Fast synthesis of monodisperse TiO2 submicrospheres via a modified sol-gel approach

Monodisperse titania glycolate submicrospheres were synthesized by a modified sol-gel route,in which ultrasonic treatment was introduced to improve the reaction efficiency.The as-prepared products were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR),transmission electron microscopy (TEM),powder X-ray diffraction (XRD),and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results indicate that the as-prepared products are titania glycolate submicrospheres with diameters of 230-330 nm.The average particle diameter is estimated to be about 280 nm.Ultrasonic treatment has an important influence on the morphology of the produced titania glycolates.After calcination at 450℃ for 2 h,these titania glycolates were completely converted into anatase TiO2.The morphology of TiO2 particles was well reserved during the calcination process except for a reduction of 18% in the average particle size.     

Effects of PSMA and experimental conditions on the morphologies of BaCO3 whiskers

BaCO3 whiskers exhibiting different morphologies were fabricated by a simple precipitation reaction of barium ch/oride with sodium carbonate in the absence and presence of poly-（styrene-alt-maleic acid） （PSMA） as a crystal growth modifier at room temperature. The as-prepared products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The influences of experimental parameters on the size and morphology of BaCO3 whiskers were investigated and discussed. It was found that the as-prepared BaCO3 whiskers are single crystals with diameter ranging from 100 to 300 run, and grow along the crystallographic a-axis or [100] direction. BaCO3 whiskers with different morphologies, such as branching and dendritic structure, can be obtained depending on the experimental conditions. With increasing PSMA concentration, the diameter of BaCO3 whiskers decreases.     

溶胶凝胶模板法合成ITO纳米管及其氢敏性能

采用简单的溶胶凝胶阳极氧化铝模板法制备了ITO纳米管.通过FE-SEM、HRTEM、XRD对其微观形貌、结构、相组成等进行了表征和分析,并测试了其对H_2的气敏特性.结果表明,所得纳米管是由10～20 nm晶粒组成的多晶结构,壁厚约为25 nm,平均直径约250 nm,与AAO (Anodic Aluminum Oxide)模板的直径相同.产物在550 ℃热处理后为立方铁锰矿结构的In_2O_3,Sn~(4+)已经掺杂到In_2O_3的晶格中.所得ITO纳米管常温下对氢气具有较好的敏感性及稳定性.     

Synthesis of lanthanum hydroxide and lanthanum oxide nanoparticles by sonochemical method

In this work lanthanum hydroxide nanoparticles were synthesized by sonochemical method. La₂O₃ nanoparticles were obtained after calcination of the La(OH)₃ nanoparticles precursor in air at 600 °C for 2 h. The effect of some parameters such as concentration of precursors, pulse time of sonication, time of sonication, and addition of PEG as surfactant on the morphology and the particle size were studied. The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra.     

CuS nanostructures prepared by a hydrothermal method

Without using any surfactant or template, novel CuS three-dimensional (3D) structures consisting of nanosheets were successfully synthesized via a convenient one-step hydrothermal approach. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the as-prepared product was pure hexagonal phase CuS. Scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the as-prepared product comprised 3D microspheres (about 1-3 μm in diameter), which were further constructed with randomly oriented, single-crystalline CuS nanosheets (about 20 nm in thickness). The UV-vis absorption spectrum of the as-synthesized CuS 3D microspheres displayed an optical absorption minimum near 672 nm. Besides, the thermal stability of the as-synthesized CuS 3D microspheres was also studied.     

SnO_2空心球的水热制备与表征

采用简单的水热法制备了SnO_2空心球.通过FE-SEM、TEM、TG-DTA、XRD对其微观形貌、结构、相组成等进行了表征和分析, 对SnO_2空心微球的荧光特性进行了初步探索.结果表明,所得SnO_2空心球是由纳米晶粒组成的多晶结构,壁厚约为15 nm,微球平均直径约为125 nm.产物在550 ℃热处理后为四方晶体结构的SnO_2,荧光光谱分析表明,SnO_2空心球分别在470、818 nm处产生PL特征峰,主要由于缺陷形成杂质带导致.     

以CuSe纳米粒子为催化剂制备超长ZnSe纳米线

采用化学气相沉积的方法,以Zn粉末为原料,CuSe纳米粒子为催化剂,在Si衬底上成功制备了毫米级ZnSe纳米线。用X射线衍射、EDS和SEM对产物的结构、成分和形貌进行了测试与表征。结果表明：生长的ZnSe纳米线为立方闪锌矿结构,长度达0.35～0.7mm,Zn和Se的摩尔比为1？0.97,其室温光致发光谱显示在325nm波长激发下,ZnSe纳米线在439nm处呈现自由激子的强烈发射,表明生长的ZnSe纳米线具有高的结晶质量。纳米线生长符合氧化还原反应下的气液固生长机制,并证明Cu3Zn合金充当了实际的ZnSe纳米线生长催化剂。     

