速率的动力学模型,研究铜浸出速率、溶液总铁、溶液中细菌浓度与时间的关系、细菌产出率和细菌饱和系数对浸出速率影响的动力学规律。动力学研究表明,在浸出早期,氧化浸出速率、溶液中总铁浓度以及溶液中的细菌数量增长较快,而在浸出后期则增长较慢。计算与实际结果表明,细菌最大生长比速率、细菌产出率、细菌饱和常数及溶液中Fe离子的浓度均对硫化矿的氧化浸出速率有明显影响,尤其在浸出早期影响较大。应用动力学模型仿真结果与实际基本符合,可分析生物因素对浸出的影响趋势。     

直接酸浸-溶剂萃取法从废油加氢催化剂中回收钒和镍（英文）

采用直接酸浸-溶剂萃取法从废油加氢催化剂中选择性萃取分离钒和镍。钒(Ⅳ)和镍(Ⅱ)的萃取分离分为两步：钒和镍的酸浸以及溶剂萃取。首先,通过酸浸实现钒和镍的高效浸取,浸出率分别为88.07%和75.58%。其次,逆流萃取实验表明,在酸性环境下以P204作为钒的高效萃取剂进行三段萃取,钒的萃取率为99.21%,而镍和铁则不萃取。钒萃取余液经氨水-硫酸铵脱铝预处理后,在氨介质中以LIX84-Ⅰ作为镍的高效萃取剂进行三段萃取,镍的萃取率为99.79%。这种钒镍回收的工艺流程不仅可以实现钒和镍的分离回收,而且可以实现试剂的循环利用。     

次氧化锌酸性浸出液中萃取分离铟的工艺

以次氧化锌酸性浸出液为原料,采用两段溶剂萃取的方法实现铟与其他金属离子的有效分离,并循环利用工艺过程中使用的盐酸,减少氯离子的排放。研究采用P204从浸出液中萃取、盐酸反萃铟的行为,以及采用TBP/P350混合萃取剂从P204载铟有机相盐酸反萃液中选择性萃取铟、水反萃等过程中铟的行为,考察萃取剂浓度、混合时间、酸浓度和相比等因素对铟萃取率和反萃率的影响。结果表明：采用10%P204(体积分数)在相比(A/O)为2/1的条件下,经过2级逆流萃取,浸出液中99% 铟被萃取,得到的P204载铟有机相采用6 mol/L盐酸反萃,铟反萃率达100%。得到的含铟盐酸反萃液再采用TBP/P350选择性萃取铟,在相比为3/2条件下,经过2级逆流萃取,铟萃取率为99%,得到的载铟有机相采用纯净水进行3级逆流反萃,铟被反萃完全。与传统工艺相比,氯离子排放量减少86%。基于上述实验结果,提出从次氧化锌酸性浸出液中萃取分离铟的工艺流程,在实现铟高效回收的同时,降低氯离子的排放,达到资源高效利用和减少污染物排放的目的。     

BioMinE: An integrated project for developing biohydrometallurgy in Europe—Executive summary of its activities and outputs after three years

Biohydrometallurgy is the offspring of the unexpected union of biotechnology and metallurgy. From specific properties of some extreme biotopes, active principles of interactions between microbial metabolisms and minerals have been extracted to be used as efficient metallurgical processes. Many profitable industrial operations based on these bioprocesses have been running to recover copper, gold, uranium or cobalt for instance and many other applications have been designed. Europe was quite active in this area in the past, but currently the leadership is in South Africa, America and Australia. BioMinE （Biotechnology of Metal-bearing material In Europe） is a large integrated project launched with the support of the European Commision. It is aimed at stimulating synergies between the most relevant universities, research and industrial organizations to develop new concepts in this technical field that allow a better exploitation of the mineral resources in the future. The European non-ferrous metals mining industry has initiated and developed the BioMinE project as they identified the need to find new processes for metal extraction from resources of today and of tomorrow.     

