Mineral potential targeting and resource assessment based on 3D geological modeling in Luanchuan region, China

In this paper, we used 3D modeling and nonlinear methods (fractal, multifractal, and probabilistic neural networks (PNN)) for regional mineral potential mapping and quantitative assessment for porphyry and skarn-type Mo deposits and hydrothermal vein-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposits in the Luanchuan region, China. A 3D geological model was constructed from various geological maps, cross sections, boreholes, and gravity and magnetic data. Geological features associated with mineralization were extracted using the 3D geological model and metallogenic models of porphyry and skarn-type Mo and Pb-Zn-Ag deposits. The multifractal method, principal component analysis, and power spectrum-area method were used to separate regional variability from local variability in the geochemical data. A 2.5D forward modeling of gravity and magnetic data was carried out to define the geometry, depth, and physical properties of geological bodies at depth. 3D visualization of the results assisted in understanding the spatial relations between the deposits and the other geological bodies (e.g., igneous intrusions). The PNN method was applied to represent and integrate multiple anomalies for mineral potential modeling. The concentration-area fractal method was used to classify the PNN mineral potential model. Three levels (ground surface and two subsurface horizontal planes) of mineral potential models were evaluated for undiscovered Mo and Pb-Zn-Ag deposits. Validation of the results shows that 3D modeling was useful for not only accurately extracting geological features but also for predicting potential mineral targets and evaluating mineral resources. The mineral potential targets identified consist of eight Mo potential targets and 15 Pb-Zn-Ag potential targets. Based on grade-tonnage data from the known Mo and Pb-Zn-Ag deposits and the results of 3D modeling, estimated potential resources of each of these types of deposits are 10.8 and 153.1 Mt (Pb+Zn is 152.9 Mt and Ag is 0.92 Mt), respectively.     

基于GIS的矿产信息管理系统设计与开发

传统的矿产资源管理手段落后,已无法满足国土信息化的要求,针对矿政部门的工作特点,提出了基于GIS技术的矿产规划管理信息系统。详细介绍了系统功能,从总体设计、数据库建设、所采取的技术路线等方面进行了描述,介绍了此系统的设计与实现,系统包含的工作模块,各个模块的功能结构,以及采用的技术特点。该系统的建成,将极大提高矿产管理水平,并为制定矿产规划决策提供支持。     

计算机软件制图研究——以GEOMAP软件系统为例

目前计算机制图在各行各业中的应用越来越频繁,GEOMAP软件系统就是基于计算机软件自动成图的原理,以地理信息系统为基础,针对石油勘探开发行业数字化制图作业需求而研制开发的一套专业地质制图系统。文章在系统介绍了GEOMAP的工作原理、成图特征、编制图件的实现流程的基础上,总结了GEOMAP系统软件制图方式的优点,力争为精确快速的编制地质图件提供一种有效方法。     

Competence assessment as an expert system for human resource management: A mathematical approach

Efficient human resource management needs accurate assessment and representation of available competences as well as effective mapping of required competences for specific jobs and positions. In this regard, appropriate definition and identification of competence gaps express differences between acquired and required competences. Using a detailed quantification scheme together with a mathematical approach is a way to support accurate competence analytics, which can be applied in a wide variety of sectors and fields. This article describes the combined use of software technologies and mathematical and statistical methods for assessing and analyzing competences in human resource information systems. Based on a standard competence model, which is called a Professional, Innovative and Social competence tree, the proposed framework offers flexible tools to experts in real enterprise environments, either for evaluation of employees towards an optimal job assignment and vocational training or for recruitment processes. The system has been tested with real human resource data sets in the frame of the European project called ComProFITS.     

The aerial radiometric identification of granitic plutons by statistical analysis

Development of effective statistical analysis of aerial radiometric survey data for the purpose of geological mapping requires the integration of 4 scientific disciplines namely aerial radiometry, geological mapping, statistical analysis, and computer programming. To achieve this goal, 4 computer programs have been designed and 4 statistical inference tests have been applied. For success, certain statistical characteristics must be established including mean background value of every rock unit, standard deviation and type of distribution of measurements within each unit, as well as all statistical hypotheses that can be inferred from the computed parameters. Application of this method is illustrated by differentiating various granites, difficult to distinguish in the field, according to their radioactivity levels.     