载银TiO2纳米管阵列的光催化和抗菌性能研究

利用阳极氧化法在钛金属基体表面制备高度有序的TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜(TNA),将其浸泡在AgNO3溶液中,通过紫外光照射,得到Ag纳米颗粒负载在TNA表面的复合结构(Ag-TNA)。采用SEM、EDS、XRD、XPS、UV-Vis光谱等手段对Ag-TNA复合结构进行分析,研究了Ag-TNA复合纳米结构的光催化性能、光电化学性能及抗菌性能。结果表明,相对于TNA,Ag-TNA复合结构表现出更为优良的光电化学活性,同时又具有优良的广谱抗菌性能。     

Microwave-assisted synthesis and magnetic properties of size-controlled CoNi/MWCNT nanocomposites

Size-controlled CoNi alloy nanoparticles with average diameters in the range of 15-48 nm attached on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared to form CoNi/MWCNT nanocomposites by microwave-assisted method. The size of CoNi alloy nanoparticles can be controlled through adjusting the atomic ratios of metals to carbon nanotubes in the mixed acetate solution. The as-prepared nanocomposites have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that CoNi alloy nanoparticles are face-centered cubic structure, quasi-spherical and disperse uniformly on the surface of MWCNTs. Magnetic measurement shows that both the coercivity and the saturation magnetization of the samples increase with the increase of the particle size from 15 to 37 nm, and decrease from 37 to 48 nm.     

A simple thermal decomposition-nitridation route to nanocrystalline boron nitride (BN) from a single N and B source precursor

Nanocrystalline boron nitride (BN) was synthesized via a simple thermal decomposition-nitridation route by the reaction of hydrated ammonium tetraborate (NH₄HB₄O₇·3H₂O) and metallic magnesium powders in an autoclave at 650 °C. The crystal phase, morphology, grain size, and chemical composition of the as-prepared products were characterized in detail by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The products were also studied by FT-IR and the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results revealed that the as-synthesized nanocrystalline were h-BN, and they had diameters within 100 nm. They had good thermal stability and oxidation resistance in high temperature.     

以壳聚糖为添加剂制备单分散碳酸钙微粒

以壳聚糖为添加剂,采用无水碳酸钠与氯化钙共沉淀反应制备单分散碳酸钙微粒.利用扫描电镜(SEM),X射线粉末衍射(XRD),傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱(FTIR),热重差热分析(TG-DSC)等方法研究添加剂壳聚糖对碳酸钙的形貌、结构的影响及其形成机制.结果表明,壳聚糖添加剂能有效控制碳酸钙的晶型与形貌.当无添加剂时,所得产物为球霰石与方解石的混合物,形貌为球形与不规则六面体团;当添加少量壳聚糖时,所得的产物主要为层叠结构的斜六面体方解石,并利用周期键链(PBC)理论模型解释了层叠结构.壳聚糖浓度对碳酸钙的晶型与形貌影响不大.碳酸钙微粒表面黏附了部分壳聚糖,其含量随着反应体系中壳聚糖浓度的提高而增大.     

超声喷雾共沉淀法制备纳米铕掺杂钇铝石榴石荧光粉

以NH4HCO3与NH3·H2O的混合溶液为沉淀剂,用超声喷雾共沉淀法获得Eu:YAG粉末先驱体,经一定温度煅烧后得到纳米铕掺杂钇铝石榴石(Eu:YAG)荧光粉。用荧光光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对粉体的结构、物相组成、颗粒形貌进行了研究。详细地研究了不同铕掺杂浓度粉体的发射光谱和激发光谱特性。结果表明:采用超声喷雾技术能获得大小为50～70nm、颗粒度均匀的Eu:YAG纳米颗粒,与溶胶-凝胶等方法制备的颗粒大小与均匀性相比,显示出一定的优势。同时研究还表明,烧结温度对Eu:YAG荧光粉的析晶有重要影响,随着烧结温度的升高,衍射峰逐渐变窄,衍射强度增大,有利于促进YAG相的生成。因此利用超声喷雾共沉淀法制备红色Eu:YAG荧光粉体是一种有效的途径。     

Electrochemical properties of NiO/Co-P nanocomposite as anode materials for lithium ion batteries

NiO/Co-P nanocomposite is prepared by an electroless cobalt plating technique. The as-prepared composite is characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. SEM and TEM images reveal that the NiO particles are about 200 nm in size, which are modified by Co-P nanoparticles of about 30 nm. The electrochemical properties as anode materials for lithium ion batteries are examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and discharge-charge tests. The results show that, compared with the bare NiO without electroless cobalt plating, NiO/Co-P nanocomposite exhibits a smaller polarization and a better rate capability, which is attributed to the Co-P nanoparticles.     

