差厚激光拼焊板盒形件的数值模拟研究

拼焊板技术在汽车制造业中得到了广泛的应用。焊缝存在是导致拼焊板成形性能降低的重要影响因素，因此研究控制焊缝移动非常重要。通过对盒形件拉深过程的应力分析，得到了焊缝移动规律。基于非线性隐式算法，选用各向异性屈服准则对盒形件拉深进行了数值模拟；数值模拟中采用阶梯压边圈，并精确建立了焊缝模型。通过对模拟结果的应力、单元厚度分析，比较模拟结果和试验的吻合程度，验证了应力分析和模拟结果的正确性。     

镁合金拼焊板拉深成形焊缝移动规律

采用有限元数值模拟软件对镁合金拼焊板拉深成形时焊缝移动规律进行了数值分析,建立了镁合金拼焊板筒形件拉深成形有限元模型.对AZ31与AZ80镁合金拼焊板拉深成形进行了数值模拟,分析了压边力及变形温度对焊缝移动规律的影响,得到了筒形件底部及侧壁法兰处焊缝的移动规律.结果表明,筒形件底部焊缝向AZ80侧移动,法兰及侧壁处向AZ31侧移动.模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,镁合金拼焊板拉深成形时焊缝移动可以通过非均匀压边力或非均匀温度场来控制.     

某轿车侧围内板冲压成形的数值模拟

对由激光拼焊板制成的整体侧围内板进行了基于Dynaform成形软件的冲压成形模拟及参数的优化,分析了零件在冲压成形过程中的金属流动及应力应变分布规律。根据冲压后的模拟结果,进行参数优化,通过改变压边力、改进等效拉深筋等措施,抑制了成形中焊缝的移动,消除了起皱、破裂等成形缺陷。实践证明,产品质量与数值模拟结果吻合良好。     

差厚拼焊板车门内板冲压成形焊缝移动数值模拟研究

对差厚拼焊板汽车后门内板零件在冲压成形时的焊缝移动进行研究,设定了有限元数值模拟前处理的一些关键参数;建立了车门内板及其模具的三维模型;用分析软件Dynaform进行数值模拟仿真。研究了焊缝位置对成形性及焊缝移动的影响,同时对焊缝移动控制等进行了大量模拟拉深试验。对这些模拟结果进行了分析讨论,最终得到了较合理的结果,并用于指导模具设计。     

汽车B柱拼焊板成形分析及数值模拟

分析了汽车B柱拼焊板成形过程的工艺方案.利用有限元分析软件Dynaform对其成形过程进行了数值模拟.对成形中出现的破裂、起皱和焊缝移动等现象进行了研究.分析了产生缺陷的原因,提出工艺优化措施,最后通过模拟得到了较好的结果,并用生产零件验证了B柱拼焊板拉深成形工艺的可行性.     

汽车封板成形的数值模拟

本文以大众奥迪轿车上的封板零件冲压成形过程为研究对象,以数值模拟方法为研究手段,对一个典型的汽车拼焊板零件的冲压加工过程进行了计算机仿真研究.通过采用分瓣式压边圈的方法,解决了封板零件在成形过程中的起皱,揭示了其在成形过程中的焊缝移动规律.通过调整两侧的压边力,探索出了控制焊缝移动大小的方法,为同类产品的实际生产与工程设计提供了模拟范例和参考.     

轿车前地板焊缝移动研究及仿真分析

前地板属于扁平拼焊板汽车覆盖件,在拉深成形后出现零件刚性不足、焊缝移动等质量问题.针对这些质量问题,在拉深型面中采用拉深槛以提高零件成形的刚度,并通过有限元分析软件Dynaform对其拉深成形中出现的破裂、焊缝移动等现象进行研究,分析产生缺陷的原因,提出工艺改进措施,如增加加强筋和进行焊缝移动补偿.模拟结果表明,优化的拉深成形结果良好,加强筋的设置不仅增加了零件的刚性,而且能一定程度抑制焊缝的移动,同时焊缝反向补偿的方法对焊缝移动的进一步控制起到了有效作用.最后通过实际生产得到了合格的零件,验证了优化结果的可靠性.     

