高温烟道气浓缩酒精废液实践

酒精废液浓缩燃烧是彻底治理酒精废液污染的方法,利用烟道气进行酒精废液的浓缩是最经济的方式,而用高温烟道气浓缩酒精废液至高浓度是一个难题。本文介绍一种利用层流、柱流、雾状复合热交换的倒U型酒精废液浓缩器用高温烟气将16～18○Bx的酒精废液浓缩为62～68○Bx直接焚烧,中试规模达到18m3/d废液处理量。     

淀粉酶废液在酒精生产中的应用研究

将中温α-淀粉酶和糖化酶的发酵废液添加到利用木薯粉生产酒精中,通过实验研究酶废液的添加对酒精产量以及对发酵过程中酿酒酵母的影响.实验证明,添加酶废液可以提高0.6％的酒精产量;在酒精发酵过程中,对酵母生长的负作用不明显.     

魔芋精粉湿法生产废液再利用研究

利用正交实验设计,研究用混凝剂PAC和助凝剂PAM对 魔芋湿法生产废液进行混凝处理,以回收溶剂--酒精溶 液。考察了混凝剂的投入量、助凝剂的投入量、溶液的pH、 混凝时间、混凝温度对混凝效果的影响。研究结果表明, PAC的投入量为300mg／L,PAM的投入量为12mg/L,溶 液pH为4.0,温度为30℃,搅拌时间为10min时,对魔芋 湿法生产废液的处理达到最为满意的效果,酒精的回收率 达到94.6％,蛋白质的去除率达到99.0％以上,COD的去 除率达到92.0％,透光率达到99.0％以上。     

酒精蒸馏废液全循环工艺研究

研究了酒精蒸馏废液全循环对玉米粉液化、糖化和发酵的影响,结果表明,当液化酶用量达到14U/g、糖化酶用量为120U/g(玉米粉)时,蒸馏废液对液化无影响,而对糖化有促进作用;蒸馏废液能一定程度地促进酵母的生长,提高酵母耗糖速率;蒸馏废液经过25次循环发酵,酒精平均浓度在15.07%,平均糖利用率91.7%。蒸馏废液全循环工艺,解决了发酵法酒精生产中的污染问题,实现了发酵法酒精清洁生产。     

羊肚菌菌丝体液体发酵醋的研制

研究以豆渣为基料液态培养羊肚菌菌丝体,并通过酒精发酵和醋酸发酵获得具有功能性的食用茵醋.结果显示,利用豆渣为基料培养食用菌,有利于豆渣中营养物质利用,菌丝体生长速度较快,菌丝体均匀.羊肚菌菌丝体培养的优化条件为:豆渣基料9%、葡萄糖2%、MgSO40.1%、KH2PO40.05%,接种量10%,26℃恒温振荡培养2d,羊肚菌菌丝体生物量达2.2g/100mL;酒精发酵的优化条件为:将可溶性固形物调到12Birx,酵母菌接种量0.1%,30℃恒温培养6d,酒精度达7%(V/V);醋酸发酵的优化条件为:250mL三角瓶装液量为100mL,醋酸菌接种量为8%,30℃恒温培养6d,醋酸含量为5.03g/100mL,达到了食醋的标准.     

糖蜜酒精废液燃烧处理技术研究

针对糖蜜酒精废液的综合治理问题 ,提出了用燃烧法处理酒精废液。糖蜜酒精废液先浓缩到 6 0°～ 70°BX,再送进专用的酒精废液锅炉内高温燃烧处理 ,使糖蜜酒精废液处理达到零排放 ;糖蜜酒精废液燃烧产生的热量 ,经酒精废液锅炉的受热面吸热产生蒸汽 ,可满足酒精生产用汽和糖蜜酒精废液浓缩用汽 ,达到变废为宝的处理目的。我们所提供的这种糖蜜酒精废液的处理方法 ,具有“真正零排放 ,运行成本低 ,投资有回报”的突出特点 ,应用前景广阔     

魔芋精粉湿洁生产废液再利用研究

利用正交实验设计,研究用混凝剂PAC和助凝剂PAM对魔芋湿法生产废液进行混凝处理,以回收溶剂--酒精溶液.考察了混凝荆的投入量、助凝剂的投入量、溶液的pH、混凝时间、混凝温度对混凝效果的影响.研究结果表明,PAC的投入量为300mg/L,PAM的投入量为12mg/L,溶液pH为40,温度为30℃,搅拌时间为10min时,对魔芋湿法生产废液的处理达到最为满意的效果,酒精的回收率达到94.6%,蛋白质的去除率达到99.0%以上,COD的去除率达到92.0%,透光率达到99.0%以上.     

