基于模极大值法的γ能谱数据处理与分析

本文研究了Lipschitz指数与小波变换应用于γ能谱数据奇异点的使用方法,分析了模极大值去噪原理和Mallat提出的交替投影重构算法,建立了基于模极大值法γ能谱数据处理模型,基于MATLAB设计了小波变换模极大值去噪软件,通过实测γ能谱数据仿真分析基于模极大值法的γ能谱数据处理模型的效果。结果表明,利用小波变换模极大值法降噪,用交替投影法重构能谱数据,降噪效果较好。     

集装箱CT检测系统中贝叶斯图像重建算法的应用探讨

最大后验概率(Maximum a posteriori,MAP)图像重建算法是一种贝叶斯算法(Bayesian Reconstruction,BR),可克服最大似然(Maximum Likelihood,ML)算法不能抑制噪声、重建时间较长的缺点.探讨了适合集装箱CT检测的两种MAP重建算法:加权最小二乘-最大后验概率-共轭梯度算法(weighted-least-squares MAP conjugate gradient,WLS-MAP-CG)和有序子集-贝叶斯算法(modified ordered subset,MOS-BR)并讨论了合适的先验知识分布.     

Fault diagnosis and classification based on wavelet transform and neural network

In this paper we present a novel method in fault recognition and classification in Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) using wavelet transform based Artificial Neural Network (ANN). We first simulate 10 design basis accidents (DBA) of a VVER-1000 using 15 input parameters with employing a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Neural Network with Resilient Backpropagation (RBP) algorithm. Afterwards we present the application of wavelet transform for its temporal shift property and multiresolution analysis characteristics to reduce disturbing perturbations in input training set data. Simulation of Artificial Neural Network and wavelet transform was performed using MATLAB software. The results show an enhanced accuracy and speed in fault recognition and high degree of robustness.     

基于小波变换的Wiener滤波投影预处理算法在图像重建中的应用

研究了一种将小波变换与Wiener滤波相结合用于投影数据预处理的算法。由于小波变换具有多分辨率分析特性,通过小波多尺度分析和小波系数控制,并结合Wiener滤波具有MMSE上最优性能的特点提出一种二者相结合的方法用于投影数据降噪预处理。对该算法进行实验仿真,结果表明,降噪后重建的图像主观质量得到明显改善,重建图像的噪声得到有效抑制。峰值信噪比方面可比一般的降噪方法提高5-12dB。     

基于整形小波变换的辐射图像无损压缩研究

^60Co集装箱CT系统的“物性鉴别”特性要求只能采用无损压缩方法处理辐射图像。由于辐射图像的灰度范围广和统计涨落大等特点,常规无损熵编码法难以取得理想效果。据此引入整形小波变换对辐射图像进行压缩处理,取得了优于传统熵编码的压缩效果。     

基于图像小波包信息熵和遗传神经网络的气-液两相流流型识别

根据小波包变换能够将图像信号按不同尺度进行分解的特性,提出了基于图像小波包信息熵特征和遗传神经网络相结合的气-液两相流流型识别的新方法.该方法采用高速摄影系统获取水平管道内气-液两相流的流动图像,经过处理,对图像进行多分辨率分析,提取小波包变换系数的信息熵特征,用主成分分析法降低特征维数构成特征矢量,作为流型样本对遗传神经网络进行训练,实现了对流动图像的流型智能化识别.结果表明:图像小波包信息熵特征可以很好地反映各流型之间的差异;遗传神经网络结合遗传算法和BP算法各自优点,具有收敛速度快、不易陷入局部极小的特性,网络识别率为100%.     

Application of wavelet transform de-noising in pole identification of a system

Due to the multiscale character of wavelet transform, the method of wavelet transform de-noising (WTDN) is introduced. The WTDN method neither requires extra limit of frequency range for the processed signal,nor needs a prior estimate of impulse response for an identified system, so it is especially suitable to de-noise the wide-band signal and the impulse response of a blind system. The numerical simulation results indicate that the WTDN method is reliable, The WTDN method was used to process the sampled data from a preamplifier coupled to a gas detector. The experimental results also show that the WTDN method can effectively improve the SNR of sampled data and enhance the accuracy in pole identification of the system,     

基于平稳小波变换的毛刺检测算法

核爆炸地震监测技术研究中,数据质量检测是地震数据自动处理的基本内容,毛刺是影响数据质量的主要问题数据。基于平稳小波变换和非线性能量检测算法,给出一种毛刺自动检测算法。平稳小波变换弥补了正交小波变换存在的不足,可以使尺度分解结果的长度和原始数据保持一致,具备时移不变性。非线性能量检测算法可以增强记录中的高频信号,对平稳小波变换的结果应用非线性能量检测算法,提高了记录中毛刺检测的准确性,非常适合连续地震监测数据自动处理的需要。实验结果表明,给出的这种算法特别有利于记录中小毛刺的检测,从而能够减小信号检测的误检率。     

