一种低表面能氟硅改性环氧涂层对北原油的防结蜡效果

油田管道防结蜡用单一树脂涂层的附着力、硬度及耐蚀性较差.采用低表面能氟硅改性环氧涂层,并进行防结蜡试验研究,对影响结蜡的因素进行考察,并对防结蜡效果进行评价.结果表明:氟硅改性环氧涂层的防结蜡效果明显优于市售某低表面能涂料涂层;当氟硅聚合物(FS-1)含量5％时,在原油搅拌速度600 r/min,油温40℃,壁温25 ℃条件下,氟硅改性环氧涂层对七里村和英旺原油防结蜡率分别为69.2％和66.8％,而某市售涂料涂层防结蜡率仅为47.1％和45.8％.     

化学蚀刻法制备纳米硅线作为高能锂离子电池的负极

采用金属催化剂诱导化学蚀刻法首先在单晶硅片上制备出具有高长径比的纳米硅线阵列, 然后通过超声振荡法将硅线阵列破碎为纳米硅线粉体, 最后将其作为锂离子电池的负极材料, 系统研究了金属银催化剂制备过程和各向异性化学蚀刻过程对硅片表面形貌特征的影响, 发现银催化剂在蚀刻过程出现溶解/再沉积现象。通过优化AgNO₃、HF、H₂O₂等试剂的浓度, 在大面积范围内得到了高长径比的纳米硅线阵列。借助超声波的作用将硅线从硅片上切割下来, 制备成纳米硅线负极进行了充放电循环测试, 观察到标准的硅锂合金/去合金化反应平台, 前五次循环的比容量均超过1800 mAh/g。     

低表面处理改性环氧铝粉涂层的性能

为了获得结合力强、耐蚀性好的低表面处理涂层,在表面处理等级为St2的16MnR钢表面制备同等厚度的低表面处理改性环氧铝粉涂层、环氧富锌涂层和醇酸涂层.采用附着力测试仪测试3种涂层的结合强度,采用盐雾腐蚀及电化学阻抗谱测试3种涂层的耐蚀性.结果表明:当表面处理等级为St2时,低表面处理改性环氧铝粉涂层与16MnR钢基体的结合强度约为环氧富锌涂层的1.5倍,是醇酸涂层的2.0倍;低表面处理改性环氧铝粉涂层比其他2种涂层具有更好的耐蚀性,主要表现在该涂层具有良好的抗渗透性,对腐蚀介质的屏蔽作用更强.     

煤制油碱性水储罐内表面无溶剂改性环氧防腐蚀涂料涂层的制备及其性能

煤直接液化制油工艺碱性含硫污水储罐内壁的腐蚀特征复杂,内防腐蚀涂层脱落问题是储罐设备安全的隐患,同时也是制约装置长周期运行的瓶颈。以纳米二氧化硅改性环氧树脂、有机硅环氧杂化树脂与双酚A环氧树脂复配,制备无溶剂改性环氧涂料,用于直接液化制油工艺碱性含硫污水储罐内壁的防腐蚀,并在A3钢表面制备无溶剂改性环氧防腐蚀涂层,采用相关标准测试其性能。结果表明:采用纳米二氧化硅改性环氧树脂可以明显改善无溶剂防腐蚀涂料涂层的耐冲击强度、柔韧性以及交联度;硅烷偶联剂与二氧化硅改性环氧涂料使涂层附着力保持时间明显延长;有机硅环氧杂化树脂可以有效改善涂层抗腐蚀介质渗透能力,有机硅环氧杂化树脂与纳米二氧化硅改性环氧树脂则可以极大地减轻涂层表面和涂层本体在腐蚀性介质中的破坏程度,延长防腐蚀涂层使用寿命,满足煤制油工艺中碱性水储罐的防腐蚀要求。     

改性纳米氧化锆与水性聚氨酯复合涂层的防腐蚀性能

为了改进纳米氧化锆(ZrO_2)在涂料中的分散性,以丙酮为介质,用3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(APS)对纳米ZrO_2进行了改性,并在镀锡板表面制备了改性纳米ZrO_2/水性聚氨酯(WPU)复合涂层。通过扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、红外光谱、电化学测试、盐雾腐蚀、附着力测试等技术,研究了WPU与不同含量改性纳米ZrO_2复合涂层的防腐蚀性能。结果表明:改性纳米ZrO_2的含量为0.2%(质量分数)时,在WPU中的团聚现象消失,分散性良好,该复合涂层具有优良的耐蚀性和较大的附着力。     

