有机聚合物／无机化合物纳米复合阻燃材料研究进展

综述了有机聚合物／无机化合物纳米复合阻燃材料的研究和应用现状。阐述的纳米复合阻燃材料包括有机聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料、有机聚合物／碳纳米管纳米复合材料、有机聚合物／二氧化硅纳米复合材料、有机聚合物／石墨纳米复合材料等。与传统无机阻燃剂填充阻燃材料相比,这类新型纳米复合阻燃材料的填料与基体的亲合性、基体的物理力学性能和阻燃性能等均得到改善。     

层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的阻燃研究及现状分析

聚合物/层状硅酸盐(PLS)纳米复合材料是国内外阻燃材料领域中近年来研究的热点。它满足了新型阻燃材料发展的要求,在提高阻燃性能的同时能够很少降低或者不降低材料原有的其他性能,有时甚至可以提高部分聚合物基体的机械性能、气体阻隔性能、环保性能等。本文综述了聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究近况;简要介绍了该纳米复合材料的特点及阻燃性能的测试;讨论了其燃烧性能和阻燃机理;重点研究了以聚酰胺(PA)等聚合物为基质、以层状硅酸盐为无机阻燃添加剂的纳米复合材料的阻燃性能。通过与常规阻燃剂进行比较,发现聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料在阻燃性能、机械性能、加工性能和环保等方面均优于常规阻燃剂;最后本文还指出了该材料在阻燃研究中目前尚存在的问题,并对其开发应用前景进行了展望。     

聚合物-层状双氢氧化物纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了以聚合物为基体的聚合物-层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)纳米复合材料在阻燃材料中应用的研究进展,重点阐述了LDHs的层状结构、改性以及聚合物-LDHs纳米复合材料的制备,并介绍了当前国内外各类关于聚合物-LDHs纳米复合材料的阻燃研究应用,对其今后的发展提出了展望。     

聚合物纳米复合材料韧性和破坏行为

在总结高分子材料增韧机理、高分子纳米复合材料冲击破坏行为的基础上,探讨了高分子纳米复合材料的增韧机理。纳米无机粒子起应力集中的作用导致界面脱黏、空化与基体屈服是其增韧高分子材料的主要原因,而碳纳米管则起桥联裂纹、偏转裂纹方向、传递界面应力使聚合物基体屈服而增韧高分子材料。对聚合物／层状填料纳米复合材料而言,分散在聚合物基体中的插层或剥离的无机纳米片层对复合材料银纹的形成有抑制作用,其二维几何结构不利于片层周围基体的屈服与界面脱黏、空化,因而不能增韧高分子材料,反而还导致了聚合物／层状填料纳米复合材料抗冲击强度的降低。高分子材料的纳米复合目前很难达到橡胶增韧的效果,若同时采用纳米复合技术与官能化弹性体增韧技术,可望设计、制备出一系列高强度、高韧性的高分子纳米复合材料。     

PLS纳米阻燃复合材料的制备、应用及技术展望

随着纳米高新技术发展,聚合物／层状硅酸盐（PLS）近年来发展较快,对其研究已引起广泛关注。在介绍PLS纳米阻燃复合材料的阻燃机理和主要制备方法的基础上,总结了其主要应用状况,展望了PLS纳米阻燃复合材料的应用前景。指出绿色阻燃技术将是纳米阻燃复合材料的发展趋势,将来必有很大的发展潜力。     

导热高分子材料研究进展分析

在高分子材料科学与工程中导热高分子材料的理论研究与产品开发都是非常重要的部分,随着复合技术的引入和实施,高导热聚合物本材料和纳米复合材料的研究进入一个崭新的阶段,高分子复合材料的导热机理得到深入的研究同时在实践中的应用开发得到更新的进展。建立高分子复合材料导热模型,深入研究聚合物基体与导热填料界面的结构与性能及高分子复合材料的导热机理,不断探索导热本体聚合物材料的制备,这些导热高分子材料的研究为高新技术的发展奠定了坚实的基础。。     

聚合物/无机物纳米复合材料的阻燃性研究

本文详细介绍近年来问世的无机纳米填料,包括碳纳米管(CNT)、层状氧化石墨(LGO)、纳米蒙脱土(MMT)、多面低聚硅倍半氧烷(POSS)等复合材料的研究进展及阻燃性能特点.分析了当前阻燃聚合物/无机物纳米复合材料基础研究和应用中存在的问题,展望阻燃聚合物/无机物纳米复合材料研究的发展趋势,并讨论了若干阻燃聚合物纳米复合材料的前沿问题.     