BioMinE:An integrated project for developing biohydrometallurgy in Europe—Executive summary of its activities and outputs after three years

Biohydrometallurgy is the offspring of the unexpected union of biotechnology and metallurgy.From specific properties of some extreme biotopes,active principles of interactions between microbial metabolisms and minerals have been extracted to be used as efficient metallurgical processes.Many profitable industrial operations based on these bioprocesses have been running to recover copper,gold,uranium or cobalt for instance and many other applications have been designed.Europe was quite active in this area in the past,but currently the leadership is in South Africa,America and Australia.BioMinE (Biotechnology of Metal-bearing material In Europe) is a large integrated project launched with the support of the European Commision.It is aimed at stimulating synergies between the most relevant universities,research and industrial organizations to develop new concepts in this technical field that allow a better exploitation of the mineral resources in the future.The European non-ferrous metals mining industry has initiated and developed the BioMinE project as they identified the need to find new processes for metal extraction from resources of today and of tomorrow.     

BioMinE:An integrated project for developing biohydrometallurgy in Europe——Executive summary of its activities and outputs after three years

Biohydrometallurgy is the offspring of the unexpected union of biotechnology and metallurgy.From specific properties of some extreme biotopes,active principles of interactions between microbial metabolisms and minerals have been extracted to be used as efficient metallurgical processes.Many profitable industrial operations based on these bioprocesses have been running to recover copper,gold,uranium or cobalt for instance and many other applications have been designed.Europe was quite active in this area ...     

溶剂萃取分离金川料液中的金钯铂

阐述了石油亚砜（ＰＳＯ）选择性萃取分离Ｐｄ的基本原理，并以此为基础研究了用ＤＢＣ萃Ａｕ、ＰＳＯ萃Ｐｄ及Ｎ２３５萃Ｐｔ，从金川蒸馏Ｏｓ、Ｒｕ之后的脱胶液中萃取分离金、钯、铂的工艺过程     

铂的萃取分离技术研究进展

溶剂萃取法分离提纯铂相比于传统的沉淀法具有工艺简单、高效、操作安全等优势,本文从胺类萃取剂、中性磷类萃取剂、离子液体萃取剂、新型萃取剂四个方面综述了近年来溶剂萃取分离铂的技术研究进展,并对各种溶剂萃取法存在的优缺点进行了评述。胺类萃取剂和中性磷类萃取剂萃取效率高,成本低,已成熟应用于铂的分离提纯,但选择性相对较差。离子液体的研究起步较晚,其选择性好但造价高昂,距离工业化应用还有很长的距离。随着对铂分离提纯技术的要求越来越高,进一步开发高效清洁的新型萃取剂、研究协同萃取体系、简化萃取流程以及改进萃取设备是未来铂萃取分离技术的发展方向。     

Copper solvent extraction from alkaline cyanide solution with guanidine extractant LIX 7950

The use of the guanidine extractant LIX 7950 extracting copper and cyanide from alkaline cyanide solution was investigated.The extraction of copper and cyanide under different initial copper and extractant concentrations was examined and the stoichiometric extraction constant of Cu(CN)32- with LIX 7950 was calculated.Both the distribution coefficient and the stoichiometric extraction constant of Cu(CN)3 2-with LIX 7950 decrease when the temperature is varied from 25℃to 45℃, indicating the extraction process is exothermic.The calculated enthalpy change of the reaction(-HΘ)is about-190 kJ/mol.The copper extraction isotherms under different molar ratios of cyanide to copper are established.The preferential extraction of Cu(CN)32- over Cu(CN)4 3-and CN -has been confirmed and a high cyanide-to-copper molar ratio tends to suppress copper loading. The loaded copper and cyanide can be stripped efficiently by the moderately strong NaOH solutions(0.5-1.0 mol/L)and the presence of NaCN in the stripping solution facilitates copper stripping.     