泡沫碳化硅陶瓷表面纳米多孔碳化硅涂层的制备

利用硅改性树脂中硅元素和碳元素分子级均匀分散的特征,以硅改性树脂为涂层原料,在泡沫碳化硅陶瓷表面原位生成了多孔碳化硅活性涂层。在加入适量活性炭颗粒的条件下,在泡沫碳化硅陶瓷表面得到了性能良好的纳米碳化硅涂层,适合作为催化剂载体。相反,在没有活性炭颗粒加入的情况下,所得涂层龟裂、结合强度低,且碳化硅团聚成片,比表面积小。     

银/还原氧化石墨烯负载聚丙烯熔喷非织造材料的制备及抗菌抗静电性能

为了赋予聚丙烯(PP)熔喷非织造材料良好的抗菌和抗静电性能,使其在医疗卫生等领域得到更广泛的应用,首先利用聚多巴胺(PDA)和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)对PP熔喷非织造材料进行表面改性得到P-PP,再通过微波辅助法负载银/还原氧化石墨烯(Ag/rGO)得到了Ag/rGO-P-PP复合熔喷非织造材料。同时制备了单独负载rGO、Ag的rGO-P-PP、AgP-PP和未经表面改性处理的Ag/rGO-PP材料。通过对复合材料的结构和性能表征,表明Ag/rGO成功负载到P-PP熔喷非织造材料的表面,得到的复合材料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均大于99.99%,表面电阻率达到1.77kΩ,半衰期达到0.01 s。与rGO-P-PP、Ag-P-PP和Ag/rGO-PP相比,Ag/rGO-P-PP减少了纳米Ag的团聚,负载较均匀,抗菌和抗静电效果也最佳。     

贻贝仿生构建聚乳酸多层复合薄膜及其性能

为了提高聚乳酸(PLA)薄膜的抗菌性、紫外光屏蔽等活性包装功能,本工作受到贻贝仿生学原理启发,利用多巴胺(DA)在PLA薄膜表面发生氧化自聚形成聚多巴胺(PDA)涂层(PLA-P),再利用PDA的儿茶酚基团将Ag+还原成Ag纳米粒子(AgNPs)负载在PDA上( PLA-PA),进一步接枝上氟硅烷(PLA-PAF),从而成功制备出PLA多层复合薄膜,并研究了不同涂层对PLA多层复合薄膜结构和性能的影响.结果表明,PLA多层复合薄膜的表面涂层结构致密,AgNPs均匀负载在PLA上,尺寸约为65 nm,表面质量分数达到38%;相比纯PLA薄膜,PLA-PAF的拉伸强度(99. 1 MPa)和断裂伸长率(16. 1% )仅分别降低了5. 9%和7. 5% ,热稳定性略微提高,水接触角达到117. 8°,疏水性得到显著提高;PLA基材经过原位还原负载AgNPs和接枝氟硅烷之后,PLA-PAF的抗菌率达到了99. 5% ,紫外光屏蔽性显著提高,而且由于其较好的疏水性,在实际使用时能够减少细菌的黏附和滋生,进一步提升抗菌活性.相比完全采用成本较高的AgNPs单一抗菌改性,基于贻贝仿生改性的抗菌涂层将在PLA活性包装领域具有较好的研究意义.     

NiTi合金表面液相阴极等离子体沉积氧化铝陶瓷涂层的研究

在NiTi合金表面通过液相阴极等离子体技术制备了氧化铝(Al2O3)陶瓷涂层。采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜对涂层的相组成以及表面形貌进行了表征和分析,证实在材料表面形成了由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3组成的涂层,发现涂层具有粗糙多孔结构。在模拟体液中对NiTi合金的Ni离子释放情况进行了检测,发现液相阴极等离子体改性后显著降低了Ni离子的释放。为NiTi合金植入体的表面改性提供了一条新途径。     

聚碳酸酯表面铬酸预处理对涂层附着性能影响

聚碳酸酯材料表面呈惰性,不利于涂料的完全润湿和界面化学键的结合.为增强聚碳酸酯材料表面的涂层流平性能和附着性能,本文利用铬酸湿化学方法对聚碳酸酯透明材料进行表面预处理,测试预处理前后聚碳酸酯的表面能、元素组成、表面形貌以及应力-溶剂银纹,研究预处理对聚碳酸酯表面性能的影响.结果表明,铬酸的强氧化作用使聚碳酸酯表面产生了羰基、磺酸基及羧基3种含氧极性基团,增加了基材表面粗糙度和润湿性能.通过拉开法和涂层/基材界面扫描电镜两种方法比较了铬酸预处理对耐磨涂层附着性能的影响,研究发现,受涂层与PC之间界面共价键及机械锚接作用力,预处理后涂层附着性能明显增强.涂层附着力与铬酸处理时间密切相关,而较长时间处理会降低PC表面抗应力-溶剂银纹性能,实验表明在不损失材料抗银纹性能前提下,铬酸预处理5 min可以显著提高涂层附着力.     