高分子体系阻燃剂的研究新进展

使用阻燃剂可避免火灾中聚合物燃烧所带来的危害,但常用的阻燃剂存在阻燃效率低、燃烧时烟雾大或对复合材料的力学性能产生不良影响等缺点。本文介绍了新技术(包括纳米技术、微胶囊化技术)在高分子阻燃体系中的应用及研究现状,并对其阻燃机理进行了阐述。通过分析阻燃剂的发展趋向预测了阻燃高分子材料发展的一些新趋向。     

笼型六面体倍半硅氧烷衍生物制备聚合物纳米复合材料

笼型六面体倍半硅氧烷 (T8)是一类每个面都由硅氧八元环构成的六面体 ,从它出发可制得以二氧化硅为核心的大分子单体以及无机 /有机纳米复合材料。在叙述了从不同的前驱体制备功能性的 T8方法基础上 ,介绍了从 T8大分子单体出发制备的无机 /有机聚合物纳米复合材料在光固化树脂、耐热阻燃材料、多孔材料、改性高分子材料等领域的应用。     

聚合物／蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其磷——氮协同阻燃研究

介绍了蒙脱土原料的层间结构及有机化处理过程。综述了近年来国内外在聚合物基蒙脱土纳米复合材料热稳定性方面的研究进展及机理。提出纳米级蒙脱土与各种磷-氮阻燃剂的协同阻燃是今后这种材料阻燃改性研究的主要方向。     

环境降解塑料的研究开发进展

介绍了环境降解塑料的降解机理及其分类。综述了光降解高分子材料、生物降解高分子材料的种类、制备方法、性能及其应用。指出了环境降解高分子材料存在的问题及发展方向。通过比较认为光降解高分子材料技术比较成熟，完全生物降解高分子材料发展前景看好，并对今后的发展提出了建议。     

天然高分子表面活性剂的研究进展

概述了淀粉、纤维素和壳聚糖类天然高分子表面活性剂的研究概况,并展望了其未来发展趋势。通过对天然高分子表面活性剂的介绍,使人们对高分子表面活性剂,尤其是绿色高分子表面活性剂有更多的认识和了解。天然高分子表面活性剂,具有原料可再生、无毒、无污染、易生物降解特点,可广泛应用于食品工业、农业、洗涤剂、化妆品等领域,具有广阔的应用前景。因此以天然高分子为原料的绿色高分子表面活性剂已成为表面活性剂发展的一个重要方向。     

地质聚合物应用现状及前景展望

地质聚合物是一种无机聚合铝硅酸盐胶凝材料。由于其特殊的缩聚三维网络结构,使其在众多方面具有高分子材料、水泥和陶瓷,金属等材料的特征。分析了地质聚合物的聚合反应机理,性能特点,简要叙述了地质聚合物的发展历程和应用现状,并概述了其在工程建筑、有毒废料、涂料、固封材料和陶瓷材料等领域的应用发展前景。     

Joining of polymers and polymer–metal hybrid structures: Recent developments and trends

The development of new materials and fabrication techniques has become a matter of success for industrial sectors such as transportation. Polymers, polymeric composites, and polymer–metal structures are being increasingly employed in several products mainly due to the associated weight savings. The main joining methods for polymer and polymeric composites are mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, and welding. On the other hand, polymer–metal structures are more difficult to join by traditional joining methods, mostly due to their strong dissimilar physical–chemical features. Constant efforts on developing improved alternative joining techniques for these hybrid structures, such as the FricRiveting and injection over molding, have contributed to the dissemination of such structures in industrial applications. This work shows that the field of joining of polymers, polymeric composites, and polymer–metal hybrid structures for industrial applications is still a growing research and development area. This is due to the increasing aspirations for more environmental‐friendly technologies and lightweight materials. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