变压边力控制对拼焊板成形性能的影响研究

分析了控制焊缝移动的拼焊板薄厚两侧所需的压边力关系式,并据此提出了变压边力控制方案。通过数值模拟对比分析了不同方案的冲压结果,验证了：减少厚侧压边力可有效的降低焊缝向薄侧的移动量,从而降低薄侧材料应力集中,改善应力状态,大大提高了拼焊板的成形性能。     

焊接理论——一般问题

差厚拼焊板盒形件成形影响因素及焊缝移动规律 研究了拼焊板厚度组合、强度组合及成形过程中焊缝移动问题。通过数值模拟技术,建立了有拉延筋和没有拉延筋情况下的有限元模型,分析了不同板厚组合和不同强度组合对拼焊板成形性的影响,同时分析了拉延筋对焊缝移动量的影响,揭示这些因素影响成形性能的一般规律,提出一种减少焊缝移动的方法。研究结果表明：差厚板薄板与厚板的厚度比值取不低于0．5时,有利于成形极限的提高;     

焊接理论——一般问题

差厚拼焊板盒形件成形影响因素及焊缝移动规律 研究了拼焊板厚度组合、强度组合及成形过程中焊缝移动问题。通过数值模拟技术,建立了有拉延筋和没有拉延筋情况下的有限元模型,分析了不同板厚组合和不同强度组合对拼焊板成形性的影响,同时分析了拉延筋对焊缝移动量的影响,揭示这些因素影响成形性能的一般规律,提出一种减少焊缝移动的方法。研究结果表明：差厚板薄板与厚板的厚度比值取不低于0．5时,有利于成形极限的提高;     

Suggestion of welding procedure for compressive residual stress induction by using low transformation temperature welding materials

ABSTRACT

To understand the cause of compressive residual stress in welded joints, we analysed by numerical analysis the effect of welding pass sequence using low transformation temperature (LTT) welding materials on residual stress around the weld toe of boxing fillet welded joints. It was determined by numerical analysis that the produced compressive residual stress and the influence of the stiffeners are reduced in the equivalent position of the weld toe in a fillet welded joint because of the influence on the behaviour of the stiffener in the weld being due to residual stress distribution around the weld toe. The residual stress reduction method of extending the length of the welded bead and releasing the weld toe from the stiffener, similar to the concept of discarding a bead to reduce tensile residual stress, was effective in fillet welded joints. Numerical analysis of the relationship between residual stress around the weld toe and width of the weld bead in the bead-on-plate welding model clarified that compressive residual stress can be introduced around the weld toe by having a wide width weld bead. In addition, a fully penetrated welded joint was very effective for causing compressive residual stress around the weld toe.     

Influence of weld geometry and mismatch on formability of aluminium tailor welded blanks: numerical and experimental analysis

Abstract

The forming behaviour of tailor welded blanks (TWBs) has been widely studied since its development. In the numerical simulation studies, the TWBs are modelled as blanks composed of two different materials, and often, the presence of the weld bead is neglected in its finite element discretisation. In the present work, the influence of the weld bead shape on the formability of friction stir welded TWBs, is analysed. Several finite element meshes were constructed in order to represent different weld bead geometries and numerical simulations of the cylindrical cup drawing were performed. Strong influence of the weld bead shape on the formability of the TWBs was observed when the weld was in overmatch relatively to the base material, and little influence when the weld was in undermatch condition. Comparison of the numerical results with experimental ones shows that the numerical analysis is able to preview the formability of the TWBs.     

细晶粒钢激光深熔焊接残余应力与裂纹关系分析

残余应力是导致细晶粒钢激光深熔焊时裂纹产生的主要机理之一,对焊接质量有较大影响. 文中基于细晶粒钢激光深熔焊实际焊缝金相组织建立热源模型,采用PDA-5500S岛津光谱元素分析仪提取细晶粒钢化学成分,基于吉布斯函数建立细晶粒钢的温度与流变应力耦合本构关系;同时,通过不同焊接参数下焊缝截面试验数据,在热源模型中设置跟踪点,获取焊缝中实时残余应力,研究不同温度下实时残余应力与细晶粒钢流变应力对焊接缺陷的影响. 结果表明,在相同温度下当实时残余应力高于材料流变应力时,焊缝内产生裂纹;合理提高焊接速度,可降低细晶粒钢焊缝实时残余应力,提高激光深熔焊接质量.     

X90高强度管线钢预精焊冷裂纹形貌及成因

采用力学测试、组织分析、扫描电镜和能谱分析的方法,研究了X90高强度管线钢预精焊的焊接裂纹形貌,并分析了裂纹形成原因.结果表明,X90螺旋焊钢管内焊缝上的横向裂纹为冷裂纹,裂纹在焊缝组织中呈穿晶扩展或沿晶界扩展.X90含有较多的Mn,Cr,Mo,Ni,Cu等合金元素,强度高,导致内焊缝的焊接残余应力高于裂纹的临界应力.内焊道维氏硬度比外焊道的高,且焊缝两侧的硬度分布极不对称,造成了内焊道附近的应力集中和分布不平衡.内外焊缝重合区域的扩散氢不易逸出,其含量较高,在气孔、夹渣等“陷阱”处聚集,导致裂纹产生和断口上大量氢白点形成.焊缝一次结晶所形成的连续细长的树枝晶晶界为裂纹扩展提供了“通道”.     