双通道滤波器组与小波变换

从信号处理和工程应用的角度出发,避开了复杂的数学公式推导．阐述了双通道滤波器组与小波变换的关系．并讨论了母小波函数的选择可归结为正交镜像滤波器的设计。     

Decompositions of bubbly flow PIV velocity fields using discrete wavelets multi-resolution and multi-section image method

Currently, wavelet transforms are widely used for the analyses of particle image velocimetry (PIV) velocity vector fields. This is because the wavelet provides not only spatial information of the velocity vectors, but also of the time and frequency domains. In this study, a discrete wavelet transform is applied to real PIV images of bubbly flows. The vector fields obtained by a self-made cross-correlation PIV algorithm were used for the discrete wavelet transform. The performances of the discrete wavelet transforms were investigated by changing the level of power of discretization. The images decomposed by wavelet multi-resolution showed conspicuous characteristics of the bubbly flows for the different levels. A high spatial bubble concentrated area could be evaluated by the constructed discrete wavelet transform algorithm, in which high-leveled wavelets play dominant roles in revealing the flow characteristics.     

Derivative-Hilbert-Backprojection based image reconstruction from truncated projections in helical cone-beam CT

In helical cone-beam computed tomography(CT), Feldkamp-Davis-Kress(FDK) based image reconstruction algorithms are by far the most popular. However, artifacts are commonly met in the presence of lateral projection truncation. The reason is that the ramp filter is global. To restrain the truncation artifacts, an approximate reconstruction formula is proposed based on the Derivative-Hilbert-Backprojection(DHB) framework. In the method, the first order derivative filter is followed by the Hilbert transform. Since the filtered projection values are almost zero by the first order derivative filter, the following Hilbert transform has little influence on the projection values, even though the projections are laterally truncated. The proposed method has two main advantages. First, it has comparable computational efficiency and image quality as well as the conventional helical FDK algorithm for non-truncated projections. The second advantage is that images can be reconstructed with acceptable quality and much lower computational cost in comparison to the Laplace operator based algorithm in cases with truncated projections. To point out the advantages of our method, simulations on the computer and real data experiments on our laboratory industrial cone-beam CT are conducted. The simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the method is feasible for image reconstruction in the case of projection truncation.     

基于SART算法的CL硬化伪影校正方法研究

X射线薄板层析成像(CL)系统是一种针对板状构件的新型断层成像系统,该系统中存在射束硬化现象。本工作研究了一种基于SART算法的硬化伪影校正算法（SART-BHC算法）,通过对该算法的研究及对CL系统矩阵的计算,使该方法能应用于CL中。通过模拟与实验相结合的方式,利用蒙特卡罗方法获得CL投影的模拟数据,在实际CL中获得实验数据,然后利用SART-BHC与FPB算法对两种数据分别重建。结果表明,SART-BHC算法可应用于CL中,不需要任何先验知识,能很好地校正硬化伪影,并对层间混叠有抑制作用。     

Improved plasma position detection method in EAST Tokamak using fast CCD camera

To control the steady-state operation of Tokamak plasma, it is crucial to accurately obtain its shape and position. This paper presents a method for use in rapidly detecting plasma configuration during discharge of the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak device. First, a visible/infrared integrated endoscopy diagnostic system with a large field of view is introduced,and the PCO.edge5.5 camera in this system is used to acquire a plasma discharge image. Based on the analysis of various traditional edge detection algorithms, an improved wavelet edge detection algorithm is then introduced to identify the edge of the plasma. In this method, the local maximum of the modulus of wavelet transform is searched along four gradient directions, and the adaptive threshold is adopted. Finally, the detected boundary is fitted using the least square iterative method to accurately obtain the position of the plasma. Experimental results obtained using the EAST device show that the method presented in this paper can realize expected goals and produce ideal effects;this method thus has significant potential for application in further feedback control of plasma.     

