微波法提取薏苡仁油的研究

以薏苡仁油的提取率为指标,考察了微波法提取薏苡仁油的主要影响因素微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间、料液比和药材粒度;采用气相色谱法考察微波对薏苡仁油成分的影响,并与加热回流法进行了比较.结果表明,微波法提取薏苡仁油的优化工艺条件为:采用无水乙醇作溶剂、药材粒度60目、微波辐射功率300 W、微波辐射时间7 min、料液比1∶5,在此条件下薏苡仁油的提取率为6.87%;气相色谱分析表明,微波法与加热回流法提取的薏苡仁油的主要化学成分基本相同,微波辐射对薏苡仁油成分无影响.     

薏苡仁油提取工艺优化及动力学模型研究

用正交试验法优选超声辅助提取薏苡仁油最佳提取工艺,并建立数学模型对提取数据进行拟合。结果表明,最适宜提取工艺条件为：薏苡仁粒径0.180 mm,温度60 ℃,料液比1.0∶55,提取时间50 min,在此条件下薏苡仁油提取率可达6.348%,RSD为1.76%（n=3）;薏苡仁油提取动力学模型方程为：lnC= λ +γlnt,其线性相关系数R均大于0.996 6,数学模型回归效果较好,可适用于薏苡仁油提取过程的优化控制。     

超声强化超临界流体萃取薏苡仁油和薏苡仁酯的影响因素及效果

考察了超声强化超临界流体萃取(USFE)薏苡仁中的薏苡仁油和薏苡仁酯的效果。以 CO2作为超临界流体分别研究了萃取过程中萃取温度、萃取压力、原料颗粒大小、超临界流体流量、超声参数、萃取时间等因素对萃取率的影响,并与超临界流体萃取(SFE)进行对比。结果表明,超声强化超临界流体萃取过程,最适宜的萃取温度为 40℃,比超临界流体萃取的最适宜的萃取温度降低了 5℃;最适宜的萃取压力为 20Mpa, 比超临界流体萃取的最适宜的萃取压力降低了 5Mpa;最佳萃取时间为 3.5h,比超临界流体萃取的最佳萃取时间缩短了 0.5h;萃取率提高约 10%左右。若萃取率相同时,流体流量可减少 0.5L·h-1 ,原料粒径的要求可放宽。     

超声提取白胡椒油树脂的工艺研究

以白胡椒粉为原料,研究了超声波辅助乙醇提取白胡椒油树脂的工艺条件,考察了提取溶剂乙醇浓度、固液比、提取温度和提取时间对白胡椒油树脂得率的影响.实验结果表明:用90%(v/v)乙醇为提取介质,在固液比为1:8(g/mL)、55℃温度下超声提取60 min,白胡椒油树脂得率可达10.28%.     

超声法提取鸦胆子油的研究

采用单因素实验法和正交实验法,以鸦胆子油提取率为考察指标,对超声法提取鸦胆子油的工艺进行了优化.确定鸦胆子油的最佳提取工艺条件为:先用氯仿按1:6的料液比浸泡药材16 h,再在50℃下超声提取3 h,提取率可达9.59%.该方法操作简便、提取率高,可用于鸦胆子油的提取.     

超声法提取甘草蔓籽油的研究

采用超声法提取甘草蔓籽油,通过单因素试验和正交试验,以甘草蔓籽油提取率为考察指标,对超声法提取甘草蔓籽油的工艺进行了优化。结果表明:选用石油醚作为萃取溶剂,料液比为1∶8(质量/体积)、超声功率为400W、温度为50℃、超声时间为30min,此条件下甘草蔓籽油的得率达35.37%,为进一步开发甘草蔓籽油提供了科学依据。     

溶剂法提取万寿菊籽油的工艺研究

采用3种不同溶剂,运用索氏提取法进行了万寿菊籽油的提取实验研究。首先考察了以工业正己烷为溶剂时回流时间、回流次数对万寿菊籽油提取率的影响,确定了提取率最大时的最佳工艺条件,并与最佳条件下以乙醚和正己烷-乙醚(1∶1)作溶剂时的提取率进行了对比。研究结果表明:以工业正己烷为溶剂时的最佳提取条件是回流时间为7 h、回流次数为14次.h-1,以工业正己烷、乙醚、正己烷-乙醚(1∶1)为溶剂时对应提取率分别为22.53%、23.96%、25.56%。     