Antibacterial coatings for medical devices based on glass polyalkenoate cement chemistry

A biofilm is an accumulation of micro-organisms and their extracellular products forming a structured community on a surface. Biofilm formation on medical devices has severe health consequences as bacteria growing in this lifestyle are tolerant to both host defense mechanisms and antibiotic therapies. However, silver and zinc ions inhibit the attachment and proliferation of immature biofilms. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether it is possible to produce silver and zinc-containing glass polyalkenoate cement (GPC) coatings for medical devices that have antibacterial activity and which may therefore inhibit biofilm formation on a material surface. Two silver and zinc-containing GPC coatings (A and B) were synthesised and coated onto Ti6Al4V discs. Their handling properties were characterised and atomic absorption spectrometery was employed to determine zinc and silver ion release with coating maturation up to 30 days. The antibacterial properties of the coatings were also evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using an agar diffusion assay method. The majority of the zinc and silver ions were released within the first 24 h; both coatings exhibited antibacterial effect against the two bacterial strains, but the effect was more intense for B which contained more silver and less zinc than A. Both coatings produced clear zones of inhibition with each of the two organisms tested. In this assay, Ps. aeruginosa was more sensitive than S. aureus. The diameters of these zones were reduced after the coating had been immersed in water for varying periods due to the resultant effect on ion release.     

Fabrication of hollow silver spheres by MPTMS-functionalized hollow silica spheres as templates

In this study, we provide a strategy to prepare the hollow silver spheres by accumulating the silver nanoparticles on the surface of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS)-functionalized silica as templates, which was accomplished by the chemisorption between silver nanoparticles and thiol groups. Then, the resulting hollow silver spheres were obtained through the chemical wet etching process with 10 M HF solution. In conventional method, the fabrication of hollow silver spheres from core-shell spheres was not easy due to the difficulties in retaining the shell structures during core removal. The method in this paper could overcome this limitation. The major focus of study is on understanding the mechanism of formation of the hollow silver spheres through the self-assembly behavior by chemisorption between silver nanoparticles and thiol groups. The silver-coated silica and hollow silver spheres were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HR-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).     

Effect of aluminum on the formation of silver metal quantum dots in sol-gel derived alumino-silicate glass film

The effect of aluminum incorporation on silver metal quantum dots formation in the alumino-silicate glass film processed by sol-gel process was investigated. The sol-gel derived glass was coated onto the silica glass plate by spin coating with the mixture solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), C2H5OH, H2O, AgNO3, Al(NO3)3. 39H2O, and HNO3 with the molar ratios of Ag/Si = 0.12 and Al/Si varying from 0 to 0.12. The formation of the silver metal quantum dots was confirmed by the measurements of the UV/VIS optical spectra, the X-ray diffraction patterns, and the transmission electron microscope images. While the radius of silver metal quantum dots increased with the increase of aluminum concentration, the concentration of the silver metal quantum dots decreased. The formation of the silver metal quantum dots was found strongly suppressed by incorporation of aluminum ions in the glass. The change in the glass structure due to the aluminum incorporation was investigated by the analysis of the Raman spectra. The silver ions in the glass contributed to form stable (Al:Ag)O4 tetrahedra by pairing with aluminum ions and thus clustering of silver metal quantum dots was hindered.     

Conical microlens arrays that flatten optical-irradiance profiles of nonuniform sources

One can create conical microlens arrays on a glass plate by simply spin coating spin-on-glass film on the glass, patterning the photoresist, and then etching the glass in a HF solution. These arrays can be used to obtain more-uniform irradiance profiles from nonuniform incoherent sources.     

Preparation and characterisation of silver nanoparticle coated on cellulose paper: evaluation of their potential as antibacterial water filter

This study investigates the ability of cellulose filter paper coated with silver nanoparticles to remove Escherichia coli from drinking water. The cellulose filter paper was coated with silver nanoparticles by a chemical reduction method using two different ratios of sodium borohydride and silver nitrate. In consideration of drinking-water quality standards and non-carcinogenic health risks, the optimum sodium borohydride:silver nitrate ratio for coating the cellulose filter paper was determined by comparing the silver in the effluent after E. coli removal. For both ratios, 100% E. coli removal was realised. In terms of the silver in the effluent, only the first two lowest concentrations for both ratios of sodium borohydride and silver nitrate were compliant with the drinking-water quality standards, demonstrating hazard quotients (HQs) between 0.084 and 0.484. On the basis of the highest level of E. coli removal with the lowest HQ value, the optimum sodium borohydride:silver nitrate ratio for coating the cellulose filter paper as an antibacterial water filter was 2:1 molar ratio (0.002 M:0.001 M). Silver nanoparticle-coated cellulose filter paper was found to be an inexpensive and easy-to-use emergency antibacterial water filter to generate clean drinking water.     