基于小波的突变信号识别方法及应用研究

小波的空间局部性使它能聚焦于信号的局部结构,用来确定信号的突变性位置。但进一步研究发现,小波变换改进的单子带算法虽能有效识别第1类突变点,但对于第2类突变点却无法有效识别,且二进离散小波变换的快速算法还存在频率混淆等问题。通过深入研究提出了引入过渡函数的单子带重构的改进算法,解决了第2类突变信号的准确识别问题,通过相关实验验证了该方法能较好地解决主泵转子刚度突变等信号的有效识别问题。     

同态滤波法消除γ能谱混合噪声

针对γ能谱传统消噪方法的不足,提出了γ能谱的混合噪声模型和基于小波变换的同态滤波消噪法。本文对γ能谱存在乘性噪声进行了论证,并详细介绍了消噪算法。通过Matlab软件对~(60)Co γ能谱消噪处理结果表明,与传统消噪方法相比,以混合噪声模型为基础的同态滤波法较大幅度地提高了γ能谱的信噪比,同时还在一定程度上消除了谱线的"展宽效应"。研究表明,混合噪声模型和同态滤波消噪法是合理有效的,而且消噪结果优于传统消噪方法。     

大型工业CT中X射线硬化校正的一种方案

介绍了大型工业CT的一种多色X射线硬化校正方法。该方法利用一个标准函数将多色投影值转化为单色投影值。定义了一些参数来证明该方法适用于大型工业CT的硬化校正,并对参数进行了优化。通过模拟实验,这种校正方法在不需要先验知识,使用单色重建算法的前提下,仍能大大减小CT重建图像的硬化伪像。     

基于剪切波变换的辐射图像泊松噪声降噪技术研究

为了降低由统计涨落引起的辐射图像噪声，提出了一种基于剪切波变换的降噪方法。该方法以低剂量射线或质量厚度大的物体的辐射图像为研究对象，对此类辐射图像进行了噪声分析，利用Anscombe变换将统计涨落引起的泊松噪声转换为高斯噪声，再运用剪切波分解、阈值去噪、剪切波重构和Anscombe逆变换得到降噪图像。结果表明，当剪切波分解层数为5，采用改进阈值函数及极小极大原理阈值时可达到最优降噪效果，该方法能较好地去除辐射图像中的泊松噪声并保留边缘、细节信息，在视觉和量化指标上均优于传统降噪方法。     

A complete implementation of list-mode reconstruction for PET

Tomography reconstruction algorithm is one of the key components of positron emission tomography (PET) scanners,most PET scanners use statistical iterative reconstruction algorithms from data in sinograms currently. However tomography reconstruction using list-mode data has many unique advantages,in recent years great attention has been paid to it,being in the process of rapid development and improvement.In this paper,using experimental data of small animal PET scanner Eplus-166,exploiting ordinary subsetized list-mode EM(S-LMEM) algorithm and orthogonal distance-based ray-tracer(OD-RT),we eventually achieve list-mode tomography reconstruction.System response matrix(SRM),which establishes mapping relationship between the image and the projection space,is one key problem in iterative reconstruction algorithm.OD-RT is based on an optimization Siddon’s algorithm to calculate the SRM,generating line-of-response(LOR) which is approximately Gaussian-shaped,achieving better modeling of detector response function(DRF).The results demonstrate that image resolution recovery achieves the inherent properties of the scanner and that on-the-fly ray-tracer for real-time calculation of system response matrix is feasible for dynamic reconstruction.Meanwhile,the optimal parameters for calculating SRM are found by experiments.     

三投影CT钢管截面的二值图像重建研究

尺寸检测是保证钢管质量的重要环节,相关在线快速检测技术是目前钢管生产中亟待解决的技术难题。射线CT成像技术作为一种高效图像检测手段,能通过重建钢管截面图像获取钢管的大部分尺寸参数,特别适合对钢管质量进行检测和控制。为减少检测时间,实现钢管尺寸的在线检测和控制,本工作研究采用多源多探测器的CT扫描方式,实现了投影数据的快速获取,并根据钢管截面空间域和像素域的特点,对最大后验概率(MAP)图像重建算法进行了修正,实现了不完全投影数据条件下截面图像的重建。模拟试验的结果表明,修正后的MAP算法可做到最少3组投影下的钢管截面图像重建,得到的尺寸精度基本满足国家标准的要求,这一方法具有一定的理论和实际意义。     

Iterative restoration of SPECT projection images

Photon attenuation and the limited nonstationary spatial resolution of the detector can reduce both qualitative and quantitative image quality in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In this paper, a reconstruction approach is described which can compensate for both of these degradations. The approach involves processing the projection data with Bellini's method for attenuation compensation followed by an iterative deconvolution technique which uses the frequency distance principle (FDP) to model the distance-dependent camera blur. Modeling of the camera blur with the FDP allows an efficient implementation using fast Fourier transform (FFT) methods. After processing of the projection data, reconstruction is performed using filtered backprojection. Simulation studies using two different brain phantoms show that this approach gives reconstructions with a favorable bias versus noise tradeoff, provides no visually undesirable noise artifacts, and requires a low computational load