文冠果种仁油超声提取工艺的初步研究

以文冠果种仁为原料,采用超声辅助提取法,并以出油率为目标值,研究了提取剂种类、提取温度、提取时间和液料比对出油率的影响.结果表明,石油醚(沸程60～90℃)提取效果最佳,以石油醚(沸程60～90℃)为提取溶剂、超声频率为40KHZ下,在其他条件不变时,最佳提取温度为65℃,提取时间50min,液料比为8∶1.     

碱蓬籽油强化提取方法对比研究

采用微波强化提取法、超声强化提取法及超声-微波协同法提取碱蓬籽油,从最佳提取工艺条件、出油率、主要脂肪酸种类及相对含量三个方面对三种强化提取方法加以对比分析。结果表明,协同法的出油率为20.34%±0.23%,略低于超声法,提取时间仅为6 min,是超声法提取时间的11.54%,且为微波法的一半。协同法所含四种主要脂肪酸(亚油酸(C18:2)、油酸(C18:1)、棕榈酸(C16:0)及硬脂酸(C18:0))的相对含量的总量最高,达98.51%,优于其他两种强化提取方法。证明超声-微波协同法是碱蓬籽油比较理想的强化提取方法。     

蜀葵子脂肪油提取工艺的研究

考察了蜀葵子中脂肪油的提取工艺。通过测定油脂的理化性质优化提取方法,并通过单因素试验和正交试验设计考察提取时间、温度、功率、溶剂、料液比等因素对蜀葵子脂肪油提取率的影响。选择石油醚为最佳提取溶剂,超声为最优提取方法,提取条件为超声功率200 W,超声温度30℃,提取时间40 min,料液比1:10(g/mL),粉碎度为50目,提取次数为1次。在此条件下蜀葵子脂肪油的提取率可达12.57%。优化得到的工艺合理可行,比较适合蜀葵子脂肪油的提取。     

加拿大油砂溶剂抽提分离工艺的研究

对加拿大油砂进行了溶剂抽提分离试验,考察了石油醚、石脑油、甲苯、环己烷以及重整汽油对提取效果的影响,确定重整汽油为最佳抽提溶剂.综合考察了提取温度、溶剂与油砂体积比、提取时间以及搅拌速度等工艺操作条件对油砂沥青提取的影响,结果表明,在提取温度500℃,溶剂和油砂的体积比为1∶1,提取时间60 min,搅拌速度为80 r/min的条件下,油砂沥青提取率达到92.57%.     

轻质油品溶剂萃取脱硫技术研究

综述了目前国内外轻质油品溶剂萃取脱硫的相关技术,并进行比较和评价。认为单一的溶剂萃取脱硫技术存在着碱液排放量大、脱硫率不高的问题,多种脱硫技术相结合是深度脱硫的发展趋势。离子液体由于可以循环使用,必将是一项非常有发展前途的脱硫技术。     

Supercritical extraction of borage seed oil coupled to conventional solvent extraction of antioxidants

This paper describes the extraction of borage seed oil by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) and the further extraction of antioxidants from the SC-CO₂-defatted borage meal with organic solvents (water, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate). The optimal conditions for oil extraction were obtained at 303 and 323 K at 200 bar, 2.5 h and a continuous flow of CO₂ of 1.5 L/h introduced through the bottom when the operating pressure and temperature were reached, attaining a yield of 60%. Borage oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids; oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid accounted for 74% of the total fatty acid content under the above conditions. The highest extraction yield was achieved using water or methanol as extracting solvent from the SC-CO₂-defatted borage meal at 303 K and pressures of 200 and 150 bar for water and methanol, respectively. The most potent extracts, according to all methods tested, were obtained with water and methanol.     

