黑果腺肋花楸最新研究进展

黑果腺肋花楸营养物质丰富,经济开发价值较高,国内外众多实验证实了其具有高抗氧化性等功效.但国内黑果腺肋花楸深加工产业还处于初级阶段,相关研究不多.本文对黑果腺肋花楸的营养成分、生理功能和饮料产品开发现状进行总结,为我国黑果腺肋花楸产业的发展提供参考和理论依据.     

超声波辅助提取黑果腺肋花楸黄酮及其抗运动疲劳研究

以黑果腺肋花楸作为原料,采用单因素和响应面试验优化超声波辅助乙醇提取黑果腺肋花楸黄酮工艺,并通过小鼠试验研究黑果腺肋花楸黄酮抗运动疲劳功能。结果表明,超声波辅助提取黄酮最佳参数为超声功率70 W、超声温度61℃、超声时间124 min,此时,黑果腺肋花楸黄酮提取率可达95.64%。影响黑果腺肋花楸黄酮提取率的因素由强到弱为超声温度超声时间超声功率。小鼠经灌胃黑果腺肋花楸黄酮后,小鼠力竭游泳时间显著延长且浓度越高效果越明显,血乳酸含量与未灌胃黄酮组小鼠相比显著降低,由此可说明,黑果腺肋花楸黄酮对小鼠具有较强的抗运动疲劳功能。     

黑果腺肋花楸功能性研究进展及其应用

黑果腺肋花楸富含原花青素、花青素、黄酮醇、酚酸等多种酚类化合物,是植物界最丰富的多酚来源之一,在生物医药以及食品保健行业都具有极高的应用价值。该文介绍黑果腺肋花楸的主要组成成分,对其功能性研究进展及应用现状进行综合论述,阐述黑果腺肋花楸的开发前景,为进一步全方位的开发黑果腺肋花楸提供更多的理论指导。     

植物乳杆菌发酵黑果腺肋花楸果汁的工艺优化

本文以黑果腺肋花楸为原料,利用植物乳杆菌C8-1对其发酵,研制具有特殊果香风味和营养价值的黑果腺肋花楸发酵饮料。采用单因素试验和正交试验对植物乳杆菌发酵黑果腺肋花楸果汁进行条件优化,以菌种接种量、发酵温度、发酵时间和料液比为影响因素,总酸含量作为指标,进行正交试验分析。结果表明,黑果腺肋花楸发酵饮料最佳发酵条件为:植物乳杆菌接种量9 lg CFU/mL,发酵温度35 ℃,发酵时间22 h,黑果腺肋花楸料液比为1:3(v:v),在此条件下,总酸含量达到6.60 mg/mL;发酵后的黑果腺肋花楸果汁中的总酚含量增加10.51%,总酸含量增加74.60%,还原糖含量降低4.41%,可溶性固形物含量降低6.15%;对色泽研究可知,发酵对黑果腺肋花楸果汁的亮度、红色色调和黄色色调均有增强作用;抗氧化实验表明,经发酵处理的黑果腺肋花楸果汁对DPPH自由基清除能力、OH自由基清除能力和总还原能力均极显著高于鲜榨的黑果腺肋花楸果汁(p<0.01)。感官评分较鲜榨果汁有明显提高。结果表明,植物乳杆菌C8-1可以在黑果腺肋花楸果汁中进行正常的生长代谢活动,并能够提高黑果腺肋花楸果汁的品质和抗氧化能力。     

大孔树脂纯化黑果腺肋花楸多酚的工艺优化

以黑果腺肋花楸为原料,采用大孔树脂纯化黑果腺肋花楸中多酚类物质。通过对比6 种大孔树脂对黑果腺肋花楸多酚吸附-解吸效果,筛选出XAD-7大孔树脂作为最佳纯化材料,并通过单因素试验确定XAD-7大孔树脂纯化黑果腺肋花楸多酚的静态吸附-解吸最佳工艺条件为：吸附时间4 h、解吸时间2 h、上样液质量浓度3.6 mg/mL、上样液pH 4、乙醇体积分数95%、乙醇溶液pH 7;其对黑果腺肋花楸多酚动态吸附-解吸最佳工艺条件为：上样流速2 mL/min、上样量560 mL、蒸馏水洗脱用量350 mL、洗脱流速2 mL/min、洗脱体积300 mL。在此条件下,黑果腺肋花楸多酚纯度由11.62%提高到64.37%,表明XAD-7大孔树脂对于黑果腺肋花楸多酚具有较好的纯化效果。     

