采用复合控制的直流力矩电机摩擦补偿

针对陀螺漂移测试转台直流力矩电机系统中存在的非线性动态摩擦和负载扰动,为提高转台位置跟踪精确度,采用复合控制方法进行摩擦补偿研究.在转台直流电机系统中,电机模型采用简化的二阶线性直流电机模型,摩擦模型采用摩擦参数为非一致性变化的动态摩擦模型.补偿方法包含一个参数自适应律和CMAC神经网络,用于估计未知模型参数、辨识位置周期摩擦扰动并给与补偿.仿真结果表明,复合控制补偿方法保证了闭环系统全局稳定性和对期望位置信号的渐进跟踪,提高了转台位置跟踪精确度.     

基于 GMS 摩擦力补偿和干扰观测器的高精度速度控制

为了降低机械轴系摩擦力扰动对于伺服控制器在低速运动控制精度的影响,进一步提高传统伺服控制器对于稳定平 台的控制能力,提出了一种基于广义 Maxwell 滑动(generalized Maxwell-slip,GMS) 摩擦力模型前馈和干扰观测器的高精度 摩擦力补偿方案。首先在传统控制基础上引入GMS 摩擦模型前馈补偿对摩擦扰动进行初步的补偿;然后,通过加入干扰观 测器,对残余扰动及其他扰动进行第2次的抑制。利用实物平台对控制方法的低速运动性能进行了测试,对比设计的控制算 法和传统 PI 控制器的控制结果,验证提出的控制策略抑制摩擦扰动的效果。结果表明,基于 GMS 摩擦力前馈和干扰观测器 的控制方案有效的补偿了摩擦非线性、模型不确定性等因素对于控制系统的影响。新方法可将稳定平台低速运动时的控制 误差降低到0.015°/s, 在实际工程中具有较高的应用价值。     

基于摩擦补偿的永磁球形电机自适应模糊控制

针对摩擦可能引起永磁球形电机控制系统品质恶化的问题,提出樽糊逼近的摩擦补偿自适应控制方案.首先,通过卡尔丹角(Carden)旋转,建立考虑摩擦项的转子动力学模型,分别基于已知模型和名义模型设计控制方案.基于名义模型的控制方案采用改进的模糊补偿自适应控制器分别补偿摩擦项以及系统不确定性因素,以减少模糊规则的数目,控制律参数基于李亚普诺夫稳定性理论自适应调节,控制方案保证了闭环系统的稳定性.仿真试验结果表明,该控制方案能有效实现对摩擦项等不确定信号的补偿,从而提高球形电机的跟踪控制性能.     

一种自适应摩擦补偿方法研究

首先针对非线性摩擦对伺服系统建模的影响问题,通过适当的实验设计,得到了一组标称非线性摩擦模型以及系统模型参数。在此基础上,考虑到运行条件以及环境的变化,综合了基于模型参考自适应控制的摩擦补偿控制器。最后,对上述方法进行仿真研究,结果表明,利用该控制器提高了系统的控制性能。     

Analysis and performance improvement of motor speed control system with nonlinear friction

Solid friction in machine elements is one of the dominant nonlinearities affecting the control accuracy of servo drive systems. Many schemes, including feedforward control, observer-based control and repetitive learning control have been proposed to compensate for nonlinear friction. These schemes show superior performance compared to that of the conventional P- and/or PI-controller; however, friction model errors and bandwidth restriction of the observer cause compensation errors, thus decreasing control accuracy. This paper presents a new control algorithm for performance improvement of a motor speed control system having nonlinear friction. By analyzing characteristics of conventional compensation control schemes during velocity reversal, the relation between control parameters and control accuracy is examined so as to explore problems with each scheme. Based on these analyses, a new feedforward control algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm is verified by analyses of control characteristics and experiments using a prototype. Experimental results show the superior performance improvement of the proposed algorithm.     

一种具有参数不确定性的直流电机系统鲁棒自适应摩擦补偿方法

针对陀螺漂移测试转台直流力矩电机系统中存在的非线性动态摩擦和电机参数不确定性，为提高转台摇摆状态位置跟踪精度，提出了一种新的鲁棒自适应补偿控制器。电机中摩擦模型采用摩擦参数为非一致性变化的LuGre动态摩擦模型。该控制器包含一个参数自适应律和等效PID控制律来估计未知LuGre模型参数和电机参数并给与补偿。最后Lyapunov方法和仿真结果证明该鲁棒自适应补偿控制器保证了闭环系统全局稳定性和对期望位置信号的渐进跟踪，提高了转台摇摆跟踪精度。     

高精度定位系统的摩擦力自适应前馈补偿

为了有效抑制机电系统摩擦力等外部扰动对系统动态性能的影响,针对直驱伺服系统中往复定位存在的摩擦力,提出了一种基于自适应前馈控制器的摩擦力补偿策略,此方法能够有效利用参考模型与被控对象的位置跟踪误差等信息,在线实时确定自适应控制率,在保证系统稳定的条件下,能够有效克服系统摩擦力及模型慢时变等引起的系统动态性能异常.针对直...     

