辣木茎叶中水溶性多糖的提取及抗氧化活性的研究

主要探讨辣木茎叶中水溶性多糖的提取工艺条件以及抗氧化活性。以辣木茎叶干粉为原料,采用水为提取剂,通过单因素和正交试验对浸提温度、浸提时间及料液比进行研究;采用水杨酸法和邻苯三酚法分别测定辣木多糖对羟自由基以及超氧阴离子的清除率,以确定提取物的抗氧化活性。实验条件下辣木茎叶多糖最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶20(g/mL)、浸提温度80℃、浸提时间120 min,在此条件下,辣木粗多糖的提取率可达5.66%;多糖提取物对羟自由基及超氧阴离子均有清除作用,且随着提取物浓度的提高对二者的清除作用逐渐增强,存在剂量效应关系。清除作用的半数抑制率(IC50)分别是7.252 8 mg/mL和2.501 1 mg/mL。     

响应面法优化西洋参果多糖的提取工艺及其体外抗氧化活性

目的：对西洋参果实中的多糖进行提取,结合响应面法对提取工艺进行优化,并对西洋参果多糖是否具有体外抗氧化活性进行研究。方法：本研究以新鲜的西洋参果实为原料,采用了水提醇沉法提取其中的多糖。用单因素实验以及响应面法对提取工艺进行了优化。从DPPH自由基清除率、羟基自由基清除率以及还原能力三个方面进行果多糖的体外抗氧化活性研究。结果：最佳工艺参数为：提取时间为2.5 h,乙醇浓度为80%,料液比为1:16 g/mL,此时的多糖得率为29.47%±0.65%,与模型预测值相当。在以下三方面考察了西洋参果多糖的体外抗氧化活性：多糖浓度为3.4 mg/mL时,其DPPH自由基清除率达75.14%±0.65%,IC₅₀值为0.71 mg/mL;多糖浓度为3.4 mg/mL时,其羟基自由基的清除率可达71.82%±1.43%,IC₅₀值为0.87 mg/mL;多糖的浓度为1.0 mg/mL时,其总还原力达到了0.730,并且其体外抗氧化能力随西洋参果多糖浓度的增加而增强。结论：抗氧化活性的实验结果说明了西洋参果多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性。本研究可以为西洋参果多...     

漆树籽粕多糖的提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

以脱脂后的漆树籽粕为原料,采用热回流提取漆树籽粕多糖,通过单因素实验和正交实验优化该方法的最佳工艺条件,并进一步研究漆树籽粕多糖对羟自由基和ABTS+自由基的清除能力。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为提取时间2.5 h,料液比1∶20（g∶m L）,提取温度80℃和提取次数2次,此时籽粕多糖的得率为1.561%。漆树籽粕多糖对清除羟自由基和ABTS+自由基的IC₅₀分别为8.515 mg·m L^-1和7.03 mg·m L^-1,当漆树籽粕多糖的浓度为25 mg·m L^-1时,对羟自由基的清除率达到61.5%,当浓度为10 mg·m L-1时,对ABTS+自由基的清除率达到58.4%。体外抗氧化实验表明漆树籽粕多糖抗氧化活性作用明显。      

复合酶法提取辣木籽油及其体外抗氧化活性

以辣木籽为原料,采用水酶法提取辣木籽油,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行研究。以辣木籽油提油率为指标,确定复合酶的组合及比例(蛋白酶∶纤维素酶=2∶1),在单因素试验基础上,采用正交试验优化提取工艺。结果表明水酶法提取辣木籽油的最佳工艺为料液比1∶4 (g/mL)、pH 4、酶添加量3%、酶解温度55℃,在此条件下,辣木籽油的提取率为61.35%。水酶法提取的辣木籽油具有较强的抗氧化活性。5 mg/mL辣木籽油对羟自由基(·OH)和DPPH·清除率分别为80.30%和62.67%。     

超声辅助纤维素酶法提取辣木籽多酚的工艺优化及其体外活性

本实验以辣木籽为原料,研究纤维素酶添加量、乙醇体积分数、纤维素酶解时间、超声时间对辣木籽多酚提取量的影响,并采用响应面法优化超声辅助纤维素酶法提取辣木籽多酚工艺。此外,研究辣木籽多酚的体外抗氧化和降糖降脂活性。结果表明,超声辅助纤维素酶法提取辣木籽多酚最佳工艺为:酶添加量0.30%、乙醇体积分数53.00%、酶解时间31.00 min、超声时间33.00 min,在此条件下,所得辣木籽多酚的提取量为6.90 mg/g,与预测值无显著性差异。辣木籽多酚提取物具有较好的抗氧化活性,对ABTS自由基和DPPH自由基的清除能力的IC₅₀分别为0.76和0.61 mg/mL。同时,辣木籽多酚提取物具有较好的胰脂肪酶和α-淀粉酶抑制活性,其对胰脂肪酶和α-淀粉酶抑制率的IC₅₀分别为1.35和6.55 mg/mL。该研究为辣木籽多酚提取物的提取和应用提供理论依据。     