黑果腺肋花楸酒澄清工艺条件优化

添加澄清剂结合机械过滤除去黑果腺肋花楸酒中的悬浮杂质和可能导致浑浊的胶体及其他非稳定性物质,目的是得到澄清稳定的黑果腺肋花楸酒。试验在单因素基础上采用响应面试验设计优化黑果腺肋花楸酒的澄清条件。结果显示：壳聚糖和蛋清粉复合使用澄清效果最好,添加量为壳聚糖190.00 mg/L+蛋清粉130.00 mg/L,温度11.5℃澄清67 h,可得到透明度好,透光率55.65%,宝石红色,口感柔和的黑果腺肋花楸酒。     

黑果腺肋花楸多酚的抑菌效果及对α-淀粉酶活性的抑制作用

为探究黑果腺肋花楸多酚的抑菌效果及对α-淀粉酶活性的抑制作用,采用滤纸片法测定黑果腺肋花楸多酚对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黄曲霉、烟曲霉、米根霉、岛青霉、康宁木霉的抑制效果,并考察温度和pH值对黑果腺肋花楸多酚抑制金黄色葡萄球菌和烟曲霉活性的影响。通过建立动力学模型研究黑果腺肋花楸多酚对α-淀粉酶活性的抑制作用。结果表明：黑果腺肋花楸多酚对7 种供试菌均有一定的抑制作用,对烟曲霉的抑制效果最强,最低抑菌浓度为0.171 9 mg/mL;黑果腺肋花楸多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果在pH 5.0条件下最强;而对于烟曲霉,pH值的变化对抑菌效果有破坏作用。黑果腺肋花楸多酚对α-淀粉酶活性具有显著的抑制作用,并在0.10～0.70 mg/mL质量浓度范围内,对α-淀粉酶的抑制活性强于阳性对照阿卡波糖,该抑制作用属于可逆非竞争性抑制,抑制常数为0.193 2 mg/mL。在202 nm波长处,黑果腺肋花楸多酚能够引起α-淀粉酶紫外吸收的增强和吸收峰的红移。通过深入开发研究,黑果腺肋花楸多酚可作为具有辅助防腐抑菌功能的α-淀粉酶抑制剂。     

黑果腺肋花楸多酚的抑菌活性研究

研究黑果腺肋花楸多酚对5种细菌和2种真菌的抑菌活性及其抑菌稳定性。采用双层平板打孔法,根据抑菌圈直径判断黑果腺肋花楸多酚的抑菌活性;采用比色法测定黑果腺肋花楸多酚对5种细菌的最小抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC),并以脂环酸芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌作为指示菌,研究Na Cl浓度、温度、紫外线对黑果腺肋花楸多酚抑菌稳定性的影响。研究结果表明黑果腺肋花楸多酚对脂环酸芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌等5种细菌均具有较好的抑菌活性,对2种真菌基本无抑菌效果。黑果腺肋花楸多酚对脂环酸芽孢杆菌(DSM 3922,AAT-92)、阴沟肠杆菌(20051)的MIC为0.40 g/L,对枯草芽孢杆菌(10034)和产气肠杆菌(10017)的MIC分别为0.05 g/L和0.10 g/L。随着Na Cl浓度的增加,黑果腺肋花楸多酚抑菌活性显著下降。多酚溶液经热处理后,抑菌活性有微弱下降趋势,经紫外线处理后抑菌活性基本无变化。     

超声提取-离子色谱-脉冲积分安培检测法检测黑果腺肋花楸果中的8种单糖和双糖

目的建立超声提取-离子色谱-脉冲积分安培检测法测定黑果腺肋花楸果中的8种单糖和双糖的方法。方法采用水浸提超声提取及膜过滤法前处理黑果腺肋花楸果样品,以Dionex CarboPac PA10 Analytical Column(4 mm×250 mm)阴离子交换色谱柱为分析柱,以Dionex CarboPac PA10 Guard Column(4 mm×50 mm)为保护柱,以NaOH与CH3COONa的组合溶液作为流动相,采用梯度淋洗分离程序,脉冲积分安培方法检测。结果 8种单糖和双糖的检出限分别为5、8、3、4、7、2、5、2μg/L,且均具有较宽的线性范围(0.05～20 mg/L)。黑果腺肋花楸果中单糖和双糖测定的相对标准偏差在0.96%～6.12%之间,8种单糖和双糖的加标回收率达到90.5%～102.1%。结论本方法同时检测黑果腺肋花楸果中的单糖和双糖,其方法简便快捷、分离效果好、基体干扰少、无需衍生、灵敏度高,适用于黑果腺肋花楸果中的常见单糖和双糖组分的分析。     