基于摩擦前馈的航空相机像移补偿复合控制

为减小位角控制系统中电机的摩擦非线性特性对航空相机位角控制系统像移补偿控制效果的影响,研究基于摩擦前馈的复合控制方法,实现对摩擦干扰的有效抑制。首先,分析并选用了简化的带有摩擦扰动环节的系统数学模型,选择LuGre摩擦模型描述为摩擦行为。然后,通过参数辨识的方法获得擦模型参数,在系统力矩综合点处根据力矩平衡原理设计摩擦前馈补偿通道的调节器。最后,应用该方法设计了带有摩擦前馈补偿的航空相机像移补偿复合控制器。实验结果表明:与先进PID方法进行比较,该方法改善了摩擦非线性对系统动态响应过程和速度平稳性的影响,稳态调整时间提高了34%,稳态精度提高了24%左右。     

Adaptive state‐feedback control with sensor failure compensation for asymptotic output tracking

This paper addresses a new adaptive output tracking problem in the presence of uncertain plant dynamics and uncertain sensor failures. A new unified nominal state‐feedback control law is developed to deal with various sensor failures, which is directly constructed by state sensor outputs. Such a new state‐feedback compensation control law is able to ensure the desired plant‐model matching properties under different failure patterns. Based on the nominal compensation control design, a new adaptive compensation control scheme is proposed, which guarantees closed‐loop signal boundedness and asymptotic output tracking. The new adaptive compensation scheme not only expands the sensor failures types that the system could tolerate but also avoids some signal processing procedures that the traditional fault‐tolerant control techniques are forced to encounter. A complete stability analysis and a representative simulation study are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive compensation control scheme.     

Passivity‐based adaptive control of a 2‐DOF serial robot manipulator with temperature dependent joint frictions

Mechanical systems are always suffering from the effects of temperature dependent friction forces where the system is operated in a wide range of temperature. Temperature and its variation play an important role in friction force in mechanical systems. If it is not compensated, it will tend to unwanted consequences, including steady‐state errors, limit cycling, and hunting. Therefore, it is necessary to take the temperature effects into account. This has been a strong motivation for the researchers to work on temperature effects on joint friction. In this paper, an adaptive compensation (control) scheme is proposed and applied to a 2‐degree‐of‐freedom serial robot manipulator by taking the temperature effects into account on the joints friction. In the proposed control scheme, the temperature is not required to be sensed. In this paper, joint friction is described by LuGre dynamic model with temperature dependent parameters. These parameters are described by some functions with unknown temperature dependent terms. According to the mathematical and practical concepts, the temperature dependent friction is decomposed into a viscous term and a disturbance term. An adaptive controller is designed to compensate the friction effect and it is shown that the proposed controller relaxes the condition for a priori knowledge about the environment characteristics, including the upper and lower bounds of the environment temperature and the parameters of the functions, describing the temperature dependent joint frictions. The stability and convergence of the joint position and velocity are proved in the sense of Lyapunov and then the proposed method is confirmed by the simulations.     

改进LuGre模型的挖掘机器人摩擦补偿控制

非线性摩擦会降低挖掘机器人电液伺服系统的动静态性能,引起轨迹爬行、平峰和稳态误差等现象。经典LuGre摩擦模型仅与速度有关,内部鬃毛状态变量无法准确测量,无法全面描述复杂的挖掘机器人电液伺服系统摩擦特性。本文综合考虑电液伺服系统位置、速度和方向等信息,设计了一种改进的LuGre摩擦模型,同时引入速度阈值解决了弹性鬃毛平均变形状态观测器不稳定问题。其次,为了解决传统优化算法陷入局部最优解、收敛速度慢等问题,通过引入惯性权重、异步变化和精英突变操作改进基本粒子群优化算法,以精准快速辨识出改进LuGre摩擦模型中的6个未知参数。最后,结合辨识出的摩擦模型,基于结构不变性原理设计前馈摩擦补偿控制器,并在23吨挖掘机器人进行了正弦和三角波不同工况下的轨迹跟踪实验。实验结果表明,传统的比例积分微分控制器跟踪误差最大,三角轨迹最大跟踪误差达到了29.68 mm,基于改进LuGre模型设计的前馈摩擦补偿控制器仅为9.70 mm,误差减小了67.31%,基于改进LuGre模型设计的前馈摩擦补偿控制器可以有效提升挖掘机器人的轨迹跟踪精度。     

伺服系统的神经网络摩擦力自适应补偿研究

在高精度伺服系统中，摩擦力是影响其低速性能的关键因素。文章分析了摩擦力的特性、数学模型、及其对伺服系统性能的影响，提出了基于RBF网络的自适应摩擦力补偿方法，并将其与参数线性化模型相比较。在某单轴速率／位置转台的控制系统中的应用结果表明，该方法能有效地改善伺服系统的性能。     

直线电机伺服系统的自适应模糊摩擦补偿

针对受摩擦力影响,接触运动的直线电机在低速运动时速度常会不平稳、系统控制精度降低的问题,提出一种自适应摩擦补偿方法.通过模糊模型参数的自适应调整,实现摩擦力值的在线估计,并据此进行摩擦补偿,以克服摩擦对电机性能的影响.该方法采用复合自适应律,同时利用系统输出误差与参数估计误差的相关信息进行参数调整,以提高模糊模型参数收敛的速度,使参数估计值在一定条件下收敛到最优值.并在理论上证明了该方法的闭环稳定性与参数收敛性.仿真结果表明,此方法能实现摩擦的在线估计与补偿,从而提高直线电机的控制性能.     