埃塞俄比亚西部岩浆熔离型铁矿遥感找矿模型

为解决在地质资料匮乏的情况下发挥多源遥感数据优势开展地质找矿研究这一科学问题,以非洲埃塞俄比亚西部研究区为例,选取ASTER及ALOS PALSAR单极化雷达数据为数据源,针对研究区重点类型铁矿--岩浆熔离型铁矿建立了其遥感找矿模型,提取与成矿作用相关的蚀变、构造、岩体信息。研究基于ASTER遥感数据,通过比值、主成分方法进行蚀变信息提取研究,并基于ASTER及ALOS PALSAR单极化雷达融合数据进行控矿构造及赋矿岩体信息提取研究。最终通过综合分析,基于ArcGIS平台圈定了3处遥感找矿靶区。研究结果与1∶25万地球化学数据对比,具有很高一致性,表明遥感找矿模型能够快速、准确地进行找矿靶区预测。     

基于 MapGIS组件的矿产勘探工程自动成图软件研究

基于M apGIS K9组件开发方式设计与开发的矿产勘探工程自动成图软件,实现了矿产勘探工程数据的信息管理、成图数据的自动计算、图形数据编辑、图件自动绘制与输出、报告自动生成及报表输出等功能。软件界面嵌入了M ap-GIS绘图区组件,图件生成环境直接为M apGIS软件环境,可以直接在软件界面中完成图件的修改与完善,以及图件的保存工作,使用极为方便。     

基于GIS的水利信息系统设计与实现

详细介绍了基于GIS的水利信息系统设计与实现。首先介绍了开发系统的需求分析，以及系统的体系结构，然后介绍开发过程中的具体技术，最后给出了泰州水利信息系统的一个实例。     

An automatic tool for reconstructing monthly time-series of hydro-climatic variables at ungauged basins

Integrative information models for filling/reconstructing hydro-climatic time-series are required for a variety of practical applications. A GIS-based model for a rapid and reliable assessment of monthly time-series of several key hydro-climatic variables at the basin scale, is here developed as plug-in and applied to the entire region of Sicily (Italy). The plug-in, once the desired basin outlet section and time-window are selected, uses appropriate spatial techniques and algorithms to identify its drainage area and estimate the corresponding mean areal rainfall and temperatures time-series. A recent regional regressive rainfall-runoff model is successively applied for the assessment of the runoff time-series. Finally, a consolidated temperature-based method is applied to estimate monthly potential evapotranspiration time-series, while, actual evapotranspiration and soil moisture storage time-series are derived through a classical water balance model. The tool, supported by a preliminarily developed database, includes automatic procedures for data retrieving and processing and a user friendly interface.     

利用遥感和非遥感信息复合分析方法研究饮用天然矿泉水资源

通过对影响饮用天然矿泉水形成和储存环境条件的遥感影像信息提取,在岩矿化学理论的指导下,将遥感信息与常规信息多次复合分析,探讨了饮用天然矿泉水的成因机制及分布规律。     

Display techniques for integrated data sets

At Los Alamos National Laboratory, geoscientists have assembled and integrated 30 geological, geophysical, and geochemical data sets with four Landsat bands for the Montrose 1° × 2° quadrangle, Colorado. Three graphical displays were developed to determine if visual analysis of the data facilitated interpretation. Two displays project the data spatially: gray-level maps project values of a single data set, and three-color overlays project the values of three data sets simultaneously. The third display, a three-dimensional plot, graphs three data sets and allows examination of relationships in parameter space. Two examples illustrate the potential applications of the display techniques. Uranium in sediments, uranium in waters, and equivalent uranium each provide unique information about uranium distribution in the quadrangle. However, the combined data convey more information than each data set separately. Copper, lead, and zinc displays allow identification of all the basemetal districts and convey information about the geochemical character of the deposits. Visual displays greatly increase efficiency of analysis and interpretability of diverse geologic data sets.     

Development of a Decision Support System based on remote sensing and GIS techniques for gold-rich area identification in SE Spain

Remote sensing techniques and spatial data analysis through Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been jointly applied in a mineral exploration context to identify gold-rich potential areas in SE Spain. Results confirm the usefulness of this integrated methodological approach as an effective tool to assess mineral potential in the studied region. Satellite and airborne image analysis have offered valuable thematic information referring both to lithology and altered zone mapping from photointerpretation and digital classification. For this goal, SPOT panchromatic and Landsat TM images were merged in order to obtain high resolution image documents for photointerpretation purposes, and the Feature Principal Component Selection technique was applied to highlight hydrothermal alteration zones characterized by hydroxyl-bearing minerals. Remote sensing results were integrated, in conjunction with existing maps and data from mineral exploration surveys, into the GIS as vector or raster layers. The GIS implementation stage consisted of the creation of a relational database, including a complete set of georeferenced data, and the elaboration of a specific user interface for spatial analysis using GIS facilities in order to establish a Decision Support System (DSS). The system was used to simulate different mineral exploration scenarios, calculating and mapping a Mineral Potential Index that was interpreted in a practical sense in terms of surface reduction and economic costs.     

A bayesian belief network based model for predicting software faults in early phase of software development process

It is always better to have an idea about the future situation of a present work. Prediction of software faults in the early phase of software development life cycle can facilitate to the software personnel to achieve their desired software product. Early prediction is of great importance for optimizing the development cost of a software project. The present study proposes a methodology based on Bayesian belief network, developed to predict total number of faults and to reach a target value of total number of faults during early development phase of software lifecycle. The model has been carried out using the information from similar or earlier version software projects, domain expert’s opinion and the software metrics. Interval type-2 fuzzy logic has been applied for obtaining the conditional probability values in the node probability tables of the belief network. The output pattern corresponding to the total number of faults has been identified by artificial neural network using the input pattern from similar or earlier project data. The proposed Bayesian framework facilitates software personnel to gain the required information about software metrics at early phase for achieving targeted number of software faults. The proposed model has been applied on twenty six software project data. Results have been validated by different statistical comparison criterion. The performance of the proposed approach has been compared with some existing early fault prediction models.     

