KH570硅烷偶联剂提高聚己内酯复合材料力学性能

对纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)进行KH570硅烷偶联剂化学改性处理后,采用溶液热共混方法制备KH570改性的HA/聚己内酯(PCL)复合材料。材料表征和检测结果表明:改性处理能使KH570硅烷偶联剂与n-HA发生化学反应连接,使复合材料的熔融温度升高0.2℃、结晶温度升高4.3℃。改性后HA在HA/PCL复合材料中呈现较均匀分布,使材料力学强度升高了3.93MPa,杨氏模量提高了263.63 MPa。KH570改性有效地提高了HA/PCL复合材料的力学性能。     

溶液共混法制备TiO_2/PBO纳米复合材料

以甲基磺酸(MSA)作为溶剂,采用溶液共混法制备二氧化钛/聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑(TiO2/PBO)纳米复合材料;研究超声功率和超声时间对纳米TiO2/MSA悬浮液分散性的影响;并通过傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和紫外吸收光谱(UV)方法表征复合材料的结构特性。结果表明:当超声功率为250 W和超声时间为15 min时,纳米粒子在MSA中的分散性最佳;在红外图谱中,当TiO2的质量分数达到5%时,TiO2/PBO纳米复合材料与纯PBO的红外光谱无明显差别,说明纳米TiO2和PBO基体是通过物理作用连接起来的;与纯PBO相比,复合材料具有更优异的耐热性能,表现为热分解温度从PBO的689℃依次增高到690℃(1%TiO2)、694℃(5%TiO2)和698℃(10%TiO2)。由于纳米TiO2优异的紫外屏蔽性能,复合材料的吸光度在200~400 nm波段显著增大,因此,复合材料的抗老化性能也得到了极大的提高。     

溶胶-凝胶法改性纳米SiO2对聚丙烯性能及结晶过程的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶方法,以钛酸丁酯为先驱体在纳米SiO2表面包覆改性,通过共混得到SiO2/聚丙烯复合材料,测试了复合材料的力学性能,发现随着纳米SiO2加入量的增加,复合材料的性能先增后降,拉伸强度可以提高50%.从TEM照片可以看出,纳米SiO2粒子在塑料中分散均匀.XRD和SEM证明,纳米SiO2的加入,诱导了PP中β-PP晶相的生成,同时纳米SiO2粒子在复合材料受到冲击时诱导基体发生剪切屈服形变,从而使复合材料力学性能尤其是冲击和拉伸强度得以改善.     

CTAB/正己醇/水反胶束体系中合成PPy/TiO2纳米复合粒子

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO2纳米粒子,并用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)/正己醇/水反胶束体系作为微反应器合成了聚吡咯(PPy)/TiO2纳米复合粒子.利用透射电镜(TEM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)对纳米复合粒子进行了表征.实验结果表明,PPy/TiO2球形粒子的平均粒径为150～200 nm,在复合粒子中球形粒子占据优势,并有团聚的趋势.FTIR和XRD结果显示纳米复合材料由PPy和TiO2组成,无机复合粒子只有部分形成晶体.从该研究结果中可以看出,反胶束法可以有效地应用于有机-无机纳米复合材料的制备.     