Parametrization and adaptive compensation of friction forces

This paper considers adaptive controls of systems containing non-smooth non-linear friction forces. The idea is to divide the unknown friction force into two parts so that it can be parametrized by a model linear in parameters. Then linear adaptive techniques apply. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GMDH‐based autonomous modeling and compensation for nonlinear friction in a table drive system

This paper presents a novel mathematical model‐based compensation algorithm for the nonlinear friction in table drive systems using Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH). In the proposed compensation, the nonlinear friction can be autonomously modeled as a polynomial expression of appropriate control state variables according to the process of GMDH and, as a result, the complicated structural modeling and its parameterization, indispensable in conventional model‐based strategies, can be completely eliminated. In addition, since the proposed GMDH‐based model can easily achieve the generalization ability for table drive condition, the robust compensation for friction can be attained against the change of drive conditions. The proposed algorithm has been verified by experiments using a table drive system of actual machine tools and proved the significant performance improvement in the trajectory control with velocity reversal motion. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(3): 58–66, 2001     

基于自适应摩擦补偿的复合非线性轨迹跟踪控制

伺服系统中存在的非线性摩擦环节,往往会使系统的性能受到影响。针对电机伺服系统,设计了一个复合非线性轨迹跟踪控制器,并通过降阶扩展状态观测器对未测量的速度和未知扰动进行估计。为了消除摩擦力带来的不良影响,在轨迹跟踪控制的基础上,加入了自适应摩擦补偿环节。先通过MATLAB进行了仿真分析,后将该方案应用于直流电机伺服系统进行试验验证。仿真与试验结果表明,该自适应补偿方案能有效抑制摩擦产生的不利影响,实现被控系统对目标轨迹快速准确的跟踪。     

一类刚性负载双轴伺服系统的非线性观测器控制设计策略

提出了一种基于非线性观测器的命令滤波自适应反步控制(OCFABC)方法,以解决具有LuGre摩擦模型的双轴伺服系统中的位置跟踪和速度同步问题。观测器用于系统摩擦补偿。命令滤波器作用于虚拟控制信号,解决反步法中的计算爆炸问题,建立误差补偿方程,提高跟踪精度。此外,还设计了速度同步信号,以达到更好的系统同步效果。利用Lyapunov理论分析了闭环系统的稳定性。最后,通过仿真和试验结果证明了所设计方法的有效性和优越性。     

考虑模型不确定性的基于分解控制直流电机系统的摩擦补偿方法

针对陀螺漂移测试转台直流力矩电机系统中存在的非线性动态摩擦和电机波动力矩，为提高转台摇摆状态位置跟踪精度，该文基于分解控制的设计方法提出了一种新的鲁棒自适应摩擦补偿方法。该设计具有积分形式的自适应补偿器来补偿常值的可参数化的摩擦模型不确定性，而设计鲁棒补偿器来补偿不可参数化的摩擦模型不确定性。最后综合两种补偿器形成完整的补偿控制律。Lyapunov方法证明了闭环系统全局稳定性和对期望位置信号的渐进跟踪性能，仿真结果证实了该补偿方法对高精度运动曲线跟踪的有效性。     

基于摩擦补偿的伺服转台自抗扰控制策略研究

摩擦非线性扰动是影响伺服跟踪系统控制性能的主要因素之一。为提高转台伺服系统的跟踪性能,提出了一种基于Elastoplastic摩擦模型的改进自抗扰控制方法。首先,建立了转台伺服系统的状态空间模型;其次,采用Elastoplastic摩擦模型描述系统中的非线性摩擦扰动,并用遗传算法辨识了模型参数;最后,基于辨识获得的Elastoplastic摩擦模型,将位置误差和速度误差作为不同的参数分别应用到扩张状态观测器,设计了一种改进型自抗扰控制器。未引入摩擦补偿时的速度跟踪误差平均值约为0.0024 rad/s,而加入补偿后的速度跟踪误差平均值减少为0.00147 rad/s。仿真和实验结果表明,本文提出的控制方案能够提高转台伺服系统的跟踪性能,验证了所提出控制方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

Global adaptive output feedback controllers with application to non‐linear friction compensation

In this paper, we consider a class of non‐linear systems in which a set of constant parameters is unknown and some state variables are not available for measurement. For such systems we provide a constructive procedure for the solution of the global adaptive tracking problem with dynamic partial state feedback. We illustrate an application of the control strategy to the adaptive non‐linear friction compensation of a DC motor servomechanism. We improve previous results in tow directions: we allow for a subset of the unmeasurable states to enter in a system non‐linearly; we consider systems which are linearly parametrized with respect to a set of unknown constant parameters. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.