纳米材料的改性及其在涂料中的应用研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高,传统涂料已经难以满足人们的需求。由于纳米材料具有许多特殊的性能,将其运用到涂料中可以显著提高涂料的性能并赋予涂料新的功能。介绍了纳米材料的几种改性方法,综述了纳米材料在隔热涂料、抗菌涂料、抗老化涂料、防腐涂料和超疏水涂料中的应用并对该领域的研究进行了展望。     

POSS/聚合物纳米复合材料的制备及其在光电材料中的应用

多面体低聚硅倍半氧烷(POSS)是一种新型有机-无机纳米材料。由于其具有优异的光学、电学、力学和热稳定性能,利用具有笼状结构的POSS带有的一个或多个具有反应活性的官能团进行聚合、接枝、表面改性等将POSS引入聚合物分子链段,制备有机/无机纳米复合材料,可以明显改善聚合物的光、电、热等性能。综述了POSS/聚合物纳米复合材料的制备及其在光电材料中的研究进展。     

浅述纳米材料的生产现状及其在化工生产中的应用

本文通过介绍纳米材料的特点及生产现状,阐述了其在化工生产中的应用,纳米科学技术的诞生,将对人类社会产生深远的影响,21世纪将是纳米技术的时代,有可能从根本上解决人类面临的许多问题,特别是能源,人类健康和环境保护等重大问题。     

P(VAc-MMA-DM)阳离子聚合物乳液的合成及其在造纸增强中的应用

以醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)和甲基丙烯酸二甲胺乙酯(DM)为原料,采用无乳化剂乳液聚合法合成出了一系列VAc-MMA-DM阳离子共聚物乳液,测定了此乳液的转化率和稳定性,找到了合成最稳定且转化率最高的VAc-MMA-DM阳离子共聚物乳液的配方和条件;由电镜测得此乳液为球形粒子,粒径约为0.1 μm.将VAc-MMA-DM阳离子共聚物乳液加到竹浆或纸浆中,通过对纸张的环压强度、耐破度、撕裂度等的测定,发现当乳液的用量为1.0%时,其增强性能最好.     

纳米SiO2微球在PMMA凝胶聚合物电解质中的尺寸效应及其在全固态电致变色器件中的应用

本文采用St?ber法制备了不同粒径纳米SiO_2微球,将其加入到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)基凝胶聚合物电解质中,研究了纳米SiO_2的尺寸效应及其对全固态电致变色器件性能的影响。研究发现,正硅酸乙酯和乙醇的体积比影响所得纳米SiO_2微球粒径大小,乙醇所占体积比例越大,制备的纳米SiO_2微球粒径越小。在PMMA基凝胶聚合物电解质中,当纳米SiO_2微球用量相同时,电解质的电化学窗口随着纳米SiO_2微球粒径的减小先增大后减小,离子电导率随纳米SiO_2微球粒径的增大而增大,在纳米SiO_2微球粒径为150 nm时电化学窗口达到最大,离子电导率的增速也变得不明显。当粒径为150 nm的纳米SiO_2微球含量为7wt%时,PMMA凝胶电解质的电化学窗口为4.8 V,电导率为1.13 mS/cm。以该电解质组装结构为:导电玻璃(ITO)‖SiO_2/碳酸丙烯脂(PC)-LiClO_4/PMMA‖金属-超分子聚合物‖ITO的透射式全固态电致变色器件,所得器件可在淡绿色和深蓝色之间变色,对比度高达60.1%,且器件的稳定性得以明显提高。     

遥爪型聚氨酯类聚合物的合成及其在纸张聚氨酯化处理中的应用

研究了甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(TDI)与聚乙二醇400(PEG400)合成TDI-PEG遥爪型聚合物的工艺条件,分析了合成的遥爪型聚合物的添加量与聚氨酯化处理后的滤纸物理性能之间的关系.结果表明:TDI-PEG遥爪型聚合物的合成工艺条件是-NCO与-OH物质的量比为2∶1,反应温度为65℃,反应时间为60min.TDI-PEG遥爪型聚合物的添加量对滤纸的性能有较大影响,TDI-PEG遥爪型聚合物的较合理的添加量为18%,此时滤纸的干抗张强度、耐折度、耐破度和挺度都有大幅度提高,尤其对纸张湿抗张强度的提高最为明显;同时,滤纸还具有良好的透气性能.     