黑果腺肋花楸果汁饮料研制及其品质与抗氧化性评价

为研制黑果腺肋花楸果汁饮料并探究其抗氧化活性,以黑果腺肋花楸果实为主要原料,添加蔗糖、柠檬酸和β-环糊精等辅料,以感官评分为指标,通过单因素实验和正交试验确定黑果腺肋花楸果汁饮料的最佳配方为:黑果腺肋花楸浸提汁用量60%,60%蔗糖糖浆添加量10%,2%柠檬酸溶液添加量2.0%,1% β-环糊精添加量3.0%,该配方所制得的饮料感官评分可达94.5分,其富含16种氨基酸,总量达到374.79 μg/mL,具有黑果腺肋花楸果实的特征香气,色泽均一明亮,风味协调爽口,质地均匀;体外抗氧化活性研究表明:该饮料对DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率、ABTS+自由基清除能力以及总还原能力分别为36.42%、32.58%、0.54 mmol/L和0.289,说明其具有较好的抗氧化能力。本实验结果为黑果腺肋花楸功能性饮料的开发提供了理论依据。     

超声波辅助酸性天然低共熔溶剂提取黑果腺肋花楸花青素及其稳定性和抗氧化活性分析

建立一种绿色、高效的超声波辅助酸性天然低共熔溶剂提取黑果腺肋花楸花青素的新方法,利用人工神经网络和遗传算法优化提取条件,并研究花青素提取物的稳定性和抗氧化活性。以甜菜碱和有机酸为氢键受体和氢键供体,制备了一系列酸性天然低共熔溶剂,并对其密度、粘度、pH理化性质进行了测定,通过红外光谱研究了天然低共熔溶剂的结构和形成机理,利用人工神经网络结合遗传算法优化了最佳提取条件,并评价了花青素提取物的光稳定性、热稳定性和抗氧化活性。结果表明,甜菜碱和乳酸通过氢键相互作用形成的天然低共熔溶剂具有密度低(1.19)、粘度小(24.75 mPa·s)、pH低(2.89)的特点,其最佳提取条件为：以甜菜碱和乳酸制备天然低共熔溶剂,摩尔比1:3,含水量为32%,超声功率124 W,超声时间24 min,初始超声温度32℃。在此最佳条件下,花青素的提取率达到23.62 mg/g。与传统溶剂和其它方法相比,本方法绿色高效,操作简单。稳定性和抗氧化实验结果显示,光照会加速提取物中花青素的降解,当温度大于50℃时,花青素热降解加速,一级动力学降解常数k>0.0234。当质量浓度为200μg/mL时,花青素提取...     

Determination of Carotenoids in Fruits of Rosa sp. (Rosa Canina and Rosa Rugosa) and of Chokeberry (Aronia Melanocarpa)

Carotenoid composition of fruits of two Rosa species (Rosa canina and Rosa rugosa) and of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) was studied by high performance liquid chromatography. Nine carotenoids were determined: three carotenes (lycopene, ζ-carotene, β-carotene) and six xanthophylls (neoxanthin, trans-violaxanthin, cis-violaxan-thin, 5,6-epoxylutein, lutein, β-cryptoxanthin). This high number of compounds classified these fruits among those with the greatest variety of carotenoid pigments. Quantitatively large differences occurred in the carotenoid composition of the three fruits. Rosa hips contained the highest concentrations of total carotenoids, which were mainly comprised of lycopene and βcarotene. Conversely, total xanthophylls were low. In contrast to Rosa, fruits of Aronia were lower in total carotenoids while xanthophylls composed a higher proportion.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aronia melanocarpa</Emphasis> phenolics and their antioxidant activity

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate small and high molecular phenolics (tannins) and antioxidant activity of Aronia melanocarpa berries, juice and pomace in order to find new potential sources of natural antioxidants. The fruits of Aronia melanocarpa Elliot were collected in the middle of October at a plantation near Wroclaw, Poland. The pomace has a much higher content of phenolics in comparision to juice and fruits. Results showed that polymeric proanthocyanins, predominantly of (−)epicatechin, are the major class of polyphenolic compounds in chokeberry, represent 66% of fruits polyphenols. The average concentration ranged from 1578.79 mg/100 g of DW for chokeberry juice up to 8191.58 mg/100 g in pomace. The concentration of phenolic acids (chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids) in juice was higher than in pomace. Anthocyanins in Aronia melanocarpa are second phenolic compound group and represent about 25% of total polyphenols, mixture of four different cyanidin glycosides: 3-galactoside, 3-glucoside, 3-arabinoside and 3-xyloside. The higher antioxidant activity expressed as TEAC was measured in pomace >fruit >juice.     

