淬回火工艺对马氏体不锈钢3Cr17Mo组织和力学性能的影响

试验研究了960~1140℃淬火、200~650℃回火工艺对成分(%)为0.39C,16.73Cr,1.07Mo,0.25V,0.09Cu的塑料模具用马氏体不锈钢3Cr17Mo组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,3Cr17Mo钢的淬火组织为板条马氏体+铁素体+(Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆碳化物;经1000~1060℃淬火、260~300℃或550~600℃回火后,3Cr17Mo钢具有良好的综合力学性能。     

调质工艺对蒸汽发生器拉杆用X12Cr13钢组织和性能的影响

通过试验研究了调质工艺对蒸汽发生器拉杆用半马氏体型不锈钢X12Cr13微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:在相同的回火温度下,随着淬火温度的提高,晶粒明显长大,残余奥氏体增多,强度先升高后降低,塑性及韧性下降;在相同的淬火温度下,随着回火温度的升高,板条马氏体形态减弱,碳化物尺寸增加,而晶粒尺寸变化不大,强度逐渐降低,塑性及韧性不断升高。     

氮对0Cr13Ni4Mo马氏体不锈钢机械性能的影响

研究结果表明，含0．018％N的低氮对0Cr13Ni4Mo马氏体不锈钢未出现中温回火脆性，含0．054％N的高氮钢有中温回火脆性出现，经600℃高温回火后可获得高的强韧性配合和极高的－60℃低温冲击韧性。     

奥氏体化温度对30Cr3SiMnNiWMo钢组织性能的影响

试验研究了860～980℃奥氏体化处理对30Cr3SiMnNiWMo钢(%:0.28C、0.74Mn、1.04Si、2.70Cr、1.15Ni、0.45Mo、1.04W、0.07V、0.05Al)组织以及260℃回火后钢的力学性能的影响。结果表明,30Cr3SiMnNiWMo钢860～920℃淬火组织中存在大量M6C碳化物,对回火钢的韧性不利;950℃淬火后,钢中M6C碳化物基本溶解,原奥氏体晶粒开始长大,回火后钢的强度降低;30Cr3SiMnNiWMo钢经920℃1h油淬+260℃2h回火可以获得具有少量残余奥氏体和未溶碳化物的板条马氏体组织,并具有优良的强韧性(Rm=1680 MPa, Rp0.2=1330 MPa,A=13%, Z=58.5%, AKU=85 J) 。     

淬火工艺对2Cr13不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响

针对因材料的硬度、韧性不足从而导致应用在牙科根管锉上的不锈钢容易发生的弯折、不易回复等现象,对2Cr13马氏体不锈钢的轧后热处理工艺进行了研究。以传统的淬火+回火的热处理方式为基础,通过调整淬火过程中的固溶温度来提高2Cr13马氏体不锈钢的强度和硬度,找到最佳的热处理工艺参数。采用商用软件Thermo-Calc计算了2Cr13马氏体不锈钢的相变点,并根据相变点设计了固溶温度变量。实验结果表明,材料淬火后得到了全马氏体组织,固溶温度在低于920℃时强度和硬度不断上升,在920℃时获得了最佳的硬度和强度,随后强度和硬度随着温度的上升不断下降,同时在温度不断升高的过程中也增大了材料的脆性。     

不锈钢概论（9）

3马氏体不锈钢的发展和性能特点马氏体不锈钢是一类可通过热处理（淬火、回火）①对其性能进行调整的不锈钢。按它们的成分特点可分为马氏体铬不锈钢（Fe—Cr—C马氏体不锈钢）和马氏体铬镍不锈钢（Fe—Cr—Ni马氏体不锈钢）。     