磁性纳米Fe3O4颗粒的表面改性及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用

磁性纳米Fe3O4颗粒(MNP-Fe3O4)作为药物载体在肿瘤治疗领域受到广泛关注。综述了目前MNP-Fe3O4的研究现状,重点阐述了该材料的表面改性目的与改性途径,介绍了MNP-Fe3O4不同载药系统在肿瘤治疗中的应用,并详细阐述了介孔结构的MNP-Fe3O4颗粒作为药物载体的优势,指出了MNP-Fe3O4在肿瘤治疗中仍需解决的问题和发展趋势。     

GO/CS的结构、性能及其在水处理中的应用研究进展

随着现代工业的快速发展,因危险化学品泄漏和溢出造成的水污染已引起全球关注.含重金属、合成染料、芳香族有机物的废水将造成严重的环境、健康和安全问题.吸附法是最经济、快速、有效的水处理方法之一.传统吸附材料(如活性炭、高岭土、聚吡咯等)对某种类型的污染物表现出高去除能力,但对其他类型污染物的去除效率较低,且存在吸附量小、物理力学性能差、可回收性差等缺点,使吸附技术面临巨大的难题和挑战.近年来,石墨烯的研究热潮推动了吸附材料的高速发展,石墨烯优越的性能使氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖(GO/CS)成为备受关注的研究热点之一.比表面积大、活性位点多的GO/CS在吸附性能方面展现出了巨大的潜力.与传统吸附材料不同的是,GO/CS物理力学性能和化学稳定性更高,并可通过结构设计(如石墨烯氧化程度的调整、氧化石墨烯和壳聚糖的改性、交联等)来改善其吸附效果.石墨烯氧化程度的增加有助于提升氧化石墨烯与壳聚糖的相容性和其与被吸附物的静电作用、氢键作用,还原程度的增加则有利于提升π-π相互作用;氧化石墨烯、壳聚糖的改性可改变复合材料表面的电荷性质,有利于吸附性能的提升;交联则有利于提升氧化石墨烯与壳聚糖的相容性,并在一定程度上增强与目标分子或离子的相互作用.GO/CS的结构决定其稳定性,还原程度的增加和交联有助于降低GO/CS的溶胀性并提升其物理力学性能.本文简要介绍了GO/CS的制备方法,探讨了结构控制与GO/CS吸附性能的关系,详细介绍了氧化石墨烯氧化程度的调整、氧化石墨烯和壳聚糖的改性、交联对吸附性能的影响,并对GO/CS的溶胀性和物理力学性能进行了分析,展望了其在水处理领域面临的机遇与挑战.     

MWNTs-TiO2和AC-TiO2复合材料制备及其在染料吸附降解中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸四丁酯为原料,分别以多壁碳纳米管和活性炭为载体,并分别在载体表面上负载纳米TiO2颗粒,制备出碳纳米管-TiO2(MWNTs-TiO2)和活性炭-TiO2(AC-TiO2)两种复合材料。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品进行表征,结果显示,经500℃热处理后,TiO2主要以锐钛矿形式存在,纳米TiO2颗粒均匀的负载于载体的表面。吸附降解的实验结果表明,MWNTs-TiO2和AC-TiO2两种复合材料对活性染料甲基橙吸附降解效果均好于纯纳米TiO2颗粒,而MWNTs-TiO2复合材料的吸附降解效果更好,更适合作为纳米TiO2光催化载体。     

TiO_2/MoS_2复合材料的制备及其在光催化和储能电池中的应用研究进展

TiO_2与MoS_2具有良好的物理和化学性质,但它们在很多领域的应用仍受到自身缺陷的限制。而TiO_2与MoS_2复合后形成的异质结可有效克服两种材料的缺陷、有效提高复合材料的光电属性,进一步提高复合材料作为光催化剂和电极材料的应用性能。综述了包覆型和负载型TiO_2/MoS_2复合材料的制备及其在光催化和储能电池方面的最新研究进展,并对复合材料的应用进行了展望。     

Multifunctional Gd-CuS loaded UCST polymeric micelles for MR/PA imaging-guided chemo-photothermal tumor treatment

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a life-threatening disease for which there is no effective treatment currently.Novel theranostics simultaneously having excellen...     

