直立独龙蔓不同高度结果部位对葡萄酒香气物质成分的影响

以宁夏玉泉营农场直立独龙蔓整形方式下酿酒葡萄梅鹿辄、赤霞珠和霞多丽为试验材料,研究不同高度结果部位对葡萄酒香气物质成分及含量的影响。结果表明,梅鹿辄、赤霞珠、霞多丽三个供试品种不同结果部位葡萄酒中香气物质总量均表现为上层结果区＞中层结果区＞下层结果区,其中主要香气物质酯类和醇类的相对含量占比均为上层结果区＞中层结果区＞下层结果区。通过对香气成分进行主成分分析,初步确定了各品种不同高度结果部位葡萄酒特征性香气成分。建议改变宁夏产区整形方式,使结果部位保持在同一高度,以获得香气物质含量一致的优质葡萄酒。     

由多酚物质剖析葡萄酒的差异性

不同的葡萄酒都有其特征性,这取决于葡萄品种、生长环境、酿酒工艺等因素.但即使在相同葡萄品种、生长在同一区域、相同工艺条件情况下,不同产地的葡萄酒仍存在着某些差异.以烟台地区蛇龙珠葡萄为例,剖析葡萄酒中多酚物质的微小变化.结果表明,多酚物质是葡萄酒存在差异性的主要原因之一.     

主成分分析法研究酚类物质对葡萄酒品质的影响

利用主成分分析法研究了葡萄酒中酚类物质对葡萄酒品质的影响.结果表明,几茶素、没食子酸、绿原酸和芦丁对葡萄酒品质影响最大.儿茶素、没食子酸的影响是正面的,芦丁和绿原酸的影响是负面的.     

不同产区葡萄酒多酚物质抗氧化活性差异及相关性分析

以西北部产区(焉耆盆地、吐哈盆地、天山北麓、伊犁河谷)及中部产区(河北产区)葡萄酒为样本,测定其多酚组成及抗氧化能力,分析样品间差异性及相关性,探究影响抗氧化功效的单体酚物质.通过对酚类物质含量、DPPH、ABTS+、羟自由基清除率的测定,结果显示,西北部产区样品酚类物质含量高,且种类丰度较高;焉耆与伊犁产区葡萄酒抗氧...     

后处理工艺对红葡萄酒多酚物质和色度的影响

研究了后处理工艺对葡萄酒色度和多酚物质含量的影响,为合理制定工艺提供依据.实验表明,下胶、冷冻和膜过滤等后处理工艺都不同程度的降低了葡萄酒的色度和总酚含量,降低了葡萄酒的外观颜色和品质,其中大的下胶量和长时间冷冻处理对葡萄酒的色度和总酚含量影响最大,最大下降比率分别为16.0％、6.7％和14.7％、14.2％,而从勾兑到灌装,所有处理使色度和总酚累计下降25.3％、18.8％;对如何降低后处理工艺对葡萄酒色度和多酚的影响,提出了可行性建议.     

花生蔓不同部位黄酮含量的研究

花生蔓中含有丰富的黄酮类化合物,采用分光光度法,以芦丁为标准品,测定花生蔓中不同部位总黄酮含量.通过L9(34)正交试验设计,考察了提取条件与黄酮提取量的关系.结果表明,花生蔓中黄酮类物质的最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度60%,提取温度65℃,料液比1g∶40ml,超声时间20min.     

牡丹不同部位多酚含量研究

本研究以牡丹根、茎、叶、花为原料,用乙醇作为浸提剂,对牡丹多酚提取沉淀时铝用量及pH值进行了研究。以正交试验研究了多酚沉淀转溶的工艺参数,对牡丹根、茎、叶、花中多酚含量进行了分析。结果表明,AlCl3法沉淀牡丹多酚的条件为:0.1mol/LAlCl3溶液用量2.5ml,pH5.3。牡丹多酚沉淀的最佳条件为:硫酸浓度1mol/L,料酸比1:1(V/V),温度55℃,时间5min。牡丹各部位多酚含量从高到低分别为:根、叶、茎、花。     

