时效参数和变形量对Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg合金组织和性能的影响

研究了时效参数和变形量对Cu-0．3Cr-0．15Zr-0．05Mg合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明：该合金经920℃固溶1h后在470℃时效4h可获得较高的电导率和硬度，时效过程中析出相为体心立方Cr相和CuZr。变形可以加速第二相的析出，合金经60％变形后在500℃时效15min电导率可达70．49% IACS，而固溶后直接时效仅为43．05％IACS；这时硬度也比固溶后直接时效提高70～80HV。     

Cu-Ag-Zr合金的时效性能

采用真空熔炼的方法制备了Cu-Ag-Zr合金,通过显微硬度测试、电导率测试、TEM分析,研究了Cu-Ag-Zr合金经不同冷变形后在不同时效温度和时效时间下的时效性能.结果表明,Cu-Ag-Zr合金经450℃时效4 h具有较好的显微硬度和电导率,其显微硬度和电导率分别达到126 HV和84.4%IACS;时效前的冷变形能够促进相的析出,改善Cu-Ag-Zr合金的性能;经80%冷变形后在450℃时效0.5 h,Cu-Ag-Zr合金的显微硬度和电导率能分别达到134 HV和84.6%IACS.     

Cu-Cr-Zr合金时效强化机理

研究了不同时效工艺对Cu-0．7Cr-0．13Zr合金硬度、强度和导电率性能的影响,利用透射电镜分析合金时效后的微观形态和析出相。结果表明：在500℃时效30min析出相为Cu5Zr,硬度和导电率可达116．7HV和47％IACS。500℃时效6h后,硬度和导电率为140HV和76％IACS,强度达到峰值430MPa,弥散共格的析出相Cr是强度提高的重要原因,强化效应与采用共格强化机理计算的结果非常接近。合金在500℃时效8h硬度和强度仍具有135．6HV和410MPa,导电率为77％IACS,析出相仍较细小但与基体失去共格关系。     

Cu-0.1Ag-0.26Cr合金的时效析出动力学

采用真空熔炼的方法制备了Cu-0.1Ag-0.26Cr合金,通过显微硬度、电导率测试等方法,对合金的时效性能进行了研究,利用Avrami方程结合时效过程中电导率的变化分析了合金的相变动力学.结果表明:试验合金在450℃时效2h达到电导率和显微硬度的良好结合,导电率87.36％IACS,显微硬度125 HV;合金在500℃时效时的相变动力学方程为f=1- exp( -0.1305t0.3709),导电率方程为σ=54.82+ 35.33×(1- exp(-0.1305t0.3709)).     

高强高导低溶质Cu-Ag-Cr合金时效析出特性的研究

Cu-Ag-Cr合金经时效处理后，显微硬度和电导率都有很大的回升。经480℃时效2h后，硬度峰值为117HV，此时电导率达到94％IACS。利用透射电镜对合金时效过程中析出相的变化及其对显微硬度的影响进行了分析，在峰值状态下，析出相与基体保持共格关系。由于析出相尺寸较大，合金以Orowan机制提高强度，并利用位错理论计算出以Orowan机制强化合金的析出相的临界尺寸，与实验数据十分吻合。     

Cu-Cr-Zr-Ce-Y合金时效析出特性和受电磨损行为研究

对Cu-Cr-Zr—Ce—Y合金时效析出特性、受电滑动磨损形貌及电磨损机理进行研究。结果表明：Cu-0．34Cr-0．06Zr-0．03Ce-0．03Y合金在950℃固溶1h后,在480℃时效处理能获得较高的显微硬度和导电率。时效前冷变形能大大加快析出相的析出,析出相对位错的钉扎作用强烈阻碍合金再结晶的形核和长大,使合金产生明显的时效硬化。固溶合金经60％冷变形后在480℃时效2h,其显微硬度和导电率分别高达163HV和79．78％IACS,而固溶后直接时效时仅为119HV和68．25％IACS。受电磨损时,合金的磨损量随加载电流的提高而增加,其主要磨损机制为粘着磨损、磨粒磨损及电蚀磨损。     

时效对Cu-Fe-P合金显微硬度及导电率的影响

研究了热处理工艺对Cu-Fe-P合金显微硬度及导电率的影响。结果表明，采用常规时效处理工艺其导电率很难达到性能要求，而对冷变形后的合金予以分级时效则可以满足要求，其中导电率可达66．1％IACS,硬度可达119HV。     