Self-assembly nanomicelle-microneedle patches with enhanced tumor penetration for superior chemo-photothermal therapy

Nanomedicine with high specificity has been a promising tool for cancer diagnosis and therapy.However,the successful application of nanoparticle-based superfici...     

A self-coated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticle for tumor targeting and chemo-photothermal therapy

Journal of Materials Science - Chemotherapy combined with photothermal therapy, a promising strategy for cancer treatment, has a high potential to control drug release and improve therapeutic...     

可控合成空心多孔氧化硅纳米管/CuS体系应用于化疗-光热靶向治疗

多功能药物载体的设计合成并应用于肿瘤的联合治疗得到了研究人员的广泛关注.本文介绍了一种连接靶向基团的化疗-光热联合治疗纳米平台.首先制备了尺寸可控的平均长度为40、55和150 nm的空心多孔氧化硅纳米管,在表面修饰具有光热功能的硫化铜纳米颗粒,然后连接乳糖酸基团实现肝癌细胞靶向功能.平均长度为40 nm、修饰靶向基团的空心多孔材料显示出良好的生物相容性,且具有最大的HepG2细胞吞噬量.负载盐酸阿霉素的纳米复合材料表现出pH和808 nm近红外激光刺激响应的释放效果.将CuS光热治疗和盐酸阿霉素化疗相结合的方法在体外和体内的抑制肿瘤效果都优于单独治疗.研究结果表明,该纳米复合材料在化疗-光热联合治疗方面具有潜在的应用价值.     

Fabrication of multifunctional polydopamine-coated gold nanobones for PA/CT imaging and enhanced synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy

Multimodal imaging-guided chemo-photothermal therapy is an excellent cancer treatment,which can not only efficiently against tumor,but also can offer precise treatment window and real-time monitoring of the treatment efficiency.In our work,polydopamine(PDA)-coated gold nanobones(AuNBs@PDA nanocomplexes)were designed for this approach.The AuNBs@PDA nanocomplexes have strong absorbance in the near infrared(NIR)region and higher photothermal conversion efficiency(75.48%)than gold nanobones alone,which was facilitated for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy.Besides,the loading efficiency of doxorubicin(DOX)by AuNBs@PDA nanocomplexes could be up to about 70%and DOX release from AuNBs@PDA/DOX nanocomplexes sensitively response to the lower pH environment and NIR laser irradiation,which makes them become the excellent nano-carrier for the delivery of chemotherapy drug.In vitro and in vivo studies showed significant cytotoxicity and antitumor efficacy by the AuNBs@PDA/DOX nanoplatform with negligible side effects.Meanwhile,the nanoplatform was also successfully employed for computed tomography(CT)imaging,attributing to the high atomic number and high X-ray attenuation coefficient of gold.Therefore,we believed that the proposed PDA-coated gold nanobones would be a novel multifunctional theranostic nanoagent to realize the PA/CT imaging-guided chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer.     

Synthetic polymeric vectors in gene therapy

The synthetic polymer vectors in gene therapy have opened a very prospective field for research in gene therapy and the area in the use of these synthetic polymers as vectors in targeting oncogenes is developing very fast. With the completion of Human Genome Project, the list of genetic targets is growing very fast. These diseases sparked the initiative to create such gene based therapeutics. The low levels of transfection and expression of the gene held non-viral methods are at a disadvantage; however, recent advances in vector technology have yielded molecules and techniques with transfection efficiencies, similar to those of viruses. Amongst these synthetic polymers, polyethylenimine (PEI) and the poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers and poly(β-amino ester) are used extensively as vectors in gene therapy.     

Synergistic cytotoxicity of low-energy ultrasound and innovative mesoporous silica-based sensitive nanoagents

Low-energy ultrasound (LEUS) shows distinct potential as a safe therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Herein, mesoporous silica nanoparticles with closed-end cavities as sensitive nanoagents are prepared for effective cancer cell killing, when synergistically combined with mild LEUS (1 MHz, ≤1.0 W cm^?2). The closed-end cavities can entrap gas bubbles, and provide a large number of cavitation nucleation sites, which could lead to drastically amplify ultrasonic cavitation effect by responding to the mild LEUS (1 MHz, ≤1.0 W cm^?2). Significant killing effect against cancer cells is observed, when cells are treated by synergetic combination of mild LEUS and the nanoagents with closed-end cavities, showing distinct dose dependency on the nanoagents and irradiation intensity. Nevertheless, the killing effect is disappeared when the closed-end cavities are destructed. Moreover, no obvious cytotoxicity is observed when either the nanoagents or the LEUS is applied alone. The research may open up application opportunities of mild low-energy ultrasound for cancer therapy.     