日本糖蜜酒精废液处理技术

日本主要将糖蜜酒精废液中的有机成分转变为腐植酸，制成含50％以上有机质的肥料。将含CODl％以上的酒精废液蒸发浓缩后制成颗粒肥料；中浓度和低浓度废液经曝气处理后与冷却水混合排入海中。(孙悟)     

糖蜜酒精成熟醪回收酵母产品的可行性研究

研究甘蔗糖蜜酒精成熟醪离心回收酒精酵母新工艺,实现酒精与酵母产品的联产:成熟醪离心分离后蒸馏废液比直接蒸馏废液的SS下降了53.3%,COD下降了34%,BOD下降了56.9%;酒精废液和废酵母洗涤液回用于稀释糖蜜,新工艺废液回用率达15%,比原工艺废液回用率提高3倍,洗涤液最佳回用率达50%;酒精酵母几项重要质量指标达到食品级,且总糖含量高于鲜酵母,有良好的开发前景.本研究可以达到减轻蒸馏塔结垢、降低废液处理成本和提高生产附加产值三赢的效果.     

蔗汁酒精废液中的黄酮类物质含量及其抗氧化活性的分析

采用分光光度法测定了蔗汁酒精废液中的黄酮类物质含量,研究了蔗汁酒精废液中抗氧化物质的抗氧化活性及其对自由基的清除效果,并将其与茶多酚进行比较。结果表明,蔗汁酒精废液色素的抗氧化活性为茶多酚的87．8％,具有较好的应用前景。     

米根霉L- 乳酸发酵菌丝球形成条件的研究

研究米根霉CS323-9 在摇瓶培养条件下影响菌丝成球及产乳酸的因素。考察(NH4)2SO4 质量浓度、接种量、摇瓶转速及表面活性剂吐温-80 用量4 个因素,再利用L9(34)的正交试验,对菌丝球形成及产酸的条件进行优化。结果表明：(NH4)2SO4 质量浓度4g/L、接种量7%、摇瓶转速200r/min、吐温-80 用量0.5g/L 时,摇瓶发酵菌丝球数目达115 个/mL、菌丝球平均直径为1.2mm、L- 乳酸积累量为78.9g/L。说明米根霉CS323-9 在摇瓶培养条件下菌丝球的形成与乳酸的积累有较大的相关性。     

米曲霉3.951菌株与RIB40菌株高产原生质体的制备及再生条件的研究

针对2株米曲霉进行原生质体制备条件的研究,比较了制备材料、菌龄、渗透压稳定剂、复合酶配比、酶解时间以及酶解温度对米曲霉原生质体形成和再生的影响。结果表明,2株米曲霉原生质体制备的最适宜条件稍有差异,其中米曲霉3.951菌株原生质体制备和再生的适宜条件是:以菌丝为制备材料,菌龄为14 h,渗透压稳定剂为0.8 mol/L NaCl,复合酶配比为1.0%纤维素酶、1.0%裂解酶、0.l%蜗牛酶,酶解时间为3 h,酶解温度为35℃;米曲霉RIB40的适宜条件是:以菌丝制备材料,菌龄为12 h,渗透要稳定剂为0.8 mol/L NaCl,复合酶配比是为1.0%纤维素酶、1.0%裂解酶、0.l%蜗牛酶,酶解时间为3 h,酶解温度是35℃。在优化条件下米曲霉3.951菌株释放的原生质体达6.43×107个/g,再生率可达23.5%,米曲霉RIB40释放的原生质体可达4.24×107个/g,再生率达22.41%。     

Functionality of selected strains of moulds and yeasts from Vietnamese rice wine starters