黑果腺肋花楸挥发油化学成分及总黄酮含量分析研究

目的研究黑果腺肋花楸挥发性化学成分的组成及质量分数,分析其总黄酮含量。方法采用超声波提取法提取黑果腺肋花楸果实中的挥发油和总黄酮,挥发油的化学成分通过气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, GC-MS)进行分析鉴定,各挥发性化学成分的质量分数采用色谱峰面积归一化法计算。以芦丁为标准品,用紫外可见分光光度仪进行总黄酮含量的分析测定。结果黑果腺肋花楸挥发油经GC-MS分析,共鉴定出36个挥发性化学成分,占挥发油色谱总峰面积的84.14%。芦丁标准品呈现良好线性关系(r~2=0.9997),总黄酮类化合物的平均含量为0.233%,标准偏差(standard deviation,SD)为0.01291,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为5.53%。结论黑果腺肋花楸中的挥发性成分以烷烃类、酯类、羧酸类、醇类几类化合物为主,其果实中总黄酮类化合物的含量较低。     

Characterisation of Aronia powders obtained by different drying processes

Nowadays, food industry is facing challenges connected with the preservation of the highest possible quality of fruit products obtained after processing. Attention has been drawn to Aronia fruits due to numerous health promoting properties of their products. However, processing of Aronia, like other berries, leads to difficulties that stem from the preparation process, as well as changes in the composition of bioactive compounds. Consequently, in this study, Aronia commercial juice was subjected to different drying techniques: spray drying, freeze drying and vacuum drying with the temperature range of 40–80 °C. All powders obtained had a high content of total polyphenols. Powders gained by spray drying had the highest values which corresponded to a high content of total flavonoids, total monomeric anthocyanins, cyaniding-3-glucoside and total proanthocyanidins. Analysis of the results exhibited a correlation between selected bioactive compounds and their antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, drying techniques have an impact on selected quality parameters, and different drying techniques cause changes in the content of bioactives analysed. Spray drying can be recommended for preservation of bioactives in Aronia products. Powder quality depends mainly on the process applied and parameters chosen. Therefore, Aronia powders production should be adapted to the requirements and design of the final product.     

Polyphenols, Anthocyanins, Ascorbic Acid, and Radical Scavenging Activity of Rubus, Ribes, and Aronia

ABSTRACT: Total polyphenols, total anthocyanins, and reduced ascorbic acid were evaluated in berries belonging to the genera Rubus, Ribes, and Aronia by means of spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of the fruit extracts was tested. Total polyphenols ranged from 140.6 to 888.5 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), total anthocyanins ranged from 22.0 to 460.5 mg/100 g FW, and reduced ascorbic acid ranged from 12.4 to 153.8 mg/ 100 g FW. The average EC50 values for Aronia melanocarpa, Ribes nigrum, Ribes rubrum, Rubus fruticosus, and Rubus idaeus were 1.8, 2.8, 5.3, 6.4, and 8.2 mg FW, respectively. The results indicate that the fruits tested are good sources of natural antioxidants.     

Anthocyanins in Fruits of Aronia Melanocarpa (Chokeberry)

Anthocyanins from fruits of Aronia melunocap (chokeberry) were extracted with acidified ethanol and methanol and fractionated by high performance liquid chromatography. The pigment composition was very simple as there were only four compounds. Semi-preparative HPLC, thin-layer chromatography and spectral techniques indicated cyanidin as a single aglycone and glucose, galactose, arabinose, and xylose as associated sugars. The relative proportions of anthocyanins were determined. The major components were cyanidin 3-galactoside and cyanidin 3-arabinoside.     

Chemopreventive Potential of Flavonoid Extracts from Plantation-Bred and Wild Aronia melanocarpa (Black Chokeberry) Fruits

ABSTRACT:  European plantation-bred (cultivated) and local Illinois (wild) Aronia melanocarpa (chokeberry) fruits were extracted with 70% aqueous acetone and separated into 6 fractions using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) over a Toyopearl (TP) polymer column. TP fractions 2 through 6 were recombined and further subfractionated using silica gel (SG) into 22 subfractions. Crude extract, TP fractions, and SG subfractions were screened in a L1210 murine leukemia cell assay and a human DNA catalytic topoisomerase II assay in order to gauge the cancer chemopreventive potential of each genotype. SG subfraction 6 from the cultivated genotype showed >90% inhibitory activity at 25 μg/mL, and a similar fraction from the wild genotype showed >95% inhibitory activity to L1210 leukemia cells at a concentration of 50 μg/mL. On the basis of topoisomerase inhibition, it can be concluded that all TP fractions of the wild genotype act as catalytic inhibitors. Similar anthocyanins and oligomeric proanthocyanidins were identified from both Aronia genotypes; however, HPLC-ESI-MS spectra indicated higher flavonoid concentration in the wild Aronia and a predominance (up to 67%) of nonphenolic compounds in the berries from the cultivated genotype. Both cultivated and wild genotypes exhibited promise toward chemoprevention, but differed in levels of activity in the assays used to determine chemoprotective potential.