Parametrization and adaptive compensation of friction forces

This paper considers adaptive controls of systems containing non-smooth non-linear friction forces. The idea is to divide the unknown friction force into two parts so that it can be parametrized by a model linear in parameters. Then linear adaptive techniques apply. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

直线电机伺服系统的自适应模糊摩擦补偿

针对受摩擦力影响,接触运动的直线电机在低速运动时速度常会不平稳、系统控制精度降低的问题,提出一种自适应摩擦补偿方法.通过模糊模型参数的自适应调整,实现摩擦力值的在线估计,并据此进行摩擦补偿,以克服摩擦对电机性能的影响.该方法采用复合自适应律,同时利用系统输出误差与参数估计误差的相关信息进行参数调整,以提高模糊模型参数收敛的速度,使参数估计值在一定条件下收敛到最优值.并在理论上证明了该方法的闭环稳定性与参数收敛性.仿真结果表明,此方法能实现摩擦的在线估计与补偿,从而提高直线电机的控制性能.     

一种自适应摩擦补偿方法研究

首先针对非线性摩擦对伺服系统建模的影响问题,通过适当的实验设计,得到了一组标称非线性摩擦模型以及系统模型参数。在此基础上,考虑到运行条件以及环境的变化,综合了基于模型参考自适应控制的摩擦补偿控制器。最后,对上述方法进行仿真研究,结果表明,利用该控制器提高了系统的控制性能。     

改进LuGre模型的挖掘机器人摩擦补偿控制

非线性摩擦会降低挖掘机器人电液伺服系统的动静态性能,引起轨迹爬行、平峰和稳态误差等现象。经典LuGre摩擦模型仅与速度有关,内部鬃毛状态变量无法准确测量,无法全面描述复杂的挖掘机器人电液伺服系统摩擦特性。本文综合考虑电液伺服系统位置、速度和方向等信息,设计了一种改进的LuGre摩擦模型,同时引入速度阈值解决了弹性鬃毛平均变形状态观测器不稳定问题。其次,为了解决传统优化算法陷入局部最优解、收敛速度慢等问题,通过引入惯性权重、异步变化和精英突变操作改进基本粒子群优化算法,以精准快速辨识出改进LuGre摩擦模型中的6个未知参数。最后,结合辨识出的摩擦模型,基于结构不变性原理设计前馈摩擦补偿控制器,并在23吨挖掘机器人进行了正弦和三角波不同工况下的轨迹跟踪实验。实验结果表明,传统的比例积分微分控制器跟踪误差最大,三角轨迹最大跟踪误差达到了29.68 mm,基于改进LuGre模型设计的前馈摩擦补偿控制器仅为9.70 mm,误差减小了67.31%,基于改进LuGre模型设计的前馈摩擦补偿控制器可以有效提升挖掘机器人的轨迹跟踪精度。     

带有逆向力补偿的Stewart平台自适应鲁棒控制

针对Stewart平台复杂的动力学特性以及参数不确定性,提出了带有逆向力补偿自适应鲁棒控制方法.依据对平台动力学特性的分析,采用Lagrange方法建立了上平台的前向动力学模型,同时利用Newton-Euler法对六连杆部分的动态特性进行逆向力补偿,得到了具有机械系统物理特征,且形式简单的误差动态系统.针对上平台参数摄动、逆向力补偿残量以及未建模动态等各种不确定性,依据耗散性理论设计自适应鲁棒控制器.由于平台动力学方程中形式最为复杂的六连杆动态特性被有效地加以补偿,从而控制器中动力学计算部分得以简化.平台动力学方程中上平台部分物理特征明显,可以方便地构造出合适的李雅普诺夫函数.仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性和分析的正确性.     

基于 GMS 摩擦力补偿和干扰观测器的高精度速度控制

为了降低机械轴系摩擦力扰动对于伺服控制器在低速运动控制精度的影响,进一步提高传统伺服控制器对于稳定平 台的控制能力,提出了一种基于广义 Maxwell 滑动(generalized Maxwell-slip,GMS) 摩擦力模型前馈和干扰观测器的高精度 摩擦力补偿方案。首先在传统控制基础上引入GMS 摩擦模型前馈补偿对摩擦扰动进行初步的补偿;然后,通过加入干扰观 测器,对残余扰动及其他扰动进行第2次的抑制。利用实物平台对控制方法的低速运动性能进行了测试,对比设计的控制算 法和传统 PI 控制器的控制结果,验证提出的控制策略抑制摩擦扰动的效果。结果表明,基于 GMS 摩擦力前馈和干扰观测器 的控制方案有效的补偿了摩擦非线性、模型不确定性等因素对于控制系统的影响。新方法可将稳定平台低速运动时的控制 误差降低到0.015°/s, 在实际工程中具有较高的应用价值。     