稀土元素铈对精密模具用不锈钢组织性能的影响

为了提高精密模具用不锈钢的性能,在3Cr13马氏体不锈钢中添加质量分数为0.002%的稀土元素铈(Ce),经淬火+回火处理后,采用金相观察、SEM、拉伸试验、冲击试验和硬度测试等方法,研究了Ce对3Cr13马氏体不锈钢组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明：Ce能细化淬火+回火后的马氏体组织,使其晶粒大小趋于一致,“白块区”马氏体分布更加均匀,使试验钢屈服强度和抗拉强度提高了100 MPa以上,0℃低温冲击韧性提高了62 J/cm²,HV₁₀硬度值提高了48。同时Ce改变了试验钢低温冲击试样的断口形貌,减少了夹杂物引起的“孔洞”缺陷,阻碍了裂纹的扩展,提高了试验钢的低温冲击韧性。     

回火温度对25Co15Ni11Cr2MoE钢力学性能的影响

采用力学性能试验和金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等显微组织分析方法对一种高Co-Ni含量二次硬化钢25Co15Ni11Cr2MoE淬火后,经200~750℃回火后的力学性能和冲击断口形貌的变化规律进行了分析研究,结果表明:25Co15Ni11Cr2MoE试验钢淬火+回火后具有明显的二次硬化效应,在400~495℃范围内,回火后的硬度值均高于淬火态硬度值;随着回火温度的提高,钢的抗拉强度、屈服强度和硬度均不断增加,在470℃回火后,试验钢的硬度和抗拉强度均达到了极大值57.3HRC和2160MPa;而冲击韧性值随着回火温度的升高先降低,在430℃达到极小值,随后逐渐提高,并在510℃回火后达到极大值。建议25Co15Ni11Cr2MoE钢的最佳热处理制度为:950℃×1h油冷+(-73℃)×1h空气中升温至室温+495℃×5h空冷,此时试验钢具有最佳的强韧性匹配。     

15MnMoVNXt钢亚温淬火-回火分解产物与强韧性关系的探讨

本文用透射电镜金属薄膜的方法,研究了15MnMoVNXt钢在亚温淬火后回火时的组织特征,讨论了回火分解产物对强韧性的影响,试验证明,适当比例的马氏体—铁素体复相组织比单相马氏体回火具有更佳的强度,韧性,塑性的配合,即在不降低强度的前提下,提高钢的缺口韧性和塑性;韧性效果与回火温度有关,铁素体含量对缺口韧性值影响较大,观察了回火析出产物的形貌,分布及类型,讨论了微量元素的回火析出过程。     

回火温度对不同自回火程度的中碳马氏体钢组织和拉伸性能的影响

为探究不同自回火程度的中碳马氏体钢在回火过程中的组织演化及其对材料力学性能的影响，采用水淬与油淬2种方式淬火，研究了2种自回火程度存在明显差异的马氏体组织在不同回火温度区间内的组织演化，并对比分析了2种淬火态及回火后板料的拉伸性能。结果表明：在淬火及低温回火过程中，马氏体组织内析出的ε-碳化物会明显改善材料的塑韧性。水淬马氏体组织中的ε-碳化物是在温度为200℃的回火过程中析出。油淬马氏体组织中的ε-碳化物则是在淬火过程中析出，而在低温回火过程中，淬火态组织中的亚稳ε-碳化物会发生分解。当回火温度为300和400℃时，2种淬火态组织的演化依次为残余奥氏体的分解以及渗碳体的形成，马氏体组织中的位错密度均逐渐降低。     

淬火温度对不同铬含量的低碳马氏体不锈钢组织和性能的影响

摘要：为研究淬火温度对不同铬含量的马氏体不锈钢组织和性能的影响,采用高温共聚焦显微镜(CLSM)、光镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、万能拉伸机、显微硬度计等方法对材料组织和性能进行了测试及表征。随着淬火温度的升高,不锈钢淬火后的晶粒尺寸都变大,计算确定了13%Cr和14%Cr不锈钢的晶界迁移能分别为113.62和125.92J/mol。13%Cr不锈钢经过淬火后显微组织为板条马氏体,回火后的组织为回火马氏体。但是,14%Cr不锈钢在1200℃淬火后生成了板条马氏体和少量的高温铁素体,并且在回火后高温铁素体并未消失,会对后续性能产生影响。淬火温度对不锈钢的强度影响不大。不锈钢中的铬质量分数从13%增加至14%,马氏体不锈钢强度增加,但伸长率有所降低。马氏体不锈钢的硬度随淬火温度的升高而下降,这主要与晶粒尺寸有关。     

Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV

Martensitic stainless steel containing 12%-18%Cr have high hardness due to high carbon content. These steels are common utilized in quenching and tempering processes for knife and cutlery steel.The properties obtained in these materials are significantly influenced by matrix composition after heat treatment,especially as Cr and C content.Comprehensive considered the hardness and corrosion resistance,a new type martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV has been developed.This study emphatic researches the effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel.Thermo-Calc software has been carried out to thermodynamic calculation;optical microscope（OM）,scanning electronic microscope（SEM） and transmission electron microscope（TEM） have been carried out to microstructure observation;hardness and impact toughness test have been carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties.Results show that the equilibrium carbide in 6Cr15MoV steel is M₂₃,C₆ carbide,and finely distributed of M₂₃C₆ carbides can be observed on annealed microstructure of 6Cr15MoV stainless steel.6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel has a wider quenching temperature range,the hardness value of steel 6Cr15MoV can reach to 60.8 -61.6 HRC when quenched at 1060 - 1100℃.Finely distributed carbides will exist in quenched microstructure,and effectively inhabit the growth of austenite grain.With the increasing of quenching temperature,the volume fraction of undissolved carbides will decrease.The excellent comprehensive mechanical properties can be obtained by quenched at 1060-1100℃with tempered at 100-150℃,and it is mainly due to the high carbon martensite and fine grain size.At these temperature ranges,the hardness will retain about 59.2-61.6 HRC and the Charpy U-notch impact toughness will retain about 17.3-20 J.The morphology of impact fracture surface of tested steel is small dimples with a small amount of cleavage planes.The area of cleavage planes increases with the increasing of tempering temperature.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel 6Crl5MoV

 Martensitic stainless steel containing Cr of 12% to 18% (mass percent) are common utilized in quenching and tempering processes for knife and cutlery steel. The properties obtained in these materials are significantly influenced by matrix composition after heat treatment, especially as Cr and C content. Comprehensive considered the hardness and corrosion resistance, a new type martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV has been developed. The effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel is emphatically researched. Thermo-Calc software has been carried out to thermodynamic calculation; OM, SEM and TEM have been carried out to microstructure observation; hardness and impact toughness test have been carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties. Results show that the equilibrium carbide in 6Cr15MoV steel is M23C6 carbide, and the M23C6 carbides finely distributed in annealed microstructure. 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel has a wider quenching temperature range, the hardness value of steel 6Cr15MoV can reach to HRC 608 to HRC 616 when quenched at 1060 to 1100 ℃. Finely distributed carbides will exist in quenched microstructure, and effectively inhabit the growth of austenite grain. With the increasing of quenching temperature, the volume fraction of undissolved carbides will decrease. The excellent comprehensive mechanical properties can be obtained by quenched at 1060 to 1100 ℃ with tempered at 100 to 150 ℃, and it is mainly due to the high carbon martensite and fine grain size. At these temperature ranges, the hardness will retain about HRC 592 to HRC 616 and the Charpy U-notch impact toughness will retain about 173 to 20 J. A lot of M23C6 carbides precipitated from martensite matrix, at the same time along the boundaries of martensite lathes which leading to the decrease of impact toughness when tempered at 500 to 540 ℃. The M3C precipitants also existed in the martensite matrix of test steel after tempered at 500 ℃, and the mean size of M3C precipitates is bigger than that of M23C6 precipitates.     