地震灾害潜在损失评价模型分析与研究——以唐山地震为例

地震灾害潜在损失评价模型的研究是综合应用遥感和地理信息系统技术,估算潜在地震灾区可能的最大损失量,以及潜在震区直接和间接的最大经济损失,为震区灾后的重建提供辅助决策支持信息。     

基于网络信息资源共享的软件开发方法研究与应用*

从20世纪60年代引入软件工程以来,出现了多种封闭的软件开发方法。提出了区别于传统软件开发方法的一种新方法,即基于网络信息资源共享的软件开发方法。该方法从分析现有的信息资源入手,逐步构建了所需系统,再将实施过程中产生的信息资源添加到共享平台中,作为以后系统构建的基础。该方法已经应用在北京市西城区政务信息共享交换平台的建设中,实践证明其具有良好的应用价值。     

RS和GIS在矿山监测中的应用

根据监测区矿山地表设施特征,对遥感影像进行相关处理,然后结合GIS进行分析,得出的结果与矿山实际开采现状吻合度高。这一结果表明利用RS和GIS对矿山进行监测有利于国家实时掌握矿山开采状况,为矿产资源开发的综合整顿治理提供决策支持。     

The evaluation of digitally enhanced Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) data for lithological and structural mapping

The potential of digitally enhanced Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) data for preparation of lithological and structural maps is explored in two test sites representing different geological settings in parts of Karnataka. Test site 1 is an area around Mattod, which mainly consists of Chitradurga rocks and peninsular gneiss, and the terrain is characterized by bare soil and is devoid of thick vegetation. Test site 2 is an area around the Bababudan belt, which mainly comprised of Bababudan and Chitradurga rocks and peninsular gneiss, and the major part of the area is covered under thick vegetation. Different digital enhancement techniques have been performed, and the expression of different lithological and structural features in the digitally enhanced products were qualitatively assessed. Based on this assessment, only those products which offered additional information than the standard false colour component (FCC) were selected and utilized along with standard FCC in the preparation of geological and structural maps. Attempts have been made to understand the advantages and limitations of using optical remote sensing data for deriving lithological and structural details. The maps created through using digitally enhanced IRS data have helped to revise/modify the existing geological map prepared through conventional method of mapping to considerable extent in terms of refined lithological boundaries, delineation of unmapped rock units, mapping of lineaments, and their networks. The results of the study has clearly brought out the fact that the geological map prepared from the optical remote sensing data at a shorter time interval is broadly comparable to that of the geological map prepared through conventional techniques over several years. Also the study has highlighted that the broad-band spectral resolution optical remote sensing data can be effectively utilized for lithological and structural demarcation, only when the terrain is: (i) exposed with rock outcrops and their weathered derivatives; (ii) characterized by rock units which greatly differ in terms of physico-chemical properties; and (iii) devoid of vegetation cover.     

基于格架模型的角点网格生成算法

三维油藏地质建模是石油勘探与开发领域的一个关键技术。该文在参考国外主流地质建模软件的基础上,提出了一种基于格架网格模型的角点网格生成技术,并成功应用到数字化油藏表征软件DIRECT-Mod中,取得了很好的效果。实验结果证明了该算法的有效性。     

An open-source 3D solar radiation model integrated with a 3D Geographic Information System

Photovoltaic energy has become a popular renewable energy source for sustainable urban development. As a result, 3D solar radiation models are needed to facilitate the interactive assessment of photovoltaic potential in complex urban environments. SURFSUN3D is a visualization-oriented full 3D solar radiation model that has been shown to achieve efficient computation and visualization for 3D urban models. The present paper introduces a framework to integrate SURFSUN3D into a 3D GIS-based application to interactively assess the photovoltaic potential in urban areas.     

Perception of a geological body using multiple source remotely-sensed data-relative influence of the spectral content and the spatial resolution

Fracturing maps over a granitic dome (Scaër granite, Brittany, France) have been extracted from the most widely available remotely-sensed data and from aerial photographs. Comparison of the different maps obtained allowed the classification of the mapping potential of the different raw and merged images as well as ranking their ability to point out geological features at different scales. Three different types of geological features were pinpointed: a coarse regional fracturing, kilometric plutonic domes and finer geological structures such as circular features within the granitic dome. The best means of revealing each of these three types of geological features, proved to be radar images, multi-spectral data and aerial photographs, respectively. The data providing the largest range of observation and the greatest amount of information on geological structures and soil types were the merged Landsat-TM and SPOT panchromatic images.