The role of starch-degrading mycelial fungi, and the alcohol production and ethanol tolerance of the yeasts isolated from selected Vietnamese traditional rice wine starters were examined, and optimum conditions for these essential steps in rice wine fermentation were determined. Of pure isolates from Vietnamese rice wine starters, mould strains identified as Amylomyces rouxii, Amylomyces aff. rouxii, Rhizopus oligosporus and Rhizopus oryzae, were superior in starch degradation, glucose production and amyloglucosidase activity during the saccharification of purple glutinous rice. A. rouxii was able to produce up to 25%w/w glucose with an amyloglucosidase activity up to 0.6 Ug(-1) of fermented moulded mass. Five yeast isolates identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae were selected for their superior alcohol productivity. They were able to deplete a relatively high initial percentage of glucose (20% w/v), forming 8.8% w/v ethanol. The ethanol tolerance of S. cerevisiae in challenge tests was 9-10% w/v, and 13.4% w/v as measured in fed-batch fermentations. Optimum conditions for the saccharification were: incubation for 2 d at 34 degrees C, of steamed rice inoculated with 5 log cfu g(-1); for the alcoholic fermentation 4 d at 28.3 degrees C, of saccharified rice liquid inoculated with 5.5 log cfu mL(-1).     

对羟基苯甲醇对灰树花产胞外多糖的影响及其发酵动力学

通过向灰树花发酵液中添加不同质量浓度梯度的对羟基苯甲醇,分析其对灰树花菌体生长和胞外多糖合成的影响,并且进一步研究了添加对羟基苯甲醇后发酵液中菌丝体生长、残糖（还原糖）含量、胞外多糖产量、pH值、对羟基苯甲醇和天麻素含量的变化情况,并做动力学分析。结果表明：当对羟基苯甲醇添加量为200 mg/L时效果最佳,相比于空白组（未添加对羟基苯甲醇）使菌丝体生物量提高了22.73%,胞外多糖产量提高了10.24%,均显著高于空白组（P＜0.05）。动力学研究结果表明：在整个发酵过程中,灰树花生长从第8天趋于稳定,葡萄糖作为碳源不断被消耗并且胞外多糖逐渐合成,到第10天二者趋于稳定。此外,对羟基苯甲醇含量减少,部分转化为天麻素。     

天麻中香草醇对灰树花菌丝体生物量和胞外多糖合成的影响

目的 探讨高血压亚急症患者循环内皮祖细胞(EPC)功能的改变以及一氧化氮(NO)、肱动脉血流介导的内皮依赖性舒张功能(FMD)与EPC功能的关系。方法 招募高血压亚急症患者13例,血压正常者20例(对照组),取外周血提取原代EPC培养后以Transwell小室和CCK-8法评估EPC的迁移、黏附和增殖能力,通过检测FMD、血浆和EPC分泌的NO、粒-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)水平评估血管内皮功能。结果 高血压亚急症组与对照组相比,EPC细胞功能(包括迁移、增殖和黏附能力)明显下降(P＜0.05);血浆及EPC分泌的NO水平有明显差异(P＜0.05);血浆及EPC分泌NO水平均与EPC迁移、黏附和增殖能力呈明显的线性关系(P＜0.05);FMD与EPC迁移、黏附和增殖能力具有明显相关性(P＜0.05)。两组血浆和EPC分泌的GM-CSF、VEGF、IL-6水平均无明显差异(P＞0.05)。结论 相对血压正常者,高血压亚急症人群的EPC功能(迁移、黏附和增殖)明显下降,且NO水平和FMD均与EPC功能正相关。     

Growth of Aspergillus oryzae during treatment of cassava starch processing wastewater with high content of suspended solids

Aspergillus oryzae IFO 30113 was used for the treatment of the cassava starch processing (CSP) wastewater. The observations on the fungal morphology showed that, in the shake flasks containing the CSP wastewater with the high concentration of suspended solids, the formation of pellets originated from the adherence of germinated spores to solid particles in medium. The attached solid particles were also digested during the fungal fermentation and resulted in the formation of the smooth and hollow pellets. The changes of the culture conditions such as inoculum size, initial pH of wastewater, inoculum type and nutrient elements affected on the fungal morphology, biomass accumulation and treatment efficiencies of A. oryzae IFO 30113. In the typical pH range (pH 4-5) of the CSP wastewater, the formation of smooth pellets was predominant and A. oryzae IFO 30113 was satisfiable for the production of fungal biomass and treatment efficiencies. The supplementation of nitrogen sources has shown an improvement in the fungal biomass accumulation and the treatment efficiency of A. oryzae IFO 30113 growing in the CSP wastewater. Especially, high biomass yields (up to 0.8 g/g-COD) were achieved in flasks supplied with peptone. With ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source, 87% total organic carbon (TOC), 91% COD and 94% starch were removed after 96-h incubation. The possibility of the pellet formation despite the presence of the high content of suspended solids would be of great advantage to perform the treatment process and the fungal biomass production on the airlift-type bioreactors by lowering medium viscosity and better mass exchange of oxygen and nutrients.     