葡萄酒中多酚物质抗氧化活性测定方法的研究

对葡萄酒中酚类物质抗氧化活性检测方法的研究状况进行概述,重点阐述了体外非酶法测定抗氧化活性的几类方法,比较了它们的优缺点;分析了国内外抗氧化测定方法的使用现状,并展望了抗氧化活性的测定方法。     

花生衣中原花青素及多酚物质含量分析研究

研究用香草醛-盐酸法测定花生衣中原花青素含量以及用紫外法测定多酚物质含量的方法。对香草醛-盐酸法测定花生衣中原花青素含量的方法进行因素研究,在25℃以下温度的"6 mL5%香草醛-乙醇溶液+3 mL浓盐酸"体系中加入0.5 mL反应液,以499 nm为测定波长,以吸光值相对稳定时间为显色时间,测得白、红两种花生衣中原花青素含量差异不大,同时以紫外法测得两种花生衣多酚物质含量也差异不大。试验比较了几种花生衣中原花青素含量与多酚物质含量,结果表明花生衣中多酚物质主要成分是原花青素类物质。     

利用多酚/蛋白互作模型研究多酚对葡萄酒涩感的影响

研究不同红葡萄酒中不同聚合度的酚类物质与蛋白质相互作用的差异性,找出影响涩感的关键成分,为葡萄酒酿造工艺的改良及葡萄品种的选育提供理论依据。以不同品种的红葡萄酒为材料,利用C18固相萃取柱将葡萄酒的酚类物质分离为单体酚、低聚物、高聚物三部分,测定其总酚、总黄烷醇含量,采用SDS-PAGE及荧光光谱法研究不同酚类物质与蛋白质的相互作用。测得红葡萄酒的总酚和总黄烷醇含量存在显著差异,红葡萄酒中不同组分的总酚和总黄烷醇含量表现为:单体酚低聚物高聚物。SDS-PAGE及荧光光谱实验的结果显示高聚物对蛋白质的影响较强,单体酚与低聚物则因酒而异。葡萄酒中不同聚合度的成分对涩感的影响不同。因此,在葡萄品种选择和葡萄酒酿造工艺改良的过程中可以根据目标而进行酚类物质的控制,特别是高聚物的调控。     

Fermentation temperature and the phenolic and aroma profile of persimmon wine

Persimmon wine may offer nutritional and medicinal value as it contains compounds that may be beneficial to health. Product quality is impacted by fermentation and this study investigated the influence of different fermentation temperatures on the phenolic content, aroma profile and antioxidant activity of persimmon wine. Low ethanol concentration and high residual sugar content were found in wine fermented at low temperature (15°C) leading to sluggish fermentation. The majority of phenolic compounds determined by spectrophotometric and HPLC methods increased as temperature increased from 15 to 25°C, and then decreased at 30°C. However, total tannins, total flavonids and antioxidant activity, including reducing power and radical scavenging with DPPH, hydroxyl and ABTS, were enhanced by elevated temperature. For wine aroma, GC–MS demonstrated increased isoamyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol, acetic acid 2‐phenylethyl ester, decanoic acid ethylester and 1‐butanol‐3‐methyl‐acetate. These results provided some basic insights for the quality control and commercial development of persimmon wine. © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

Effect of polyphenols on the perception of key aroma compounds from Sauvignon Blanc wine

Background and Aims:  Sensory wine research has mainly focused on the role of volatile compounds and their contribution to the aroma profile. Wines also contain polyphenolic compounds, which are not volatile. This research begins to investigate the interactions of volatile and non-volatile wine compounds and the consequential effects on sensory perception of aroma.
Methods and Results:  Trained panellists of this study measured the perception of four aroma compounds (isobutyl methoxypyrazine, 3-mercaptohexanol, 3-mercaptohexanol acetate and ethyl decanoate) in wine. Panellists assessed the four compounds in combinations with three polyphenols (catechin, caffeic acid and quercetin) commonly found in white wine. The perception of isobutyl methoxypyrazine, 3-mercaptohexanol and ethyl decanoate was largely suppressed by the added polyphenols, while the perception of 3-mercaptohexanol was accentuated with the addition of caffeic acid. Of the three polyphenols, only catechin had a slight effect of accentuating the mercaptohexanol acetate perception.
Conclusions:  Results showed each polyphenol had a unique effect when blended with a specific aroma compound, either suppressing, accentuating or showing little effect on the perception of the aroma compounds.
Significance of the Study:  Understanding these interactions can assist winemakers in managing polyphenol levels to optimize selected volatile compounds to achieve desirable aroma profiles.     

