‘Smart’ consumer goods

‘Smart’ technologies, which encompass both ‘smart’ materials and structures, are creating a sea-change in engineering practice. Their fusion of conventional structural materials with aspects of information technology, offerss the prospect of engineering systems which can sense their local environment, interpret changes in this environment and respond appropriately. Demonstrator projects exist world-wide exploring the range of possible applications for ‘smart’ technologies in sectors ranging from aerospace and civil engineering to automobile and marine. A common feature of such programmes is their use of relatively sophisticated technologies, examples including the use of fibre optic techniques for sensing and actuation based on functional materials such as piezoceramics, electro- and magnetostrictives and shape-memory alloys. The use of such advanced technologies is symptomatic of the strong technology push which has dominated the development of this field.     

Beryllium metal matrix composites for aerospace and commercial applications

Abstract

There is a growing need in both aerospace and commercial markets for lighter weight, higher stiffness, higher thermal stability materials to solve the design engineers’ problems of reduced mass, higher access speeds, improved mechanical and thermal stability for today's advanced technology. To address those needs, Brush Wellman Inc. has developed, characterised, and put into high volume production a family of beryllium metal matrix composites. There are two classes of materials that have been developed to provide these engineering benefits to the designer in both the commercial and aerospace markets. The first family of materials is aluminium beryllium (AlBeMet, which is a registered tradename of Brush Wellman). This material is a metal matrix composite consisting of pure beryllium and aluminium, with 20–62 vol.-%Be and the remainder aluminium. The material is produced by both powder metallurgy and net shape technologies such as investment casting and semi-solid forming. The materials properties that make it attractive for the design engineer are a density that is 25% less than that of aluminium, a specific stiffness four times those of aluminium, titanium, steel, and magnesium, a higher dampening capacity than aluminium, and a coefficient of thermal expansion almost 50%lower than aluminium. The second family of materials is a beryllium–beryllium oxide metal matrix composite, which are called E materials. This material was developed to address the thermal management needs of the electronic packaging design engineer. The material properties that make this material attractive to the electronic packaging engineer are: a density 20–25% that of Kovar, Invar, and CuMoCu, and 30% less than Al–SiC; a thermal conductivity ranging from 210 to 240 W m^-1 K^-1and a tailorable coefficient of thermal expansion, ranging from 6×10^-6 to 8.7×10^-6 K^-1.     

无机/相变定型储能材料的制备研究进展

相变材料的封装技术是相变材料研究的热点问题和实际应用的技术瓶颈.从相变材料的热力学过程入手,分析了相变材料封装技术在微观热力学层面的必要性,比较了相变材料插层、接枝和微胶囊化3种典型的封装技术的优缺点,结果表明,以无机物封装的定型相变材料具有导热系数大、阻燃性好、力学性能优良等优点,在此基础上,提出了以无机物掺杂或直接以无机物为封装载体的无机/相变定型储能材料的制备方法.     

Food packaging in the next millennium

The changing demands of the consumer over the last 50 years are reviewed. The resultant changes in packaging required to meet these demands are considered, particularly for fast‐food outlets, ‘smart shopping’ where food is ordered and delivered direct to the home and other types of electronic shopping. The changes needed in packaging materials and processes and in transport packaging are assessed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A proposal to establish ‘packaging science’

To make packaging truly beneficial to human beings, it is important to help people learn more about the great variety of packaging materials and packaging techniques. In applying that knowledge, certain ethics should be observed by those engaged in packaging activities. The first step in achieving this task is to recognize what constitutes the packaging sciences, and from the results of various investigations a system of packaging sciences has been produced. Packaging science, as we have organized it, consists of the three major fields of packaging sociology, packaging materials science and packaging technology. With regard to the ethics that should form the backbone for the varied packaging activities, we propose that a Packaging Charter be established, incorporating the basic spirit and the ideas outlined herein.     