采用复合控制的直流力矩电机摩擦补偿

针对陀螺漂移测试转台直流力矩电机系统中存在的非线性动态摩擦和负载扰动,为提高转台位置跟踪精确度,采用复合控制方法进行摩擦补偿研究.在转台直流电机系统中,电机模型采用简化的二阶线性直流电机模型,摩擦模型采用摩擦参数为非一致性变化的动态摩擦模型.补偿方法包含一个参数自适应律和CMAC神经网络,用于估计未知模型参数、辨识位置周期摩擦扰动并给与补偿.仿真结果表明,复合控制补偿方法保证了闭环系统全局稳定性和对期望位置信号的渐进跟踪,提高了转台位置跟踪精确度.     

基于观测器的伺服系统低速摩擦补偿分析

针对两种不同的非线性摩擦观测器,推导了基于无刷直流电动机非线性模型的零速度时间隔△Ｔ解析表达式,通过仿真证实,利用基于库仑摩擦模型的摩擦观测器可以有效地改善系统的低速控制性能。     

一种具有时变观测器增益的摩擦补偿方法

为有效抑制摩擦扰动对光电平台性能的影响,针对环架轴系间的摩擦由LuGre模型描述的情况,设计自适应摩擦补偿控制器.提出一种采用具有时变增益摩擦状态观测器的摩擦补偿方法,通过类李雅普诺夫分析证明整个闭环系统跟踪误差的渐近收敛性.仿真结果表明,通过对时变增益函数中设计参数的适当选择,相比采用具有常数增益的观测器,系统的角速...     

高精确度飞行仿真转台内框控制摩擦补偿研究

为了实现高精确度飞行仿真转台直流力矩电机驱动内框的低速伺服目标,提出了在输入前馈和闭环PID控制的复合控制基础上构建Stribeck摩擦模型的等效控制电压模型进行摩擦超前补偿策略.首先针对转台内框伺服特性分析设计了复合控制策略;其次针对常规基于Stribeck模型摩擦补偿方法的不足和实验法辨识模型参数难的特点,提出利用转台内框本身的部件直接测定摩擦超前补偿的控制电压模型,并给出了3个关键参数的测定办法;最后将设计好的控制器用于内框低速伺服.实验结果表明,系统响应幅值为0.03°,频率为0.000 5 Hz三角波时跟踪误差在95%时间内在0.000 1°内,并对其他形式信号也有很高的动态跟踪精确度,从而证明在以非线性摩擦为主的扰动条件下所设计的控制策略能实现内框高品质低速伺服.     

Adaptive compensation of persistent actuator failures of nonlinear systems

In this article, adaptive compensation designs are developed for nonlinear systems with uncertainties from the system functions and persistent actuator failures of characterizations that (i) some unknown system inputs are stuck at some unknown fixed or varying values at unknown time instants and (ii) the failure pattern always switches from one to another and the switching does not stop. Such a controlled plant is described by an uncertain time-varying nonlinear system, and some robust adaptive feedback linearization based failure compensation results are studied for closed-loop system stabilization and bounded output tracking for some specific conditions. To improve the tracking performance in the presence of persistent actuator failures, a new adaptive control scheme is developed, using the failure indicator function which contains the failure pattern and failure time in the formulation. Detailed stability and tracking performance are shown. Simulation results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive actuator failure compensation method.     

高精度定位系统的摩擦力自适应前馈补偿

为了有效抑制机电系统摩擦力等外部扰动对系统动态性能的影响,针对直驱伺服系统中往复定位存在的摩擦力,提出了一种基于自适应前馈控制器的摩擦力补偿策略,此方法能够有效利用参考模型与被控对象的位置跟踪误差等信息,在线实时确定自适应控制率,在保证系统稳定的条件下,能够有效克服系统摩擦力及模型慢时变等引起的系统动态性能异常.针对直...     

Adaptive actuator failure compensation for cooperative robotic manipulators with parameter uncertainties

This article develops a new framework of adaptive actuator failure compensation control for cooperative manipulator systems with parameter uncertainties in addition to actuator failures, and designs and analyzes effective actuator failure compensation schemes for such robotic systems. The new adaptive control design uses an integration of multiple individual failure compensators and direct adaptation to handle various types of uncertainties in such robotic systems. The design can also be used for concurrent actuator failure cases, to expand the capability of adaptive actuator failure compensation. With a complete proof and performance analysis, it is shown that the proposed control scheme guarantees the desired closed-loop stability and asymptotic output tracking, despite actuator failures whose patterns, time instants and values are all unknown. Simulation results of a benchmark cooperative manipulator system are presented to verify the desired control performance of the system with both typical constant and square-wave actuator failure signals.     