Effective diffraction gratings via acidic etching of thermally poled glass

Relief diffraction gratings are formed via acidic chemical etching of a periodically poled soda-lime glass. The thermal poling under 1000 V DC is performed at 325 °C using a thermally stable glassy-carbon anodic electrode with periodic grooves, the depth of the grooves being of ∼650 nm. Poling-induced modification of the glass results in deepening the glass anodic surface in the regions under the ribs of the anodic electrode due to volume relaxation and in increasing chemical durability of these regions in acidic media comparatively to the virgin glass. Chemical etching of the poled glass in NH₄F:8H₂O solution allows additional to the thermal poling shaping of the glass surface via faster dissolution of unpoled/less poled glass regions. The morphology of the glass surface before and after the etching is characterized with atomic force and scanning electron microscopy. About 30 min etching provides the formation of ∼0.9 μm in height relief diffraction gratings with the diffraction efficiency close to the theoretically achievable ∼30% for multi-order diffraction. In vivo measuring of the diffraction efficiency in the course of the etching allows precise fabrication of the gratings.     

Depositing silver nanoparticles on/in a glass slide by the sonochemical method

A glass substrate was coated with silver by ultrasound irradiation. The structure and morphology of the nanoparticles in the deposited film were characterized using methods such as XRD, TEM, HR TEM, HRSEM, AFM, TOF-SIMS and optical spectroscopy. It was demonstrated that nucleation and the ensuing growth of the nanoparticles occurs in solution and is influenced by the concentration of the precursor, temperature and time of sonication. TOF-SIMS measurements revealed that silver nanoparticles passed through the glass interface and diffused within the glass substrate up to ～60?nm. An analysis of the thermal effects accompanying the sonochemical cavitation of micro-bubbles in the solution near the solid surfaces shows that the collision of nanoparticles can lead to their melting and coalescence. Sonochemical deposition takes place layer by layer, so that the completion of the deposition of each layer of nanoparticles is followed by the sintering of adjacent particles and the formation of a close-packed layer. Using PVP as a stabilizing agent, a monolayer coating of silver nanoparticles on the glass surface was obtained. The coated glass demonstrated antibacterial activity.     

静电喷涂制备抗菌夹心净化材料及其抗菌性能

为解决净化过滤用静电纺纤维在使用过程中容易受到微生物和残留有机物二次污染的问题,将电纺尼龙6(PA6)纤维、玻璃纤维与涂覆硅凝胶的工业滤布热压成型,采用静电喷涂技术将纳米TiO2沉积于净化材料的表面,制备出具有良好抗菌性能的夹心净化材料。扫描电镜(SEM)测试表明,喷涂的TiO2负载于纳米纤维的表面;X射线衍射(XRD)测试表明,喷涂后的纳米TiO2的晶型(锐钛型)未发生改变;抗菌测试结果表明,材料整体的杀菌率可达98.74%。     

The size control of silver nanocrystals with different polyols and its application to low-reflection coating materials

The size of silver nanocrystals in polyol synthesis can be simply controlled by tuning the viscosity of the reaction medium such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol and 1,5-pentanediol. We found that a higher viscose medium (1,5-pentanediol) led to monodispersed smaller particles thanks to the slow addition of silver atoms into the nuclei. Size-controlled silver nanocrystals of 30 nm were obtained in a viscosity controlled medium of 1,5-pentanediol to synthesize a low refractive index filler by coating with silica and subsequent etching of the silver core. The coated low-reflection layer from the hollow silica nanoparticles on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film can greatly reduce the reflection of the PET film from 10% to 2% over the entire visible region.     

Antibacterial and anti-adhesion effects of the silver nanoparticles-loaded poly(l-lactide) fibrous membrane

The complications of tendon injury are frequently compromised by peritendinous adhesions and tendon sheath infection. Physical barriers for anti-adhesion may increase the incidence of postoperative infection. This study was designed to evaluate the potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)-loaded poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) electrospun fibrous membranes to prevent adhesion formation and infection. Results of an in vitro drug release study showed that a burst release was followed by sustained release from electrospun fibrous membranes with a high initial silver content. Fewer fibroblasts adhered to and proliferated on the AgNP-loaded PLLA electrospun fibrous membranes compared with pure PLLA electrospun fibrous membrane. In the antibacterial test, the AgNP-loaded PLLA electrospun fibrous membranes can prevent the adhesion of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Taken together, these results demonstrate that AgNP-loaded PLLA electrospun fibrous membranes have the convenient practical medical potential of reduction of infection and adhesion formation after tendon injury.