Case study of the energy transition: Pueblo,Colorado

Pueblo, Colorado is undergoing a major transformation towards becoming a clean energy hub, with lessons for the whole country. The transition began as the community started to move away from its steel- and coal-based economy to found jobs and economic salvation in a diversified industry. We consider the evolution of the city’s relationship with energy and manufacturing, and conclude with some lessons learned about partnership, government engagement, utility collaboration, and energy transition leadership.     

Contours of the energy transition: Investment by international oil and gas companies in renewable energy

International oil and gas companies are deploying a range of strategies to invest in renewable energy technologies and projects. By now, the IOCs have become substantive players in the renewables market, lending their scale and business expertise to deploying clean energy. But they have seen mixed success in their efforts thus far, and the models IOCs choose to follow as they become interested in deploying renewables are still emerging.     

Development prospects of wind energy in the Russian energy complex

This study examines the development prospects of wind energy in the Russian energy complex. At present, the wind energy potential of Russia is huge, so any wind power plants, both large and small, are an alternative industry of the state's energy, which is quite extensive. The purpose of this study is to identify promising areas for the development of power plants that use wind energy in their work in Russia, as well as specific measures for the development of these areas. The leading approach in this study is a combination of a systematic analysis of the main development aspects of wind energy in Russia as a separate energy industry with an analytical study of the current development prospects of this industry. The main results of this study are an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of wind power plants regarding the prospects for their implementation in the Russian energy complex and a numerical assessment of the introduction results of this energy source. The prospects for further research in this area are determined by the increasing need of the Russian economy in the development and practical application of alternative energy sources, one of which is wind, as well as the availability of this energy source and its environmental safety. The applied value of this study lies in the possibility of the practical application of the obtained results in order to accelerate the processes of introducing wind energy into the Russian energy system.     

Modeling strategic objectives and behavior in the transition of the energy Sector to inform policymaking

Transitioning the energy sector to zero or net-zero emission of greenhouse gasses (GHG) and substantially reducing other pollutants is a massive, costly, and long-term effort. The typical starting point and centerpiece of energy decarbonization is the electric power sector. The sector is a large direct GHG emitter. It already has many technological, non-carbon emitting alternatives that are rapidly declining in capital and operating costs and improving in performance, making electricity the least expensive and accessible energy carrier to decarbonize. This paper explores what the modeling community should do to inform this transition. The underpinning premise of this paper is that policymakers genuinely want to be informed from the modeling community about their range of options, their ability to achieve various objectives, and possible unintended outcomes. Since the goal of the modeling community is to help inform policymaking, it is important that they hear the needs of policymakers, be it economic, technological, or social goals.     

贵州天然气分布式能源发展前景

在分析贵州省能源分布与发展概况的基础上,以我省能源以及电力工业十二五发展规划为导向,指出未来我省将面临严峻的节能减排任务,而能源供应问题特别是电力供需矛盾将日益突出,并由此预见了我省天然气分布式能源的发展机遇。     

U.S. energy,climate and nuclear power policy in the 21st century: The primacy of national security

This paper analyzes global and regional energy and CO₂ trends and concludes: 1) Domestic U.S. policies alone will not insulate the U.S. from the impacts of climate change; 2) The U.S. should triage climate change as a global threat by focusing on regions where CO₂ emissions are most acute; and 3) The U.S. civilian nuclear enterprise should be elevated in U.S. energy and climate policy in order to meet global climate and national security objectives.     

基于供需能量平衡的用户侧综合能源系统电/热储能设备综合优化配置

针对智慧城市背景下用户侧综合能源系统中电/热储能综合优化配置问题研究不足的现状,从供需能量平衡角度出发,考虑电能替代和冷/热/电耦合,建立了综合能源系统中储能设备的综合优化配置模型?采用K-means聚类算法对用户侧的用能需求进行分析并归纳出典型场景。储能配置考虑典型日系统运行优化调度。以综合能源系统年运行费用最低为目标建立电/热储能综合配置优化模型。约束条件考虑了供需平衡?冷/热/电耦合、电能替代、设备安装运行等多种影响因素。优化变量为电/热储能设备的容量以及系统典型场景内设备调度值?算例分析表明所提方法合理可行,在保障系统运行安全性和可靠性的基础上具有明显的经济性。考虑电能替代不仅有利于环境保护,而且可以降低储能配置成本?     