水性UV聚氨酯丙烯酸酯/二氧化硅复合材料的制备及涂膜性能

目的 制备光固化水性聚氨酯改性丙烯酸酯/二氧化硅（WPUA/SiO2）复合材料,提高水性光固化聚合物材料的涂膜性能。方法 制备含双键官能化的二氧化硅纳米粒子,将其引入到制备的可光固化聚氨酯改性丙烯酸酯乳液体系中,制备水性UV固化WPUA/SiO2复合乳液,研究复合材料制备方法,分析体系中官能化二氧化硅纳米粒子的分散稳定性及其对涂膜形貌、透光性、硬度等性能的影响。结果 由于WPUA和官能化二氧化硅纳米粒子均含有C==C,所制备的WPUA/SiO2复合材料可以用UV光进行固化,官能化二氧化硅纳米颗粒由于表面存在有机分子链,与水性聚氨酯改性丙烯酸酯相容性提高,使得二氧化硅纳米颗粒掺杂量达到10％（质量分数）时可存储稳定性达30天以上。固化后涂层的透光性和力学性能明显提升,涂层铅笔硬度达到3H,粘附性为1级,抗冲击强度大于50 kg?cm。结论 制备的WPUA/SiO2复合体系具有良好的稳定性,改性纳米粒子的掺杂对水性UV固化聚氨酯改性丙烯酸酯的力学性能有明显改善,且可提高复合涂层的透光性。     

纳米二氧化钛硅烷接枝密度对水性环氧涂层耐蚀性能的影响

目的研究水性环氧/硅烷化纳米TiO2复合防护涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的失效规律和防腐性能。方法采用3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)化学接枝改性纳米TiO2颗粒,将硅烷改性纳米TiO2均匀分散在水性环氧涂料中,并把混合涂料涂覆在Q235钢试样上。采用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和热重分析仪(TGA)测试纳米TiO2表面化学接枝改性情况,采用电化学工作站测试复合涂层的电化学性能,采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察复合膜层的表面形貌。结果使用质量分数10%APTES改性纳米TiO2,单齿螺旋结构占有的比例更高;使用质量分数20%APTES改性纳米TiO2,具有最高的接枝密度,为11.78 APTES/nm^2。电化学测试结果显示,环氧/TiO2复合涂层比纯环氧涂层具有更好的耐蚀性能,其中加入质量分数20%APTES改性纳米TiO2的环氧/TiO2复合涂层对基体的保护性能最好,其涂层电阻是纯环氧涂层的12倍,电荷转移电阻是纯环氧涂层的18倍。在相同的腐蚀条件下,单齿螺旋结构更容易被破坏。加入硅烷纳米TiO2颗粒后,可以显著减少涂层表面尖峰状突起和孔洞。结论纳米TiO2的APTES接枝分子密度,是水性环氧/硅烷化纳米TiO2复合防护涂层耐腐蚀性能提高的直接原因。     

纳米TiO2改性环氧树脂的制备技术与性能研究进展

环氧树脂是性能优异的热固性材料,因具备良好的耐腐蚀性、热稳定性及力学性能,被广泛应用于航空航天、石油化工、舰船、海洋等领域。环氧树脂的高交联结构使其韧性及脆性较差,应用受限,高性能环氧树脂的制备已成为研究热点。概述了纳米TiO2改性环氧树脂制备技术,主要包括机械搅拌法、超声法、机械搅拌和超声结合法、珠磨法和化学物理结合法等。同时归纳了各制备技术的原理及各制备技术对纳米TiO2在环氧树脂中分散性的影响和存在的不足。重点综述了纳米TiO2改善环氧树脂的相关性能,主要包括力学性能、耐腐蚀性能、防污损性能及耐候性能等。TiO2可与环氧树脂发生接枝反应,改善环氧树脂的结构,提高复合材料的力学性能;此外,TiO2的填入可有效提高复合材料的致密度,减小孔隙率,降低表面能,提高其耐腐蚀性能;TiO2/EP复合材料利用TiO2的光催化性能及吸收紫外光性能,大大改善了环氧树脂的防污损性能及耐候性能。最后对TiO2/EP复合材料的下一步研究进行了展望。     

Ag/TiO2纳米复合材料的结构及抗菌性能研究

采用化学氧化法在金属Ti表面制备出了多孔纳米TiO2,通过离子束溅射在TiO2表面沉积纳米Ag,最终在Ti表面制备出Ag/TiO2纳米复合材料.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM),电子探针(EPMA)等分析手段分析了500℃热处理条件下,不同Ag含量对TiO2晶型转变的影响及结构变化.同时,采用细菌生长的抑菌圈法进行测试,研究了Ag/TiO2纳米复合材料对不同菌种的抗菌性能的影响.结果表明:通过化学氧化法和离子束溅射相结合的方法可以得到具有优异抗菌性能的Ag/TiO2纳米复合材料.     