Addition of phenolic acids on the reduction of methanol content in wine

ABSTRACT:  Utilization of phenolic acids, including gallic acid, coumaric acid, caffic acid, cinnamic acid, and ferulic acid, for methanol reduction in wine was investigated. Enzyme activities of pectinesterase and pectin lyase decreased significantly when 0.1 mg/L of gallic acid, coumaric acid, caffic acid, cinnamic acid, or ferulic acid was added. However, no inhibition on polygalacturonase activity was observed when 0.5 mg/L of phenolic acid was added. Methanol content in commercial pectic enzyme (CPE) group increased from 11.53 ± 1.34 to 56.67 ± 3.75 ppm in the final products. Adding gallic acid or coumaric acid with CPE inhibited the increase of methanol production. In addition, when 0.2 mg/L of phenolic acid (gallic acid or coumaric acid) was added, the amount of total phenolic acid released from CPE + gallic acid or CPE + coumaric acid groups became higher than CPE group by approximately 466 and 539 mg/L, respectively. In conclusion, the values of lightness, red content, yellow content, total pigment, and total phenolic acid increased in the presence of gallic acid or coumaric acid with CPE, suggesting that adding gallic acid or coumaric acid into winemaking process is a potential method for reducing methanol content, improving wine quality, as well as increasing healthy compounds in wine production.     

橡木桶陈酿对红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇含量的影响

研究了不同产地橡木材质、不同容积的橡木桶对梅鹿辄干红葡萄酒进行陈酿处理后干红葡萄酒中白藜芦醇含量的影响。试验结果表明,使用法国卢浮橡材质橡木桶陈酿的干红葡萄酒比美国白栎材质橡木桶的白黎芦醇含量高0．06mg／L;使用225L橡木桶陈酿的干红葡萄酒比300L的橡木桶的白黎芦醇含量高0．03mg/L。     

超声波处理对红葡萄酒总酚、总黄酮含量及自由基清除活性的影响

应用超声波处理红葡萄酒,探讨超声因素（超声频率,超声功率,超声处理温度,超声时间）对红葡萄酒中总酚、总黄酮含量及自由基清除活性的影响。结果表明超声处理会使红葡萄酒总酚含量、总黄酮含量与自由基清除活性显著降低（p<0.05）。超声处理红葡萄酒后,其抗氧化活性与其总酚含量呈高度正相关,回归方程为y=0.0270x+38.806（R2=0.9007,p<0.01）;其抗氧化活性与其总黄酮含量亦存在一定线性关系,回归方程为y=0.0592x+37.357（R²=0.4970,p<0.05）。在本文实验条件下根据实验结果可以推知,超声处理后红葡萄酒自由基清除活性的降低,部分是由于总酚含量和总黄酮含量降低所引起的。      

葡萄含糖量对蛇龙珠葡萄酒品质的影响

选取蛇龙珠葡萄为研究对象,对葡萄初始含糖量与蛇龙珠葡萄酒品质的关系进行研究.结果表明,随着初始含糖量的增加,葡萄酒中的总酚含量呈上升趋势,这有利于增加红葡萄酒的色泽及感官质量.初始含糖量增加,多数醇类和酯类成分的检出量也有所增加,主要包括2-甲基-1-丙醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、2-甲基-1-丁醇、2,3-丁二醇、乙酸乙酯和丁二酸单乙酯.上述醇类和酯类均具有各自独特的感官特征,其含量的适量增加有利于提升葡萄酒的口感质量.葡萄原料糖分含量高时,葡萄酒口感圆润、醇厚,酒体丰满,结构感也比较强.综上所述,葡萄初始含糖量对葡萄酒品质具有极其重要的影响.酿造优质蛇龙珠干红葡萄酒时,应选择初始含糖量高的葡萄原料.     

