丝网印刷法制备染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的研究

采用水热法制备TiO2纳米颗粒,将获得的TiO2纳米颗粒制备成胶体,采用丝网印刷法在FTO表面刷涂制备染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）光阳极,通过扫描电子显微镜对电极表征和电池光电性能测试,探讨印刷层数及入射光强对DSSC光电性能的影响,实验结果表明,将制备的光阳极组装成电池后具有较好的光电性能,当印刷层数为8层、光强为80W／m2时,电池取得最好的光电性能。     

基于正交试验法TiO2纳米薄膜的制备及光电性能的研究

以商业TiO2纳米粉(P25)为原料,将其充分研磨得到胶体,用刮涂和热处理的方法在氟掺杂氧化锡导电玻璃基底上制备TiO2纳米多孔薄膜阳极,并组装成染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC).对TiO2膜进行X射线衍射、扫描电镜表征分析,并对所制备的DSSC进行光电性能测试.采用正交实验设计优化制备TiO2胶体时乙酰丙酮、OP乳化剂、蒸馏水的量和研磨时间,并讨论其对DSSC性能的影响.用在最优参数下所得胶体制备的DSSC的光电转换效率最高,约为4.51％.     

Q235碳钢表面纳米TiO2复合膜的耐腐蚀性能

在低碳钢表面直接制备纳米TiO2薄膜,结合力不强,膜易脱落.为此,以Ni-P化学镀层作基体和膜之间的过渡层,然后采用溶胶凝胶-提拉法在Q235碳钢表面制备了均匀致密的纳米TiO2复合膜.研究了纳米TiO2复合膜的烧结温度、膜厚度对耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:提拉3次,450℃烧结1 h的纳米TiO2复合膜在3%NaCl溶液中耐蚀性能较好;在紫外光照射下膜的腐蚀电位低于Q235碳钢基体,作为非牺牲性阳极对Q235碳钢具有优异的防腐蚀性能.     

内层致密膜的制备过程对溶胶-凝胶复合TiO2薄膜的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在导电玻璃上制备了致密-多孔复合TiO2薄膜,采用场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)和紫外-可见分光光度计,分析了光阳极薄膜的表面形貌和吸光度;用天然染料组装了DSSC,研究了致密膜成膜方式和陈化时间对DSSC电学性能的影响。结果表明:致密膜自然晾干的光阳极具有最好的表面形貌,DSSC具有较大的短路电流,当溶胶陈化时间为48h时,复合TiO2薄膜具有最大的吸光度,制备的DSSC电性能具有最大的开路电压和短路电流。     

阻挡层薄膜对染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同浓度的TiO2溶胶,通过旋转涂覆法在光阳极导电玻璃基底上制备了阻挡层薄膜,以此来阻止导电玻璃基底上光生电子与电解液中I-3的复合,提高了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC,dye-sensitized solar cells)的光电转换效率.研究了不同TiO2溶胶浓度及阻挡层厚度对DSSC光电性能的影响.结果表明,由于阻挡层的引入有效地提高了DSSC的光电性能,最高光电转换效率达到了5.30%,比无阻挡层的DSSC的光电转换效率提高了大约27%.     

染料敏化太阳电池CuAl2O4/TiO2光阳极制备及性能

采用柠檬酸法制备了尖晶石型纳米晶CuAl2O4,将其添加到P25(degussa,TiO2)中,制备成CuAl2O4/TiO2薄膜光阳极,并组装成染料敏化太阳电池(DSSC),对其光电性能进行表征。结果表明:CuAl2O4的加入,电池性能得到提高;当CuAl2O4含量为2%(质量分数)时,与纯TiO2薄膜光阳极相比,光电转化效率提高了39.1%。     

N掺杂TiO2陶瓷膜的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备N掺杂TiO2溶胶,用浸渍-提拉方法将溶胶涂敷在陶瓷膜表面,制备具有抗污染性能的光催化陶瓷膜。光催化与膜分离技术相结合,处理含盐直接耐酸大红4BS染料废水,考察了料液pH值、初始浓度、跨膜压差、膜面流速等因素对含盐染料废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,该复合陶瓷膜对4BS染料的截留率在99%以上,对无机盐的截留率低于1%,光催化膜分离耦合的膜通量较单一膜分离的通量提高90%。     

二氧化钛有序纳米阵列染料敏化太阳能电池光阳极的研究进展

介绍了染料敏化太阳能电池(DSSC)的结构和基本原理,综述了近年来作为DSSC光阳极的TiO2纳米管、纳米线、纳米棒阵列的制备工艺进展,重点介绍了阳极氧化法制备纳米管和水热法制备纳米线和纳米棒.阐述了通过改进TiO2纳米管提高DSSC效率的几种途径,包括优化纳米管的尺寸、改善纳米管的输运性能、在透明基板上生长纳米管、对纳米管进行表面修饰等.最后展望了TiO2纳米阵列DSSC的研究方向.     

TiO2纳米颗粒/纳米线复合光阳极的染料敏化太阳能电池

首先采用水热合成技术制备TiO2纳米线粉末,然后采用溶胶-凝胶技术制备钛酸丁酯溶胶,向溶胶中加入适量的TiO2纳米线制备凝胶浆体,采用浸渍提拉法在透明导电玻璃上制备TiO2纳米颗粒/TiO2纳米线复合薄膜的光阳极.通过XRD、SEM,电池的I-V特性和电化学阻抗谱测试,研究TiO2纳米线的添加量对光阳极的结构、形貌和电...     

ZnO—TiO2染料敏化太阳能电池的制备和性能

采用低温水溶液法制备ZnO纳米花,将其与TiO2纳米颗粒以不同的质量比混合制备成复合浆料,采用刮涂法涂敷在掺氟的SnOz透明导电玻璃（FTO）上制备ZnO纳米花-TiO2纳米颗粒复合薄膜光阳极,与Pt对电极和电解质组装成染料敏化太阳能电池（DSSC）。通过光伏性能和电化学阻抗谱测试分析,研究ZnO纳米花与TiO2纳米颗...     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

可燃气体检测报警器测量结果的不确定度评定

本文详细介绍了可燃气体检测报警器示值误差测量结果的不确定度评定方法。     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。     

心电图机电压测量示值误差测量值的不确定度评定

本文介绍了心电图机电压测量示值误差测量值的不确定度评定与表示方法。     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.