Extraction of copper from bacterial leach solution using LIX98

1　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｏｌｖｅｎｔｅｘｔｒａｃｔｉｏｎｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄｂｙｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｗｉｎｎｉｎｇ(ＳＸ ＥＷ )ｈａｓｂｅｃｏｍｅａｋｅｙｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｔｈｅｌａｓｔｔｗｏｄｅｃａｄｅｓｆｏｒｒｅｃｏｖｅｒｙｏｆｃｏｐｐｅｒｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｂａ     

用生物技术的钥匙开启矿产资源利用的大门

生物冶金已应用于全球50多个国家和地区。中国在国际上最早建立了基于基因组学的冶金微生物定量化技术,实现了微生物浸矿行为研究由表现型向基因型转变;建立了硫化矿分步氧化的微观化学反应模型,实现了生物冶金研究从宏观到微观的跨越。生物冶金过程强化技术已在海内外得到大规模工业化应用,建立了年处理矿石量达6000万t生物提铜厂;形成了具有自主知识产权的CCGRI生物氧化提金技术,建成了中国黄金行业的第一座高技术产业化示范工程;硫化物包裹类铀矿的铀浸出率提高至96%,使铀矿开采品位从千分之一降低到万分之三。中国生物冶金已处于世界领先地位,可使矿产资源利用率从33%提高到96%,大幅提升中国矿产资源的使用年限。     

盐酸介质中异戊基苯并噻唑亚砜萃取Pd(Ⅱ)的机理

合成了异戊基苯并噻唑亚砜(ABSO),研究了盐酸介质中ABSO萃取Pd(Ⅱ)的机理。考察水相H 浓度和萃取剂浓度对钯萃取的影响,采用斜率法、红外光谱和核磁共振H谱法确定了萃合物的组成及萃取平衡的机理。结果表明:低酸度条件下,H 浓度对钯的分配比无影响,ABSO以中性配位萃取机理萃取Pd(Ⅱ),并通过苯并噻唑环上的氮原子与Pd(Ⅱ)配位形成萃合物PdCl2(ABSO)2。     

浸矿微生物的研究进展

本文综述了主要浸矿微生物的性质、分类地位、培养条件以及在生物冶金方面的应用及研究进展,涉及到的微生物有嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌、嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌、氧化亚铁钩端螺旋菌、硫化叶菌属及硫化芽孢杆菌属.     

Microbial community structure and function in sulfide ore bioleaching systems

The severe current situation facing to minerals processing is that the most minerals are characterized by low-grade, being complex and very hard to deal with. It is necessary to find a new way to solve these questions. Nowadays, biohydrometallurgy draw more and more attention because of its simple process, low cost and kindness to environment. However, the lack of suitable bacteria and hard research on the mechanisms between the bacteria and ores or bacteria in gene level result in the low efficiency and poor yield of the target metal in bioleaching. Therefore, the understanding of the microbial community structure and function in the bioleaching systems is very important for the optimization of microbial community by controlling the operating conditions in bioleaching systems, thus enhancing the leaching rate. A review is given on the achievements and progress related to the study on microbial community structure and function in sulfide ore bioleaching systems made in our research group.     

Separation of nickel, cobalt and copper by solvent extraction with P204

Separation of nickel, cobalt and copper by solvent extraction with P204@钱东@王开毅@潘春跃@唐有根@蔡春林@蒋金枝~~Project ( 99JJY2 0 0 10 )supportedbytheNaturalScienceFoundationofHunanProvince     

合成亚砜BSO萃取钯铂机理研究

研究了合成亚砜BSO萃取Pd、Pt、Cu、Fe和Ni的性能.结果表明低酸度时,Pd2 几乎完全被萃取,其它金属的萃取率极低.钯易于从Pt、Cu、Fe和Ni金属中分离出来,且反萃容易.利用红外光谱研究了BSO萃取Pd和Pt的机理.低酸度时,在钯萃合物的红外光谱中,出现2个新的吸收峰(1122和931cm-1),表明BSO通过硫和氧原子以中性配位机理萃取钯;高酸度时,没有新的红外吸收峰出现,表明BSO以离子缔合机理萃取钯.BSO以离子缔合方式萃取铂.