Microwave-assisted solvent extraction of castor oil from castor seeds

This study was aimed at evaluating the physicochemical properties and oxidation stability of castor oil using microwave-assisted solvent extraction (MAE). MAE was performed using 5% ethanol in hexane as solvent at different extraction times, power intensities and solvent-to-feed (S/F, ml of solvent to gram of feed) ratios. The process parameters were optimized by statistical approach using historical data design of response surface method (RSM). The oils were characterized for yield, physicochemical properties, dielectric properties and oxidation stability, and comparison was also made with oil extracted using Soxhlet method. Results show that the maximum oil yield of 37% was obtained at 20 min with microwave power intensity of 330 W and S/F ratio of 20. The main fatty acid composition of castor oil is ricinoleic acid. The density, refractive index, dielectric properties and oxidation stability of oils are not affected by the extraction methods and extraction parameters of MAE. However, the MAE-extracted oil is more viscous compared to that by Soxhlet method. With extra caution on oil oxidation, MAE could be a promising solvent extraction method with an 86% less in processing time and a higher yield.     

HPLC-UV法测定薏苡仁指标性成分甘油三油酸酯含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱-紫外法测定薏苡仁指标性成分甘油三油酸酯含量的方法。方法:采用Microsorb C18色谱柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),以乙腈-异丙醇(60∶40)为流动相,流速为1m L·min-1,检测波长为205nm,柱温为20℃。结果:薏苡仁指标性成分甘油三油酸酯的线性范围为5.998~59.98μg(r=0.9993),平均回收率(n=6)为100.50%(RSD=1.307%)。结论:本法采用高效液相色谱,结合常规紫外检测器,建立了一种准确可靠,通用性较强的薏苡仁中甘油三酯的含量测定方法。     

溶剂萃取法修复石油污染土壤

对溶剂萃取法修复石油类污染土壤的新技术做了较为全面的概述.首先,介绍了溶剂萃取技术的概念、机理和适用范围;其次,介绍了包括有机溶剂、表面活性剂、环糊精、超临界流体在内的萃取剂的研究进展;再次,阐述了影响溶剂萃取效率的因素和溶剂萃取的工艺条件;最后,对溶剂萃取技术的研究和应用做了展望.     

水辅助溶剂法提取油砂中的沥青

开发了一种水辅助溶剂法从油砂中提取沥青的技术。该方法通过在油砂固相与有机溶剂间介入水层提取油砂中的沥青。以内蒙古扎赉特旗油砂矿为研究对象,考察了温度、剂砂质量比、提取时间、甲苯在复合溶剂中的含量及溶剂的种类与性质对沥青回收率高低的影响,结果表明：最佳提取条件为提取温度50℃,剂砂质量比1∶1,提取时间25min。沥青回收率与提取溶剂的性质紧密相关,水层介入有效降低了固体微粒组分在有机相中的含量,且便于后续的有机相与泥砂相的分离。通过对各种溶剂提取的沥青进行组分分析,发现各种溶剂对沥青提取能力的差异性源于溶剂的化学组成和结构不同。本文相关研究结果对溶剂法提取油砂中沥青技术及溶剂种类的选择具有指导作用。     

Evaluation of the diffusion coefficient of rapeseed oil during solvent extraction with hexane

The diffusion coefficient of rapeseed oil was determined from data obtained during time-varied solvent extraction experiments. The experiments were carried out in a Gülbaran extractor-diffuser with hexane as the solvent. A relationship was found between the slope of the diffusion line and the shape and size of the rapeseed particles. This relation can be used to calculate the diffusion coefficient. A diffusion coefficient of 3.4×10⁻⁸ cm²/s was determined from the experimental data.     

Total oil analysis of soybeans by simultaneous grinding and solvent extraction

A new, rapid method for total oil analysis of soybeans is proposed in which ground soybeans are mixed with solvent and further ground in a closed homogenizer until the oil is completely dissolved. A sample of the slurry can then be filtered and the oil content determined by evaporating the solvent from a measured amount of miscella. Parameters studied included times and speeds needed to produce sufficiently small particles so that all the oil was dissolved. The new analysis compared favorably with conventional Goldfisch extraction for total oil of soybeans. Preliminary experiments indicated that rapeseed could be extracted by the new procedure without preliminary grinding. Published with the approval of the director of the Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station.