SN-38 loaded polymeric micelles to enhance cancer therapy

7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) loaded poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (Pluronic F-108) and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-b-PCL) nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a modified film hydration method and characterized by scanning electric microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Satisfactory drug loading of 20.73 ± 0.66% and a high encapsulation efficiency of 83.83 ± 1.32% were achieved. The SN-38 nanoparticles (SN-38 NPs) can completely disperse into a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) medium to produce a clear aqueous suspension that remains stable for up to three days. Total drug releases were 67.91% and 91.09% after 24 h in a PBS or fetal bovine serum (FBS) medium. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) tests of SN-38 and SN-38 NPs on A549 lung cells produced results of 200.0 ± 14.9 ng ml(-1) and 80.0 ± 4.6 ng ml(-1), respectively. Similarly, IC(50) tests of SN-38 and SN-38 NPs on MCF-7 breast cells yielded results of 16.0 ± 0.7 ng ml(-1) and 8.0 ± 0.5 ng ml(-1), respectively. These in vitro IC(50) studies show significant (p < 0.01) enhancement of the SN-38 NP drug efficiency in killing cancer cells in comparison to the free drug SN-38 control. All the materials used for this nanoformulation are approved by the US FDA, with the virtue of extremely low toxicity to normal cells.     

Smart tetrazole-based antibacterial nanoparticles as multifunctional drug carriers for cancer combination therapy

Due to multidrug resistance of cancer tissues and immune-suppression of cancerous patients during chemotherapy in one hand and the use of tetrazole derivatives in medicine because of its anticancer, antifungal, and antiviral properties, on the other, we were encouraged to design novel smart antibacterial nanocomposites-based polymer of tetrazole as dual anticancer drug delivery systems. The structures of nanocomposites characterized by FTIR, ¹H NMR, FESEM-EDX, and TGA analyzes and antibacterial activity of smart carriers were evaluated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against some bacteria and fungi. Then, the pH-responsive manner of both nanocomposites was proved by checking their release profiles at pH of the physiological environment (pH 7.4) and pH of tumor tissues (mildly acidic). Finally, the potential antitumoral activity of these nanocomposite systems against MCF7 cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay and cell cycle studies. The results demonstrated that the novel developed nanocomposites not only meet our expectations about simultaneous release of two anticancer drugs according to the predicted profile but also showed antibacterial and anticancer properties in vitro experimental. Moreover, it was proved that these carriers have tremendous potential in multifunctional drug delivery in cancer therapy.     

Composite polymeric magnetic nanoparticles for co-delivery of hydrophobic and hydrophilic anticancer drugs and MRI imaging for cancer therapy

Exercising complementary roles of polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles for precise drug delivery and image contrast agents has attracted significant attention in biomedical applications. The objective of this study was to prepare and characterize magnetic nanoparticles embedded in polylactide-co-glycolide matrixes (PLGA-MNPs) as a dual drug delivery and imaging system capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. PLGA-MNPs were capable of encapsulating both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs in a 2:1 ratio. Biocompatibility, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, membrane potential, and apoptosis were carried out in two different cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and PANC-1). The molecular basis of induction of apoptosis was validated by Western blotting analysis. For targeted delivery of drugs, targeting ligand such as Herceptin was used, and such a conjugated system demonstrated enhanced cellular uptake and an augmented synergistic effect in an in vitro system when compared with native drugs. Magnetic resonance imaging was carried out both in vitro and in vivo to assess the efficacy of PLGA-MNPs as contrast agents. PLGA-MNPs showed a better contrast effect than commercial contrast agents due to higher T(2) relaxivity with a blood circulation half-life ～ 47 min in the rat model. Thus, our results demonstrated the dual usable purpose of formulated PLGA-MNPs toward either, in therapeutics by delivering different hydrophobic or hydrophilic drugs individually or in combination and imaging for cancer therapeutics in the near future.