Effect of storage on the phenolic content,volatile composition and colour of white wines from the varieties Zalema and Colombard

Different quality attributes and chemical components of wines change during storage as a function of a series of factors. Thus, in young white wines, changes in phenolics, that lead to modifications of their colour as a result of oxidation processes, are well-known. These reactions can also alter their volatile profile giving rise to the appearance of new aromas, which in some cases are undesirable. In this study we have carried out a thorough evaluation of the changes in the colour, volatiles and phenolics of Zalema and Colombard wines during 1 year of storage under different conditions of temperature and position. The phenolics and colour were more affected than was the volatiles profile and wines kept in the cold could be clearly distinguished from the others, whilst the position of the bottles onlt slightly affected the wines during storage. Results showed that the blending of Zalema wines with Colombard wines may be an appropriate means of enhancing the acidity of the former without dramatically affecting its character.     

Effect of a polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor on the quality of grape and red wine

BACKGROUND: The quality of berries and red wines is influenced by the cultivar. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a polyamine biosynthesis (PA) inhibitor on some red grapevine cultivars with a genetically lower quality of grapes and wines. O‐Phosphoethanolamine was used as a PA inhibitor because of its positive effect on the quality of some small berries. RESULTS: The PA inhibitor at a foliar dose treatment of 7.0 g ha⁻¹ significantly increased the peroxidation inhibition of berries (1.16‐ to 1.56‐fold), the color density (from 1.66% to 69.14%) and the sensory quality of the wines with a lower genetically programmed color quality (André, Saint Laurent and Zweigeltrebe), but not the higher‐quality Alibernet variety. The PA inhibitor predominantly decreased the total phenolic and anthocyanin contents (from 37.0% to 27.5%), and it significantly decreased the contents of free polyamines in all varieties—very dramatically in Saint Laurent grapes (17.16‐ to 1.58‐fold). CONCLUSIONS: Foliar treatment of red grapevine varieties of a low quality, using O‐phosphoethanolamine, can help produce higher‐quality wines. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of wine vinegars produced by two different techniques

BACKGROUND: The presence of phenolics in fruit, red wine and vinegar has positive health effects due to their significant antioxidant activity. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of two different vinegar production methods on antioxidant activity and phenolic level of vinegars derived from Ulugbey Karasi grapes. Traditional surface and industrial submerge methods were used to make vinegar. Samples were taken from fresh red grape juice, maceration, wine, traditional vinegar and industrial vinegar. RESULTS: Total phenolic content of traditional and industrial vinegar samples were 2690 mg L^?1 and 2461 mg L^?1 GAE, respectively. ORAC values of traditional and industrial vinegar samples were 10.50 µmol mL^?1and 8.84 µmol mL^?1 TE, respectively. Antioxidant activity values of traditional and industrial vinegars were 13.50 mmol L^?1 and 10.37 mmol L^?1 TEAC, respectively. Gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p‐coumaric acid and ferulic acid were detected in grape juice, wine and vinegar samples. The content of catechin in industrial vinegar (27.50 mg L^?1) was significantly higher than that of in traditional vinegar (13.76 mg L^?1) (P < 0.05). Traditional vinegar had higher amounts of chlorogenic and syringic acids than the industrial vinegar (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Results of this study showed that different production methods affected the functional constituents of wine vinegars. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

延迟采收对晋中南地区梅鹿辄葡萄酒酚类物质的影响

以晋中南地区梅鹿辄葡萄为试材,探究延迟采收对葡萄酒基本理化指标、酚类物质、花色苷组分和非花色苷酚类物质的影响,以期为改善当地梅鹿辄葡萄酒品质提供理论依据。结果表明,延迟14 d后采收,梅鹿辄葡萄酒中的总花色素、总酚和各花色苷组分含量均有显著提高（P＜0.05）;延迟7 d后采收,可显著提高葡萄酒中的黄烷醇含量（P＜0.05）;但延迟采收对葡萄酒中的单宁含量有较显著的降低作用（P＜0.05）。因此,延迟14 d采收有利于提高葡萄酒酚类物质的含量,改善葡萄酒的质量。