Optimization of Calvatia gigantea mycelia production from distillery wastewater

The focus of wastewater management has evolved from treatment technology into resource recovery, which enables one to minimize contaminants and to generate value‐added products. Calvatia gigantea is used not only as a source of food, but has also been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. In this study, the mycelial production of C. gigantea was studied under submerged fermentation conditions using non‐pretreated distilled wastewater from Chinese liquor production. The fermentation medium composition was optimized using response surface methodology involving a Box–Behnken design. Fermentation conditions were optimized using an orthogonal experimental design. The optimized medium composition was the non‐pretreated distilled wastewater of Chinese liquor supplemented with cornflour at 2.35 g/100 mL, (NH₄)₂SO₄ at 1.11 g/100 mL and CuSO₄ at 0.12 g/100 mL. The optimized fermentation conditions were a rotation speed of 150 rpm, an inoculum size of 10% (v/v), a fermentation temperature of 26 °C and a fermentation time 4.5 days. A maximum mycelial biomass yield of 2.75 g/100 mL was achieved using the optimized medium under the optimized conditions. Results from this study suggest that this is a feasible technology for the mycelial production of C. gigantea using the non‐pretreated distilled wastewater from Chinese liquor production. Copyright © 2015 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

玉米芯载体吸附法固定化米根霉发酵L-乳酸的工艺条件

研究玉米芯作为部分替代碳源及载体固定化米根霉R-1发酵L-乳酸的工艺条件,考察玉米芯作为替代碳源的利用率及作为载体的添加比例和最佳粉碎粒度。研究表明：米根霉R-1以玉米芯为碳源,其利用率达14.9%;玉米芯作为部分替代碳源与葡萄糖混合发酵时最佳比例为1:4,此比例下葡萄糖对L-乳酸的转化率高达82.5%,较纯葡萄糖发酵提高了14.6%;玉米芯载体的最佳粉碎粒度为40目,此条件下米根霉R-1发酵混合碳源产酸达到34.68g/L,并形成直径为0.5～1.0mm具有连续发酵能力的固定化菌丝球,连续发酵6批,葡萄糖对L-乳酸的平均转化率为83.1%。由此得出,玉米芯可以作为良好的载体及原料直接发酵产L-乳酸。     

两株米曲霉菌种的发酵性能研究

将2株米曲霉扩大培养后用于生产试验,并将其发酵酱油的性能进行对比。结果表明,米曲霉1号酱油的氨基酸态氮、pH值、A530 nm、总氮低于米曲霉2号菌,总酸高于米曲霉2号;米曲霉2号酱油的游离氨基酸总含量为6.05 g/100 mL,是米曲霉1号（4.18 g/100 mL）的1.45倍;米曲霉1号酱油中醇类物质、酸类物质和醚类物质相对含量分别达61.53%、14.16%和1.26%,高于米曲霉2号的57.3%、13.07%和0.46%,而酯类物质（3.73%）、酮类物质（1.83%）和醛类物质（16.33%）低于米曲霉2号的3.96%、1.95%和21.31%;米曲霉1号酱油香气浓郁偏醇香味,米曲霉2号酱油香气浓郁偏酯香;米曲霉2号酱油的加热沉淀达到204 mm2,远高于米曲霉1号酱油的25 mm2。加热后过滤可去除米曲霉2号酱油中的沉淀。     

机械搅拌生物反应器的CFD 模拟及其在发酵生产乳酸中的应用

用计算流体力学(CFD)方法中的Mixsim 模拟3L 机械搅拌生物反应器中不同搅拌转速对搅拌流场的影响,结果显示Mixsim 软件可以很好的模拟机械搅拌生物反应器工作过程中的流场变化。在高转速下,剪切速率较大,菌丝体98% 以上为菌丝体小球,直径在0.1～0.3mm,菌体生长速度慢,产乳酸质量浓度较低;低转速下产生的剪切速率较小,菌体大部分为菌丝形态,产乳酸质量浓度较高,但是大量菌丝不利于后期发酵的进行。在400r/min下米根霉发酵产乳酸质量浓度最高,为106.7g/L,菌体80% 以上为1.0～1.5mm 左右的菌丝球,通过CFD 模拟得到该条件下的剪切速率最大值为1.58m/s。