增设“包装工程”为一级学科的可行性论证

按照2009年《国务院学位委员会、教育部关于修订学位授予和人才培养学科目录的通知》精神,湖南工业大学组织专家讨论,提出了增设“包装工程”一级学科的可行性论证报告。报告认为,经过20多年的发展,“包装工程”类学科专业已在我国高等教育中占有相当重要的地位,增设“包装工程”一级学科的条件目前已经成熟。拟增设的“包装工程”一级学科主要涵盖“包装设计及理论”、“包装制造及自动化”、“包装安全及环境”3个二级学科。“包装工程”一级学科的增设,将有效缓解经济社会对包装人才与包装科技的迫切需求,对促进我国经济建设、社会发展乃至建设“包装强国”的战略目标的实现具有极其重要和深远的意义。     

民族传统文化与现代科技对包装发展的影响

在商品经济高度发达的现代社会中,包装与人们的生活息息相关,扮演着越来越重要的角色.文中详细论述了在其200多年的发展历程中,民族文化和科学技术对其发展产生的重要影响.     

全印制柔性应变传感器的原理与智能包装应用

目的随着可穿戴电子技术的快速发展,因具有较高的传感系数,柔性应变传感器在电子皮肤和机器人领域得到了广泛关注,但如何降低其制造成本成为一种挑战。近年来,印刷电子技术的快速发展推动了柔性应变传感器的发展,并逐渐在一些新的领域得到应用,尤其是智能包装领域。方法结合课题组在全印制应变传感器方面的研究进展,对柔性传感器的原理、印刷制造方法和主要应用进行综述。结论大量的研究表明,印刷柔性应变传感器已经开始应用于智能包装中,利用印刷电子技术制造智能包装也有利于降低其制造成本,推动其走向实际应用。     

“中国白酒创意包装设计大赛”参赛作品研究

2013年"中国白酒创意包装设计大赛"1 700多件参赛作品,一定程度上反映了当前白酒包装在选材、造型和装潢上的主流趋势,即选材的多样化、造型的创意性、装潢的多元化等,但这些作品也反映出中国白酒包装设计存在的诸多问题,如追求快捷的程式化设计,忽视对工艺技术的考虑,对酒包装文化理解浅薄等。从参赛作品中可以发现,中国白酒包装未来发展趋势为:强化包装的互动、体验、参与性设计,采用智能化包装技术,关注流行文化、发挥包装文化的引领作用,加强传统元素的时尚化。     

现代包装设计的人文特征与文化语境探微

包装设计具有丰富的文化意蕴,是充满了人类心智的积极创造性成果.包装设计的文化取向一直是包装设计师关切的课题,本文就包装设计的文化属性和人文特征进行了论述,总结了包装文化的多元性特征和包装设计的与时俱进特征,以期通过本文呼唤包装设计师对包装文化的特征、状态进行深层次的思考,探索.使包装文化从理论上对包装设计的思维流程和设计理念进行引导.     

信息时代包装学科的发展

面对信息时代对包装高等教育新的要求，提出信息社会包装学科的发展应该朝着数字化包装的方向发展的必要。阐述了传统包装学科运用现代计算机技术进行教学改革的手段。进一步提出在包装的学科建设中设立计算机包装辅助设计、包装多媒体、包装电子商务、网络包装等课程，使现代计算机技术更深入广泛的渗透包装的各门学科，培养信息时代包装技术人才适应未来包装发展的需求。     

“信息技术+问题导向”双线联动教学模式创新与实践——以运输包装课程为例

运输包装课程在教学中遵循“启发引导、层层深入、拓展提升”的规律,以立德树人为根本任务,以学生为中心,以成果产出为导向,应用现代信息技术,构建智慧课堂,利用问题导向,吸引学生主动探索,形成信息技术+问题导向双线联动的创新教学模式。依托“互联网+教育”,以现代信息技术辅助课程教学,构建线上线下混合、课内课外互通的智慧课堂。坚持问题导向,引导学生在解决问题的过程不断提出新问题,培养学生解决复杂问题的综合能力和高级思维。     

Why is ‘smart’ still a frontier technology?