n?SiO2的表面改性及其增强环氧树脂复合材料的性能

纳米粒子在聚合物中均匀、稳定分散,是纳米复合材料具有优良性能的前提。文中通过选择表面活性剂改性纳米SiO2,提高纳米粒子在环氧树脂中的分散性,制备出不同含量的n–SiO2/环氧树脂聚合物复合材料,探讨了纳米SiO2对复合材料强度的影响规律。研究结果表明:改性后的纳米SiO2粒子在聚合物体系中呈单分散状态,均匀分布的纳米粒子与基体结合紧密,其在基体中起到了物理交联点的作用,对剪切力的抵抗能力增强,提高了复合材料的综合性能。加入6%质量分数的纳米粒子,复合材料的拉伸剪切强度可提高35.1%。     

采用改性纳米TiO2制备高耐洗刷乳胶涂料

用钛酸酯偶联剂将纳米TiO2粒子进行表面改性后,对普通的丙烯酸乳胶内、外墙涂料进行改性实验,制备出高耐洗刷的内外墙涂料.实验表明,偶联剂对粒子的表面结构产生影响并改善其在涂料中的分散情况;添加纳米TiO2粒子使涂料的耐洗刷性、硬度等性能得到较大的提高(其中涂料的耐洗刷性可提高近7倍,最高耐洗刷次数可达数10万次;同时硬度可以提高2个～3个等级);通过结构分析发现,改性纳米TiO2通过1种类似于"桥梁"的作用实现对涂料的性能改善.     

Preparation and properties of nanocomposites based on poly(lactic acid) and functionalized TiO2

Inorganic/polymer nanocomposites are significant materials due to their unique combination of properties. Lactic acid (LA) was used to modify the TiO₂ surface by the Ti-carboxylic coordination bonds, and LA can chemically bond TiO₂ nanoparticles to form functionalized oligomeric-poly(lactic acid)-grafted TiO₂ nanoparticles (g-TiO₂). The resulting g-TiO₂ was added to the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix to prepare PLA/TiO₂ nanocomposites via melting processing. The structure and properties of the nanocomposites were subsequently investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, polar optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic rheometer and universal testing machine. The results showed that g-TiO₂ nanocomposites had a much lower degree of agglomeration than bare TiO₂. The introduction of g-TiO₂ into PLA matrix improved the crystallinity of the composites. The functionalized nanoparticles played an important role in improving mechanical properties and reducing the complex viscosity of the nanocomposites due to its unique structure and the reasonable interfacial interaction between the nanoparticles and PLA matrix.     

Synthesis of NiMoO4 nanoparticles by sol–gel method and their structural,morphological, optical,magnetic and photocatlytic properties

Nickel molybdate (NiMoO₄) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by sol–gel method. Utilizing water as solvent provides crystalline nanostructures. These nanocrystals were structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectra. Compositional stoichiometry was confirmed by EDX technique. The size and shape were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was found that the obtained NPs were pure and single phase crystalline with monoclinic structure. The optical properties were studied by ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis–DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements at room temperature. The magnetic properties were studied by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and results showed superparamagnetic behavior of the obtained nanoparticles. Photocatalytic activity of NiMoO₄ was studied. The photocatalytic activity of NiMoO₄ was enhanced with the addition of TiO₂. The catalysts NiMoO₄, TiO₂ and NiMoO₄–TiO₂ nanocomposites (NC) were tested for photocatalytic degradation (PCD) of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). It was found that PCD efficiency of NiMoO₄–TiO₂ NC was higher than that of pure NiMoO₄ and TiO₂.     