Formation of Reversed Austenite in High Temperature Tempering Process and its Effect on Mechanical Properties of Cr15 Super Martensitic Stainless Steel Alloyed with Copper

Formation mechanism of the reversed austenite of Cr15 super martensitic stainless steel (SMSS) alloyed with copper after high temperature tempering was investigated by means of thermo‐calc software, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanical properties of the SMSS were also tested. The experimental results show that the reversed austenite with low dislocation density is formed at high temperature tempering processing. The transformation of the martensite to reversed austenite is a diffused phase transformation, and the growth of the reversed austenite is closely related to the diffusion process of Ni. The bulk reversed austenite with large amount of stacking faults is formed with the increase of the tempering temperature. The volume fraction of reversed austenite increases at first and then decreases with increasing tempering temperature, and the maximum amount of the reversed austenite is obtained at 650°C. The reversed austenite is unstable at the tempering temperature above 650°C and the martensitic phase transformation will occur at the following cooling process. The mechanical properties of Cr15 super martensitic stainless steel are significantly influenced by the volume fraction of reversed austenite.     

1Cr13马氏体不锈钢热处理工艺探讨

采用不同的热处理工艺分析淬火和回火温度及保温时间对1Cr13不锈钢力学性能、金相组织的影响，得到使其力学性能达到最好的热处理工艺，使1Cr13的力学性能符合GB1220-99的要求。     

Effect of tempering on mechanical properties of 25Co15Ni11Cr2MoE steel

The change rule of mechanical properties and impact fracture morphologies of a high Co- Ni secondary hardening ultra- high strength 25Co15Ni11Cr2MoE steel tempered at 200-750?? after quenched was studied by mechanical properties test and microstructure analysis such as optical microscope(OM) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The results show that experimental steel after quenching and tempering has a remarkable secondary hardening effect. After tempered at 400-495??, the hardness of experimental steel can reach and beyond the quenched hardness. In this range, tensile strength, yield strength and hardness of experimental steel increase with the tempering temperature increasing, tensile strength and hardness of experimental reach maximum (57. 3HRC and 2160MPa) after tempered at 470??, meanwhile, with the tempering temperature increasing, impact toughness of experimental steel decreases during the prophase, until reaches minimum at 430??, then increases gradually, and reaches maximum after tempered at 510??. The recommended optimum heat treatment process of 25Co15Ni11Cr2MoE steel is as follow: 950???1h oil quenching??(-73??)??1h rising back to room temperature in the air ??495???5h air cooling. At this time, the experimental steel has the best strength and toughness matching.     

合金元素对0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢组织与力学性能的影响—铜（3）

实验室研究了Cu含量对0Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb不锈钢组织与力学性能的影响,通过力学性能测试和金相显微分析,研究结果表明：在淬火冷却速度较快的情况下,随Cu含量的增加,强度增加,塑性下降;随淬火冷却速度的降低,强度下降,且Cu含量越高,强度下降的幅度越大;在淬火缓冷情况下,Cu含量对强度的影响不大;随时效后冷却速度的降低,强度增加;Cu含量控制在中下限容易满足技术条件的要求。     

Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Property of Cr13 Super Martensitic Stainless Steel

 The microstructures and mechanical properties of Cr13 super martensitic stainless steel after different heat treatments were studied. The results show that the structures of the steel after quenching are of lath martensite mixed with a small amount of retained austenite. With the raising quenching temperature, the original austenite grain size increases and the lath martensite gradually becomes thicker. The structures of the tempered steel are mixtures of tempered martensite and reversed austenite dispersed in the martensite matrix. The amount of reversed austenite is from 754% to 2249%. After different heat treatments, the tensile strength, the elongation and the HRC hardness of the steel are in the range of 813-1070 MPa, 101%-212% and 2133-3237, respectively. The steel displays the best comprehensive mechanical properties after the sample is quenched at 1050 ℃ followed by tempering at 650 ℃.