That’s what the market research fraternity seem to think. Talking to the analysts, those financial heavyweights with the power to urge ‘buy’ or ‘sell’, Frost & Sullivan’s Joseph Constance discussed the newest first part of a Frost & Sullivan two part report on Smart Materials, but never let a figure slip.As disappointing as the 3i survey on nanotechnology, this report considers that smart materials are, still, after decades, only a ‘frontier’ technology. Expect plenty of interesting applications, lots of research, but no hard figures.In other reports on Smart Materials from BCC, market figures give way to a technology assessment, (a patent review, and a look at market potential) and finally a report that focus on niche smart areas – sol gel. But, frontier or emerging, everyone is still shy of smart market numbers, year on year.     

气敏类智能包装标签技术的研究进展

目的研究气体监测类智能包装标签技术的原理、特点及研究进展。方法综述气敏类智能包装中泄漏指示标签、新鲜度指示标签、射频识别标签的研究现状及应用。重点阐述面向CO_2气体监测和识别的智能包装的分类及其制作方法,并对CO_2传感器在气敏类智能包装中的应用进行阐述。结论近年来智能包装标签技术方面取得了大量研究成果,推动了食品保鲜包装行业的快速发展。气敏类智能包装能够有效检测和监测被包装食品的质量及安全性,对推进包装技术的信息化与智能化起到了重要作用。CO_2传感器在食品新鲜度智能监测方面具有广泛应用,也是未来食品保鲜包装技术领域的发展方向。     

The use of uncertainty analysis for the design of container closures

Understanding how easy packaging is to open is becoming a major area of interest for the packaging industry. Designing packaging to meet the direct needs of the consumer has been termed ‘inclusive design’. However, there are differing parameters that may affect the ease of opening a product. This paper outlines how the use of uncertainty analysis coupled with ‘inclusive design’ techniques can help manufacturers understand which parameters are important for product ‘openability’. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

谈包装装潢设计人才职业素质的构建

包装设计是商品生产与销售之间的重要环节,要使商品包装装潢设计既能突出功能性,又能赋予文化价值和人文气息,既能运用现代科技所带来的新材料、新技术,又能将环保与绿色设计观念紧密结合,营造出人与物之间和谐的共生关系.包装装潢设计人员职业素质的构建是创造这种和谐关系的重点.     

世界包装组织(WPO)成员助中国抗击疫情

2020年2月,旨在履行"通过更好的包装为更多人提供更优质的生活质量"的使命,世界包装组织(WPO-www.worldpackaging.org)主席皮埃尔·皮纳尔(Pierre Pienaar)在组织中发起鼓励其成员帮助中国抗击新冠肺炎疫情的行动。"WPO全球网络在世界上具有重大影响力。在与我们的中国成员——中国包装联合会(CPF)、中国出口商品包装研究所(CEPI)和世界包装中心(GPC)联系后,我们决定采取行动。"     

现代光学技术在包装与印刷中的应用

包装作为我国的一种重要的经济产业，其发展前景可观。论述了现代光学在印刷工艺、全息防伪包装、电子出版、纸张计数、条形码等方面的应用。激光技术在包装与印刷中的应用无疑会推动包装技术的迅猛发展。必将会有重要的经济效益和社会意义。     

智能用电小区——智能小区发展的一个里程碑

智能小区在国内已经走过了20多个年头,近几年,随着智能电网的发展,其技术成果被大量应用于智能小区,催生了智能用电小区。论文结合智能用电小区在国内的发展状况,并以某省级电力公司职工住宅智能用电小区项目（省级科技攻关项目）的规划设计为例,介绍智能用电小区规划设计的内容和要素,包括配电自动化、电动汽车充电、分布式能源（太阳能、风能）应用、无源光网络、远程抄表、安全防范、增值服务等。规划设计中除了应用常规智能小区技术外,还大量应用上述智能电网的技术成果,而且还有相对较成熟的技术规范和标准;以此阐明智能电网技术的发展和应用给智能小区规划设计带来的发展和改变;最后对智能用电小区的主要特点进行了归纳总结,再次阐明融入了智能电网技术成果的智能用电小区是对智能小区内涵的极大丰富和发展,引领着智能小区的发展方向,堪称智能小区发展史上的一个重大里程碑。