辣木籽粗多糖的分级提取及抗氧化活性

为了更好地开发与利用辣木籽,以辣木籽为原料,研究了不同体积分数乙醇（20%、40%、60%、80%）分级醇沉得到的辣木籽粗多糖（P20、P40、P60、P80）的单糖组成差异以及抗氧化活性,并采用紫外可见光谱（UV-Vis）和傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）对纯化后的辣木籽多糖结构进行表征。结果表明：4种辣木籽粗多糖的主要成分均为鼠李糖（Rha）、半乳糖（Gal）和葡萄糖（Glc）,其中粗多糖P80中单糖总含量最高（84.09 μg/mg）;在4种辣木籽粗多糖中,P20（1 mg/mL）对DPPH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率均最高,分别为50.24%、34.54%,P40（1 mg/mL）对羟自由基清除率最高,为76.92%,P80的总还原力最强;通过UV-Vis和FT-IR表征可知,不同体积分数乙醇能够对辣木籽粗多糖进行分级醇沉。综上,采用不同体积分数乙醇进行醇沉的辣木籽粗多糖有不同的抗氧化活性,需要根据具体应用有针对性地提取。     

漆树籽粕多糖的提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

以脱脂后的漆树籽粕为原料,采用热回流提取漆树籽粕多糖,通过单因素实验和正交实验优化该方法的最佳工艺条件,并进一步研究漆树籽粕多糖对羟自由基和ABTS+自由基的清除能力。结果表明:最佳工艺条件为提取时间2.5 h,料液比1∶20(g∶m L),提取温度80℃和提取次数2次,此时籽粕多糖的得率为1.561%。漆树籽粕多糖对清除羟自由基和ABTS+自由基的IC_(50)分别为8.515 mg·m L~(-1)和7.03 mg·m L~(-1),当漆树籽粕多糖的浓度为25 mg·m L~(-1)时,对羟自由基的清除率达到61.5%,当浓度为10 mg·m L-1时,对ABTS+自由基的清除率达到58.4%。体外抗氧化实验表明漆树籽粕多糖抗氧化活性作用明显。     

酸枣果肉多糖的提取优化及抗氧化活性研究

以酸枣果肉为原料,采用热水浸提法,在单因素试验的基础上,正交试验法优化最佳提取工艺,初步探讨了酸枣果肉多糖的抗氧化活性。研究结果表明,最佳提取条件为料液比1∶20（g∶mL）,提取温度100 ℃,提取时间2 h,提取2次,在此条件下多糖提取率为（0.951±0.028）%。酸枣果肉多糖质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL时,对·OH的清除率为48.35%;在多糖质量浓度为80 μg/mL时,对O2-·的清除率为43.77%,对DPPH自由基的清除率为52.76%,表明酸枣果肉多糖具有一定的体外抗氧化活性。     

杨树口蘑多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺及其抗氧化活性

研究杨树口蘑多糖的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性。在单因素超声时间、超声功率和料液比实验的基础上,以多糖得率为指标,利用响应面分析法优化超声波辅助提取杨树口蘑多糖工艺,同时测定杨树口蘑多糖对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基及超氧离子自由基的清除能力。结果表明:超声波辅助提取杨树口蘑多糖的最佳提取工艺:超声时间27 min、超声功率410 W、料液比1∶29 (g/mL),在此条件下多糖得率为8.58%±0.02%。超声提取的杨树口蘑多糖具有一定的抗氧化活性,在质量浓度0.05 mg/mL时,对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基和超氧离子自由基的清除率分别为52.25%、49.72%和58.24%,且其质量浓度与抗氧化活性呈量效依赖关系。该实验结果为杨树口蘑多糖的提取以及多糖的性质研究提供理论依据。     

栝楼藤茎多糖的提取工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

选用栝楼的藤茎为原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验设计的方法,对栝楼藤茎多糖的微波辅助提取工艺进行优化;以DPPH自由基清除率、对羟自由基清除率和还原能力为指标,评价栝楼藤茎多糖的体外抗氧化活性。结果表明:微波辅助提取栝楼藤茎多糖的最佳工艺条件为:料液比为1:15(g:mL),微波处理时间为4 min,微波功率为700 W,此提取条件下栝楼藤茎多糖的平均得率为3.71%;抗氧化试验结果显示,清除DPPH自由基和羟自由基的半抑制浓度(IC_(50))分别为1.829 mg/mL和0.52 mg/mL;还原能力测定试验中,当栝楼藤茎多糖的质量浓度为2.5 mg/mL时,在700 nm下的吸光度值达到0.426。说明栝楼藤茎多糖具有抗氧化活性,具有进一步研究的价值。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the