3D finite element modeling of the thermally induced residual stress in the hybrid laser/arc welding of lap joint

In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element model is developed to investigate thermally induced stress field during hybrid laser–gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. In the hybrid welding case, we focus on the GTAW process sharing common molten pool with laser beam and playing an augment role in the hybrid welding system. An experiment-based thermal analysis is performed to obtain the temperature history, which then is applied to the mechanical (stress) analysis. A modified material model is used to consider the influence of face-to-face contact between the top and bottom metal sheets in the thermo-mechanical analysis of welding lap joints. Results show that the normal stress components prevail in the weld zone during hybrid welding process, and maximum thermal stress exceeding the yield point of material exists at the heat affected zone (HAZ) near the weld pool. Increasing the welding speed causes the penetration and width of weld bead to decrease, and the thermal stress concentration at the welded joint is also reduced accordingly. After welding and cooling down, longitudinal tensile stress (SZ) and transverse compressive stress (SX) are retained in the formed weld, and the higher longitudinal compressive stress exists around the weld bead. In addition, a series of experiments are performed to validate the numerical results, and a qualitative agreement is achieved. Compared to the welded joint obtained by GTAW and laser welding alone, the residual stress concentration in the weld joint obtained by hybrid laser–GTAW is the minimal one.     

激光拼焊板成形性能的数值模拟研究

在拼焊板的数值模拟研究中,如何建立准确的焊缝模型是一个亟待解决的难题。本文通过对母材和拼焊板进行拉伸实验获得拉伸实验数据,并基于等应变假设条件和力平衡条件方程,计算得到拼焊板焊缝的力学性能参数,建立了4种不同的焊缝模型。采用有限元模拟软件Dynaform,分别对4种不同焊缝模型进行拼焊板杯突试验数值模拟。通过对4种焊缝模型模拟结果中杯突值、开裂位置、主应变和试验得到的相应值进行比较,验证了精确焊缝模型的实用性。     

实时超声冲击消减焊接残余应力

为了消减焊接残余应力,在焊接时对熔池后方焊缝的背面进行超声冲击.结果表明,实时超声冲击能够有效地消减焊接残余应力,其消减焊缝纵向残余应力比消减横向残余应力的效果显著.当在弹塑性转变温度区进行冲击,且冲击头直径较小、形状为球冠形时,消减焊接残余应力的效果更好.实时超声冲击消减焊接残余应力的机理是:在焊缝背面施加超声冲击能使焊缝正面产生拉伸塑性变形,抵消更多升温膨胀时所产生的压缩塑性变形,从而消减焊后的残余应力.     

基于Dynaform的激光拼焊板成形性能数值模拟研究

为了解决同种材料、等厚度激光拼焊板在数值模拟研究中如何建立准确的焊缝模型这一难题,通过显微硬度试验测量拼焊板焊接接头焊缝区和热影响区的硬度值,并对这些数据进行分析和计算,得到两个区域的材料力学性能参数,建立焊缝模型,并采用有限元模拟软件Dynaform 5.5对建立的焊缝模型进行数值模拟.通过模拟和试验结果的对比,验证...     

Residual stress and microstructure in welds of 13%Cr–4%Ni martensitic stainless steel

The objectives of the present study were to characterize the distribution of residual stress and the microstructure changes induced by welding in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of 13%Cr–4%Ni used in hydraulic turbine fabrication to deduce best practices. To characterize residual stress after welding, hole-drilling, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the contour method were used on a FCAW 6 passes UNS W41036 (410NiMo) weld deposited on UNS S41500 (13%Cr–4%Ni) stainless steel; the results were put side to side with the weld microstructure and hardness to assess their criticality. Transverse compression was found in and around the last bead of the weld by XRD and hole-drilling. Longitudinal compression stress was found in and around the last bead while longitudinal tension was found near the low-temperature HAZ. The contour method showed that despite high compression in the last bead, high longitudinal tension exists in the rest of the weld and just below the weld. The superposition of both residual stress distribution and results from microstructural characterization shows that in multipass welding of 13%Cr–4%Ni martensitic stainless steel, cracking susceptibility is higher in the weld than in the HAZ, let it be fatigue cracking, environment-assisted cracking or cold cracking during welding. Post-weld heat treatment proved to be very efficient in lowering residual tension found in the first bead and in lowering the hardness of the weld. These results underline the importance of following proper procedures when welding these steels; this being even more true when the assembly is loaded in fatigue.