Fabrication of AA2024−TiO2 nanocomposites through stir casting process

Given the nonuse of TiO₂ nanoparticles as the reinforcement of AA2024 alloy in fabricating composites by ex-situ casting methods, it was decided to process the AA2024−xTiO_2(np) (x=0, 0.5 and 1 vol.%) nanocomposites by employing the stir casting method. The structural properties of the produced samples were then investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy; their mechanical properties were also addressed by hardness and tensile tests. The results showed that adding 1 vol.% TiO₂ nanoparticles reduced the grain size and dendrite arm spacing by about 66% and 31%, respectively. Also, hardness, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of AA2024− 1vol.%TiO_2(np) composite were increased by about 25%, 28%, 4% and 163%, respectively, as compared to those of the monolithic component. The agglomerations of nanoparticles in the structure of nanocomposites were found to be a factor weakening the strength against the strengthening mechanisms. Some agglomerations of nanoparticles in the matrix were detected on the fractured surfaces of the tension test specimens.     

压力烧结制备二氧化钛包覆的石墨烯增强铝基复合材料

使用压力烧结方法制备了石墨烯纳米片（GNP）增强的7075铝基纳米复合材料,提出了一种通过在GNP的表面涂覆二氧化钛（TiO₂）来优化界面结合的新工艺,并比对了原石墨烯及具有包覆层石墨烯对铝基纳米复合材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明,与添加纯GNP相比,添加具有TiO₂涂层的GNP的纳米复合材料的力学性能提高。相比于基体,TiO₂包覆GNP增强的纳米复合材料的屈服强度、抗拉强度和显微硬度分别增加了38.9%、34.4%和20.1%。性能的进一步改善是由于TiO₂涂层优化了增强相与基体之间的界面结合,从而提高了载荷传递的有效性。     

Thermoresponsive inorganic/organic hybrids based on conductive TiO2 nanoparticles embedded in poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) block copolymer dispersed liquid crystals

Novel hybrid TiO₂/(HOBC/PSEO) inorganic/organic materials based on hydrophobic rutile TiO₂ nanoparticles and low-molecular-weight 4′-(hexyloxy)-4-biphenyl carbonitrile (HOBC) liquid crystals confined on a self-assembled poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (PSEO) block copolymer have been studied. HOBC liquid crystals surrounded TiO₂ particles, forming core–shell structures, resulting in selective location of nanoparticles in the PS-block of the PSEO block copolymer. Moreover, multiphase inorganic/organic materials maintained the electrical properties of the core TiO₂ nanoparticles after encapsulation in the HOBC/PS-block composite matrix. Depending on the composition of TiO₂/(HOBC/PSEO) inorganic/organic hybrids, TiO₂ nanoparticles showed arrangement of nanodots in one of the self-assembled blocks.     

Effects of nano-SiCp content on microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCp/A356 composites assisted with ultrasonic treatment

nano-SiC_p/A356 composites with different nano-SiC_p contents were prepared by squeeze casting after ultrasonic treatment (UT). The effects of SiC_p content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. The results show that with the addition of nano-SiC_p, the microstructure of nanocomposites is obviously refined, the morphology of the α(Al) grains transforms from coarse dendrites to rosette crystals, and long acicular eutectic Si phases are shortened and rounded. The mechanical properties of 0.5%, 1% and 2% (mass fraction) SiC_p/A356 nanocomposites are improved continuously with the increase of nano-SiC_p content. Especially, when the SiC_p content is 2%, the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation are 259 MPa, 144 MPa and 5.3%, which are increased by 19%, 69% and 15%, respectively, compared with those of the matrix alloy. The improvement of strength is attributed to mechanisms of Hall-Petch strengthening and Orowan strengthening.     