Operational optimization of a building-level integrated energy system considering additional potential benefits of energy storage

As a key component of an integrated energy system (IES), energy storage can effectively alleviate the problem of the times between energy production and consumption. Exploiting the benefits of energy storage can improve the competitiveness of multi-energy systems. This paper proposes a method for day-ahead operation optimization of a building-level integrated energy system (BIES) considering additional potential benefits of energy storage. Based on the characteristics of peak-shaving and valley-filling of energy storage, and further consideration of the changes in the system’s load and real-time electricity price, a model of additional potential benefits of energy storage is developed. Aiming at the lowest total operating cost, a bi-level optimal operational model for day-ahead operation of BIES is developed. A case analysis of different dispatch strategies verifies that the addition of the proposed battery scheduling strategy improves economic operation. The results demonstrate that the model can exploit energy storage’s potential, further optimize the power output of BIES and reduce the economic cost.     

加强用电需求侧科学化管理提高用电检查管理水平

论述了运用用电需求侧管理方法,以提高供电企业管理水平.提出建立完善的大客户基础资料,实行大客户项目经理制,优化预购电方式电费回收,加强入网电力工程市场的管理.     

A review and future prospects of renewable energy in the global energy system

Global energy consumption in the last half century has rapidly increased and is expected to continue to grow over the next 50 years,however,with significant differences.The past increase was stimulated by relatively "cheap" fossil fuels and increased rates of industrialization in North America,Europe and Japan;yet while energy consumption in these countries continues to increase,additional factors make the picture for the next 50 years more complex.These additional complicating factors include China and India's rapid increase in energy use as they represent about a third of the world's population;the expected depletion of oil resources in the near future;and,the effect of human activities on global climate change.On the positive side,the renewable energy(RE) technologies of wind,bio-fuels,solar thermal and photovoltaics(PV) are finally showing maturity and the ultimate promise of cost competitiveness.     

碳中和目标下的能源系统转型与变革：多能流协同技术

近年来全球多个国家提出了碳中和战略目标,能源系统的转型与变革已迫在眉睫.在能源系统低碳化转型路径中,高比例新能源渗透充当了极为重要的战略角色,且各能源系统之间的转型呈现相辅相成、协同发展的趋势.一方面,新能源可通过电转气、电转热、电制氢等能源耦合设备分别为天然气、热力、交通侧等负荷提供绿色能源供应,终端用能的电气化改善了终端能源结构;另一方面,多能源系统的灵活性及多能互补性为间歇性新能源并网的消纳提供了支撑.为此,综述了面向碳中和目标的能源系统转型与变革的多能流协同技术,介绍了高比例新能源渗透下的多能流协同技术,剖析了支撑新能源并网的多能源市场机制设计,最后归纳总结了未来能源系统转型与变革面临的核心挑战.     

Evaluation of the reduction in CO2 emissions by applying Micro‐Grid to home energy supply system

Dispersed generators such as wind power systems, photovoltaic systems, and cogeneration systems are expected to mitigate the environmental burden of energy consumption, and their installation has been promoted recently. Micro‐Grid is focused on as a method to solve some problems in a commercial electric power line when installing a large number of dispersed generators, and some demonstrative research on Micro‐Grid for large‐scale systems is being carried out now. Also, small cogeneration systems for houses, such as gas engines and fuel cells, are expected to improve CO₂ emissions. However, if the power and heat demand of a family are relatively small or are unbalanced, the cogeneration system does not operate effectively. The authors have studied the application of Micro‐Grid for home energy supply, and have developed a control system to solve this problem. The system achieves a reduction of CO₂ emissions and energy costs by sharing electric power and heat among some houses with cogeneration systems. This paper presents an outline of the newly developed system, and in particular describes the effect of the reduction in CO₂ emissions compared with a conventional energy supply method, and the case in which dispersed generators are installed in some houses and operate independently. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(3): 19–27, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20879     

The role of energy efficiency in a distributed energy future

Many state regulatory commissions are engaged in proceedings to modernize the electric grid. These proceedings include a heavy focus on updating system planning processes to reflect growth in distributed generation and other technological advances. This essay examines current distribution system and distributed resource planning. We analyze how states are incorporating energy efficiency into these plans, focusing on states that are actively using efficiency as a resource.     