GMDH‐based autonomous modeling and compensation for nonlinear friction in a table drive system

This paper presents a novel mathematical model‐based compensation algorithm for the nonlinear friction in table drive systems using Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH). In the proposed compensation, the nonlinear friction can be autonomously modeled as a polynomial expression of appropriate control state variables according to the process of GMDH and, as a result, the complicated structural modeling and its parameterization, indispensable in conventional model‐based strategies, can be completely eliminated. In addition, since the proposed GMDH‐based model can easily achieve the generalization ability for table drive condition, the robust compensation for friction can be attained against the change of drive conditions. The proposed algorithm has been verified by experiments using a table drive system of actual machine tools and proved the significant performance improvement in the trajectory control with velocity reversal motion. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 136(3): 58–66, 2001     

基于摩擦前馈的航空相机像移补偿复合控制

为减小位角控制系统中电机的摩擦非线性特性对航空相机位角控制系统像移补偿控制效果的影响,研究基于摩擦前馈的复合控制方法,实现对摩擦干扰的有效抑制。首先,分析并选用了简化的带有摩擦扰动环节的系统数学模型,选择LuGre摩擦模型描述为摩擦行为。然后,通过参数辨识的方法获得擦模型参数,在系统力矩综合点处根据力矩平衡原理设计摩擦前馈补偿通道的调节器。最后,应用该方法设计了带有摩擦前馈补偿的航空相机像移补偿复合控制器。实验结果表明:与先进PID方法进行比较,该方法改善了摩擦非线性对系统动态响应过程和速度平稳性的影响,稳态调整时间提高了34%,稳态精度提高了24%左右。     

On‐line almost‐sure parameter estimation for partially observed discrete‐time linear systems with known noise characteristics

In this paper we discuss parameter estimators for fully and partially observed discrete‐time linear stochastic systems (in state‐space form) with known noise characteristics. We propose finite‐dimensional parameter estimators that are based on estimates of summed functions of the state, rather than of the states themselves. We limit our investigation to estimation of the state transition matrix and the observation matrix. We establish almost‐sure convergence results for our proposed parameter estimators using standard martingale convergence results, the Kronecker lemma and an ordinary differential equation approach. We also provide simulation studies which illustrate the performance of these estimators. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive compensation for infinite number of actuator failures with an application to flight control

In this paper, a new adaptive compensation control scheme is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems with unknown parameters and unknown actuator failures. The normal operation case and different failure cases of actuators are unified through a time‐varying model. By introducing a smooth function, an integrable auxiliary signal, and a bound estimation approach, the effect of failures is successfully compensated for, and the total number of failures is not restricted to be finite. It is shown that all closed‐loop signals are globally uniformly bounded, and the tracking error converges to zero asymptotically regardless of the possibly infinite number of actuator failures. An application to the longitudinal dynamic model of a twin otter aircraft is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于修正LuGre模型的反步自适应摩擦补偿控制

LuGre模型是一种常用的对伺服系统进行动态摩擦建模和补偿的模型。基于一种改进的LuGre模型,建立了伺服系统模型;利用反步自适应控制算法得到系统控制律,并构造Lyapunov函数证明了系统的稳定性;将控制结果方面与传统的前馈PID固定摩擦补偿算法进行比较。仿真结果表明该方法能有效降低摩擦因素的不利影响,且比传统的控制算法具有更高的跟踪精度。     

特高压长线路电流差动保护自适应电容电流补偿方法

分析了线路电流差动保护中两端各补偿一半电容电流的传统补偿方法,指出该方法在区内故障时存在受故障点影响补偿不精确、降低灵敏度的缺点。提出了一种自适应电容电流补偿方法,在保证相同的区外故障可靠性基础上,大大提高了区内故障的灵敏度。对一条1000 kV线路故障和电流差动保护进行了仿真试验,证明该自适应补偿方法的有效性和正确性,适合作为特高压输电线路电流差动保护电容电流补偿方法。     

Adaptive state‐feedback control with sensor failure compensation for asymptotic output tracking

This paper addresses a new adaptive output tracking problem in the presence of uncertain plant dynamics and uncertain sensor failures. A new unified nominal state‐feedback control law is developed to deal with various sensor failures, which is directly constructed by state sensor outputs. Such a new state‐feedback compensation control law is able to ensure the desired plant‐model matching properties under different failure patterns. Based on the nominal compensation control design, a new adaptive compensation control scheme is proposed, which guarantees closed‐loop signal boundedness and asymptotic output tracking. The new adaptive compensation scheme not only expands the sensor failures types that the system could tolerate but also avoids some signal processing procedures that the traditional fault‐tolerant control techniques are forced to encounter. A complete stability analysis and a representative simulation study are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive compensation control scheme.