PMMA/Zn2SiO4:Eu3+(Mn2+) Composites: Preparation, Optical, and Thermal Properties

Luminescent composites of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and nanophosphors (Zn₂SiO₄:Mn²⁺, Zn₂SiO₄:Eu³⁺) were prepared by dispersion casting method. It was found that nanoparticles embedded in PMMA matrix preserve their typical phosphorescence emission. The influence of Zn₂SiO₄ nanofillers on thermal properties of PMMA was also investigated. A shift towards higher glass transition temperatures and slight improvements in thermal stability of the nanocomposites compared to pure PMMA were observed and are discussed herein.     

Self-assembled polyaniline nanotubes and nanoribbons/titanium dioxide nanocomposites

Self-assembled polyaniline (PANI) nanotubes, accompanied with nanoribbons, were synthesized by the oxidative polymerization of aniline with ammonium peroxydisulfate in an aqueous medium, in the presence of colloidal titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles of 4.5 nm size, without added acid. The morphology, structure, and physicochemical properties of the PANI/TiO₂ nanocomposites, prepared at various initial aniline/TiO₂ mole ratios, were studied by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies, FTIR, Raman and inductively coupled plasma optical emission (ICP-OES) spectroscopies, elemental analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), conductivity measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The electrical conductivity of PANI/TiO₂ nanocomposites increases in the range 3.8 × 10^?4 to 1.1 × 10^?3 S cm^?1 by increasing aniline/TiO₂ mole ratio from 1 to 10. The morphology of PANI/TiO₂ nanocomposites significantly depends on the initial aniline/TiO₂ mole ratio. In the morphology of the nanocomposite synthesized using aniline/TiO₂ mole ratio 10, nanotubes accompanied with nanosheets prevail. The nanocomposite synthesized at aniline/TiO₂ mole ratio 5 consists of the network of nanotubes (an outer diameter 30–40 nm, an inner diameter 4–7 nm) and nanorods (diameter 50–90 nm), accompanied with nanoribbons (a thickness, width, and length in the range of 50–70 nm, 160–350 nm, and ～1–3 μm, respectively). The PANI/TiO₂ nanocomposite synthesized at aniline/TiO₂ mole ratio 2 contains polyhedral submicrometre particles accompanied with nanotubes, while the nanocomposite prepared at aniline/TiO₂ mole ratio 1 consists of agglomerated nanofibers, submicrometre and nanoparticles. The presence of emeraldine salt form of PANI, linear and branched PANI chains, and phenazine units in PANI/TiO₂ nanocomposites was proved by FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. The improved thermal stability of PANI matrix in all PANI/TiO₂ nanocomposites was observed.     

Synthesis of titanate/anatase composites with highly photocatalytic decolorization of dye under visible light irradiation

Titanate/anatase nanocomposites consisting of titanate nanotubes and leaf-like anatase TiO₂ nanoparticles were successfully prepared via a novel combinational hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The activity of the nanocomposites was examined by photocatalytic decolorization of rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. It is found that the nanocomposites exhibited a much improved photocatalytic activity in comparison with titanate nanotube, anatase TiO₂ nanoparticle, and even the commercial Degussa P-25. The photocatalytic mechanism of the as-prepared nanocomposites was discussed.     

Effects of graphene nanoplates on microstructures and mechanical properties of NSA-TIG welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints

The effects of graphene nanoplates (GNPs) on the microstructures and mechanical properties of nanoparticles strengthening activating tungsten inert gas arc welding (NSA-TIG) welded AZ31 magnesium alloy joints were investigated. It was found that compared with those of activating TIG (A-TIG), and obvious refinement of α-Mg grains was achieved and the finest α-Mg grains of fusion zone of NSA-TIG joints were obtained in the welded joints with TiO₂+GNPs flux coating. In addition, the penetrations of joints coated by TiO₂+GNPs flux were similar to those coated by the TiO₂+SiC_p flux. However, the welded joints with TiO₂+GNPs flux coating showed better mechanical properties (i.e., ultimate tensile strength and microhardness) than those with TiO₂+SiC_p flux coating. Moreover, the generation of necking only occurred in the welded joints with TiO₂+GNPs flux.