一步法制备四氧化三铁/蒙脱土磁性复合材料(英文)

报道了一步法制备四氧化三铁/蒙脱土磁性纳米复合材料。使用XRD,TEM,VSM对材料进行了相关测试,从测试结果发现,用水热法制备的磁性纳米复合材料具有典型的层型结构。实验结果证明四氧化三铁纳米颗粒分别存在于蒙脱土的层间和片的表面,而且该层型复合材料保持了较高的比表面积(143m2/g)。这种新型磁性层型复合材料对于重金属离子具有很好的吸附能力。     

Al掺杂TiO2介孔材料的合成、表征和光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源、十八水硫酸铝为铝源、三乙醇胺为模板剂,采用研磨-溶胶技术合成了Al掺杂的TiO2介孔材料,并利用XRD、EDS、TEM、BET、UV-vis和IR等手段表征了材料的结构、形貌、比表面积、孔径分布及光学性能.结果表明:Al掺杂能够减小TiO2光催化剂的粒径,提高介孔TiO2的热稳定性;Al掺杂TiO2介孔材料的平均孔径为4.5 nm,比表面积达到110.2 m2/g;相比商用P25和介孔TiO2,Al掺杂介孔TiO2的吸收边发生红移,对初始浓度为20 mg/L的甲基橙进行催化降解1h后,其降解率达到92.5％.     

Morphology control and electrochemical properties of nanosize LiFePO4 cathode material synthesized by co-precipitation combined with in situ polymerization

Nanosize carbon coated LiFePO₄ cathode material was synthesized by in situ polymerization. The as-prepared LiFePO₄ cathode material was systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the morphology of the LiFePO₄ consists of primary particles (40-50 nm) and agglomerated secondary particles (100-110 nm). Each particle is evenly coated with an amorphous carbon layer, which has a thickness around 3-5 nm. The electrochemical properties were examined by cyclic voltammetry and charge-discharge testing. The as-prepared LiFePO₄ can deliver an initial discharge capacity of 145 mAh/g, 150 mAh/g, and 134 mAh/g at 0.2 C, 1 C, and 2 C rates, respectively, and exhibits excellent cycling stability. At a higher C-rate (5 C) a slight capacity loss could be found. However after being charge-discharge at lower C-rates, LiFePO₄ can be regenerated and deliver the discharge capacity of 145 mAh/g at 0.2 C.     

Investigation of preparation and characteristics of Sn-Bi eutectic powders derived from a high shear mechanical approach

Fusible Sn-Bi eutectic alloy particles were synthesized from bulk Sn-Bi alloy via a high-shear mechanical approach. The morphology, composition, and structure of the as-prepared Sn-Bi alloy particles were characterized by XRD, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The particles were found to be spherical and consist of the tetragonal phase of tin as well as the rhombohedral phase of bismuth. In addition, there were large amounts of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) coated on the particles.     

Large-scale syntheses of uniform ZnO nanorods and ethanol gas sensors application

Uniform ZnO nanorods with a gram scale were prepared by a low temperature and solution-based method. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The results showed that the sample had uniform rod-like morphology with a narrow size distribution and highly crystallinity. Room-temperature PL spectra of these nanorods show an exciton emission around 382 nm and a negligible deep level emission, indicating the nanorods have high quality. The gas-sensing properties of the materials have been investigated. The results indicate that the as-prepared nanorods show much better sensitivity and stability. The n-type semiconductor gas sensor exhibited high sensitivity and fast response to ethanol gas at a work temperature of 400 °C. ZnO nanorods are excellent potential candidates for highly sensitive gas sensors and ultraviolet laser.     

Preparation of porous flower-like ZnO nanostructures and their gas-sensing property

Porous flower-like ZnO nanostructures have been synthesized by a template-free, economical hydrothermal method combined with subsequent calcination. Calcination of the precursors produced flower-like ZnO nanostructures, composed of interconnected porous ZnO nanosheets with high porosity resulting from the thermal decomposition of the as-prepared precursors, i.e., flower-like basic zinc carbonate (BZC). Moreover, the nanostructures have been characterized through X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric-differential thermalgravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller N₂ adsorption-desorption analyses. Compared with ZnO nanorods, the as-prepared porous flower-like ZnO nanostructures exhibit a good response and reversibility to some organic gas, such as ethanol and acetone. The sensor responses to 100 ppm ethanol and acetone are 21.8 and 16.8, respectively, at a working temperature of 320 °C. In addition, the sensors also exhibited a good response to 2-propanol and methanol, which indicate that these porous flower-like ZnO nanostructures are highly promising for applications of gas sensors.     

氨化Ga2O3 /Nb膜制备的GaN纳米线的光学和微观结构特性的研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术在硅衬底上制备Ga2O3/Nb薄膜,然后在900℃下于流动的氨气中进行氨化制备GaN纳米线.用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜详细分析了GaN纳米线的结构和形貌.结果表明:采用此方法得到的GaN纳米线有直的形态和光滑的表面,其纳米线的直径大约50nm,纳米线的长约几个微米.室温下以325nm波长的光激发样品表面,只显示出一个位于367 nm的很强的紫外发光峰.最后,简单讨论了GaN纳米线的生长机制.