接触线用微合金化Cu—Ag—Cr合金时效析出行为和电磨损机理探讨

对真空熔炼制得的微合金化Cu-0．1Ag-0．6Cr合金进行固溶、时效处理后的显微硬度和导电率进行了测试，并利用TEM、SEM对合金析出相和电滑动磨损表面形貌进行了观察和分析。结果表明形变和时效综合作用能显著提高合金的综合性能：该合金经980℃×20min固溶处理、60％变形后，在480℃时效30min可获得良好综合性能，其显微硬度和电导率分别可达165Hv和83％IACS；而固溶后直接时效仅为154HV和78％IACS。在载流条件下，合金的磨损量随加载电流的增加而增大；磨损过程中，粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和电烧蚀磨损等形式交互作用，促进了磨损过程的进行。     

Cu-2.3Ni-0.5Si-0.22Zn-0.06Mg合金时效性能

研究了冷变形、时效温度以及时效时间对Cu-2.3Ni-0.5Si-0.22Zn-0.06Mg合金显微硬度和导电率的影响,并在显微镜下观察了微观组织.结果表明,时效和冷变形可以显著提高合金的显微硬度和导电率,通过改变时效温度和形变可以大大缩短时效时间.该热轧态的合金不经过固溶处理,当预变形达到80％时,在500℃时效lh,其显微硬度和导电率分别达到287 HV和43％ IACS.     

Cu-Ni-Si热轧板坯的变形与时效

研究了变形量及时效温度对Cu—3．2Ni-0．75Si—0．3Zn合金的显微硬度和导电率的影响，在此基础上对该合金薄带的加工工艺进行了探讨。结果表明，合金在400-450℃进行时效可以获得较高的硬度，而高于450℃进行时效，合金硬度开始明显下降；热轧态合金采用加工工艺1—5制得的薄带均可满足性能要求，即导电率＞50％IACS，显微硬度＞160HV。     

Aging Behavior of Cu-Cr-Zr-Ce Alloy

The aging properties of Cu-0.35Cr-0.038Zr-0.055Ce alloy are studied. The results show that can obtain higher electrical conductivity and microhardness after solutioned at 920℃ for lh, and aged at 500℃. The process of precipitation of the secondary phase can be accelerated with cold deformation before aging, so properties of the alloy are improved.Upon aging at 500℃ for 30 minutes after 60% cold deformation, the values of electrical conductivity and microhardness are 69.0%IACS and 152HV respectively, but they are only 66.2%IACS and 136HV upon directly aging after solution. With the addition of a trace of rare earth element Ce, the value of microhardness of Cu-0.35Cr-0.038Zr alloy increases 18～25HV,while the value of electrical conductivity drops a little.     

Microstructure and Precipitate's Characterization of the Cu-Ni-Si-P Alloy

Microstructure of the Cu-Ni-Si-P alloy was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The alloy had 551 MPa tensile strength, 226 HV hardness, and 36% IACS electrical conductivity after 80% cold rolling and aging at 450 °C for 2 h. Under the same aging conditions, but without the cold rolling, the strength, hardness, and electrical conductivity were 379 MPa, 216 HV, and 32% IACS, respectively. The precipitates identified by TEM characterization were δ-Ni₂Si. Some semi-coherent spherical precipitates with a typical coffee bean contrast were found after aging for 48 h at 450 °C. The average diameter of the observed semi-coherent precipitates is about 5 nm. The morphology of the fracture surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy. All samples showed typical ductile fracture. The addition of P refined the grain size and increased the nucleation rate of the precipitates. The precipitated phase coarsening was inhibited by the small additions of P. After aging, the Cu-Ni-Si-P alloy can gain excellent mechanical properties with 804 MPa strength and 49% IACS conductivity. This study aimed to optimize processing conditions of the Cu-Ni-Si-P alloys.     

Aging characteristic of Cu-0.6Cr-0.15Zr-0.05Mg-0.02Si alloy containing trace rare earth yttrium

The aging characteristic of Cu-0.6Cr-0.15Zr-0.05Mg-0.02Si alloy containing trace rare earth yttrium was investigated. The results showed that Cu-0.6Cr-0.15Zr-0.05Mg-0.02Si alloy obtained good comprehensive performance after 80% rolling and then aging at 480℃ for 1 h; the hardness and electrical conductivity reached HV 150 and 85.5% IACS, respectively. Increasing aging temperature accelerated aging precipitation. The time for attaining peak hardness was postponed, the precipitates were finer (2-4 nm), and the interparticle spacing was shorter due to yttrium addition. The hardness and electrical conductivity of the Y-containing alloy after 80% deformation and then aging at 480℃ for 45 min reached HV 174 and 82.1% IACS, respectively.     