云南省分布式供能系统发展潜力分析

发展分布式供能系统是缓解能源紧张、促进节能减排、提高电网供电安全性和削峰填谷能力的重要举措。通过对工业园区和医院的用能特点分析,得到分布式供能系统潜在应用场所应具备的用能条件;在情景分析法的基础上提出了一种新的分布式供能系统发展潜力的预测分析方法;根据云南省的经济和电耗特点并借鉴国外发展经验,设计了9个情景,并利用文中提出的预测分析方法对云南省的分布式供能系统的发展潜力进行分析。     

考虑供需匹配特性的冷热电联供系统运行策略研究

针对以电定热和以热定电运行策略能量冗余以及混合热电运行策略能源不足的特性,在热电负荷平衡运行策略的基础上,提出了改进的热电负荷平衡运行策略。以北方某酒店为研究对象,并以最大化能源利用率为目标对系统的装机容量进行了优化,同时提出了能源综合指数,研究了在5种运行策略下购买能量和冗余能量对系统性能的影响。然后分析了在不同运行策略下系统的供需匹配特性和改进的热电负荷平衡策略下系统的能量平衡关系。最后,通过算例探究了改进的热电负荷平衡策略对提高系统经济性的作用,并经过对比分析验证了研究的合理性与有效性。研究结果表明,与其他4种运行策略相比,改进的热电负荷平衡运行策略下系统的能源利用率分别提高了4.3%、4.38%、4.75%、4.73%;能源综合指数分别降低了6.58%、5.96%、2.23%、3.45%;系统的年总成本分别降低了11.65%、2.74%、1.64%、0.74%。其中,改进的热电负荷平衡策略下系统的供需匹配性能最优(为0.9382)。     

省级电力系统全清洁能源供电潜力评估

促进电力能源结构绿色化、低碳化、环保化是未来能源建设与解决全球性环境问题的关键。针对清洁能源供电潜力评估问题,首先分析了清洁能源对电力系统运行的影响以及制约清洁能源发展的核心因素。然后研究了广域时空尺度下多类型电源协调互动的电力系统运行模拟方法,并针对清洁能源供电潜力构建特定的评估指标体系。在此基础上,以改进的我国某省实际电力系统为例,对比分析了不同评估维度下清洁能源供电潜力。算例结果表明,所提方法可以有效地应用于省级电力系统清洁能源供电潜力的评估。     

基于我国能源供需格局的运输体系综合管理研究

分析了我国能源供需格局,研究了进行能源与环境资源优化配置的必要性。全面阐述了一次能源运输体系的现状及主要问题,并进一步提出了相关优化管理的建议措施。为提高我国能源供需的综合管理水平,优化能源供需格局,提供分析基础和实践依据。     

Evaluation of the introduction of a micro‐cogeneration system into residential houses based on monitored daily‐basis energy demand data

In order to reduce CO₂ emission from residential sectors in Japan, PEFC with high efficiency and low environmental impact is expected as one of the promising micro‐cogeneration (µCGS) systems. However, the energy demands in houses largely differ from each other and the profiles are also changed every day. Thus, when µCGS is actually introduced, it is necessary to examine the equipment capacity and operation of µCGS in each house. In this paper, the optimization model is developed in order to evaluate the µCGS based on daily‐basis demand data. Using actually monitored energy demand data in four households, the differences between using daily‐basis data and using the monthly‐average data are evaluated from viewpoints of economic and environmental performance of µCGS systems. Moreover, by adding the penalty factor to disposal heat of µCGS, it is seen that system configuration and system operation of µCGS can attain CO₂ reduction and energy conservation as well as cost reduction. ©2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(4): 20–30, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20653     

我国中远期石油补充与替代能源发展战略研究(续)

发展石油补充与替代能源对满足日益增长的石油需求和保障国家能源安全均有着重大意义.中国科学院学部组织有关院士及专家进行了我国中远期能源发展战略的研究.研究了我国的石油资源,预测了需求和产能,阐明了发展补充与替代能源的必要性.在发展替代燃料方面,研究了非常规石油开发,用煤和天然气制取燃料和用生物质制取燃料的有关进展与展望.在交通节油方面,研究了发展节油的综合交通体系,电气化轨道交通,节能、代用燃料与电动车辆,以及燃料电池与动力蓄电池的有关进展与展望.简要叙述了有关结论与建议.