POSS基聚合物的热性能和阻燃性

本文介绍了POSS单体和POSS基聚合物的结构、性能和制备方法。重点阐述了各类POSS基聚合物以及它们的热性能。同时简单介绍了POSS对聚合物阻燃性的影响,分析了POSS提高聚合物热性能和阻燃性的原因,并展望了POSS基聚合物的发展方向。     

有机高分子材料抗静电改性方式研究

有机高分子材料应用日益广泛,但是存在材料高电阻率带来的静电隐患,因此有必要进行抗静电改性方面的研究;介绍了有机高分子材料抗静电改性的主要方式;展望了功能复合化、绿色环保化和高分子永久化等三个抗静电改性的发展趋势。     

Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane/titanium dioxide nanocomposites obtained by in situ polymerization

The development of new polymeric and polymeric based materials is fundamental to meet the market demands. This work aims the synthesis and characterization of polyurethane/titanium dioxide nanocomposite, using low cost commercial raw materials. Nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ polymerization reactions in which titanium dioxide were added in the following proportions, by weight, in relation to the mass obtained from the pure polymer: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10.0 %. These reactions were based in poli (ε-caprolactone) and 1,6-diisocyanatohexane. The materials were characterized by infrared spectroscopy Fourier transform, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. Based on the obtained results it was concluded that the nanocomposites synthesized by in situ polymerization presented, in general, thermal properties (degradation temperature) and mechanical properties higher than the pure polymer.     

Carbon-family materials for flame retardant polymeric materials

As an abundant and attractive element, the emergence of new carbon-based materials brings revolutionary development in material science and technology. Carbon-based materials have spawned considerable interest for fabricating polymer composites/nanocomposites with greatly improved mechanical, thermal, gas barrier, conductivity, and flame retardant performance. In this review, the importance of carbon-based materials and the necessity of fire resistance for polymeric materials are initially introduced. Then, the fundamental flame retardant mechanisms and experimental analytical techniques are described to understand the relationship between structures and flame retardant properties. The main section is dedicated to the preparation and properties of multifunctional polymer composites/nanocomposites with carbon-based materials, with special emphasis on the flame retardant properties of these materials. A wide variety of carbon-based materials are discussed for use in flame retardant polymer nanocomposite, including graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes as well as some new emerging carbon forms (carbon nitride, carbon aerogels, etc). Finally, a brief outlook at the developments in carbon-based materials for flame retardant polymeric composites is given by discussing the major progress, opportunities, and challenges.     

Effects of metallic monomer powders on the mechanical properties of hardened polyester and acrylic polymer concrete

To investigate the effects of three metallic monomer powders on polyester‐ and acrylic‐hardened polymer concretes, polymer concretes incorporating different levels of these materials were investigated for the properties of hardened polymer concrete. The mix design was made and optimized for workability and strength, depending on the resin viscosity, the intended use, and the additional quantities of these polymeric materials. The investigated properties included the compressive strength, flexural strength, and bond strength of hardened polymer concrete. It was concluded that these polymeric materials offer the possibility of improving the properties of polyester‐ and acrylic‐hardened polymer concretes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3106–3113, 2006     

Moisture sensitivity of polyester and acrylic polymer concretes with metallic monomer powders

To evaluate the moisture sensitivity of polyester and acrylic polymer concretes with commercial metallic monomer powders, polymer concretes containing different levels of these powders were investigated with respect to the properties of hardened polymer concrete. The mix design was made and optimized for workability, strength, and economy, which depended on the resin viscosity, the intended use, and the additional quantities of the polymeric materials. The investigated properties included the compressive and flexural strengths of hardened polymer concrete. These polymeric materials offer the possibility of using wet aggregates in polyester and acrylic polymer concrete construction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008