Cu-2.8Ni-0.7Si-0.15Mg合金的时效性能

对不同变形量的Cu-Ni-Si-Mg合金进行时效处理,研究了变形量、时效温度及时效时间对合金性能的影响。结果表明,时效前的预冷变形能够促进合金在时效过程中第二相的析出,从而提高合金的显微硬度和导电率。当合金经60%的冷变形,在450℃时效1 h,能获得较高的显微硬度与导电率,分别达到242 HV0.2和35.5%IACS。同时建立了该合金在450℃下,关于时效时间的相变动力学方程和导电率方程。     

Optimization of conductivity and strength in Cu-Ni-Si alloys by suppressing discontinuous precipitation

Cu-Ni-Si alloys with and without Ti were solution treated at 980 °C for 1 h and cooled by air cooling and water quenching, after which the specimens were aged at 500 °C. The two alloys showed different aging characteristics with different cooling rates during the aging process. The conductivity of all alloys increased during aging; for alloys that were water quenched, hardness increased at the early stage of aging and then drastically decreased. The air-cooled Cu-Ni-Si alloy without Ti also experienced an increase in hardness, which then decreased during aging, but the air-cooled Cu-Ni-Si alloy with Ti did not show a drastic decrease in hardness during prolonged aging. A combination of yield strength and conductivity of 820 MPa and 42% IACS, respectively, was achieved in the air-cooled Cu-Ni-Si-Ti alloy after solution treatment.     

Effect of cryorolling on microstructure and property of high strength and high conductivity Cu−0.5wt.%Cr alloy

Cu−0.5wt.%Cr alloy with high strength and high conductivity was processed by cryorolling (CR) and room temperature rolling (RTR), respectively. The microstructure, mechanical property and electrical conductivity of Cu−0.5Cr alloy after CR/RTR and aging treatment were investigated. The results indicate that obvious dislocation entanglement can be observed in matrix of CR alloy. The Cr particles in the alloy after CR and aging treatment possess finer particle size and exhibit dispersive distribution. The peak hardness of CR alloy is HV 167.4, significantly higher than that of RTR alloy. The optimum mechanical property of CR alloy is obtained after aging at 450 °C for 120 min. The conductivity of CR Cu−0.5Cr alloy reaches 92.5% IACS after aging at 450 °C for 120 min, which is slightly higher than that of RTR alloy.     

缓慢升温时效处理对Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr合金性能的影响

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计及电导仪研究了120℃时效的两种不同工艺对Al-5Zn-3Mg-0.1Er-0.1Zr合金力学性能及导电率的影响。结果表明,相较于直接置于120℃时效工艺,采用5 h缓慢升温至120℃时效处理的试验合金的导电率提高至30.77%IACS,硬度、抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别提升至186.6 HV0.2、538 MPa、454 MPa和17.5%。两种时效工艺处理合金的断裂方式均为韧脆混合型断裂,但5 h缓慢升温时效处理合金的韧窝密度较高,剪切面特征减少。     

变形方式对Cu-8.3Fe-1Ag形变原位复合材料组织性能的影响

分别采用冷拉拔和冷轧变形并结合中间退火工艺,制备了丝状和带状形变Cu-8.3Fe-1Ag原位复合材料。用SEM、精密万能试验机、显微硬度计和电阻测量仪对两种变形方式下试样的微观组织、力学性能和导电性能进行了比较研究。微观组织观察表明:冷拉拔和冷轧变形试样的横截面组织形貌有显著差异,前者为基体上分布着弯曲、扭折、交叠的蠕虫状相,后者为基体上定向排列着与冷轧方向平行的平直颗粒相。力学性能和导电率测试结果表明:相同应变量下,冷拉拔变形的抗拉强度、硬度均高于冷轧变形,但二者的导电率几乎相同。应变量达到6.70时,二者的抗拉强度/硬度/导电率分别达到838 MPa/149 HV/58%IACS和924 MPa/160 HV/58%IACS。