壬二酸联合氧化法的合成与反应机理初探

对以过氧化氢和臭氧联合为氧化剂,油酸为原料制备壬二酸的工艺进行了研究,考察了不同的过氧化氢的质量分数、通入臭氧的流速以及不同种类钨化合物与季铵盐组成的相转移催化体系催化氧化油酸的反应活性,实验结果表明:以20 g油酸为原料,加入0.6 g磷钨酸,0.7 g CTAB,滴加ω(H2O2)=30%60 mL,温度70℃,通入臭氧8 h,壬二酸的收率为71%.初步研究了臭氧-过氧化氢联合氧化法制备壬二酸的反应杌理,发现·0H是一个重要的反应物.     

二氧化双环戊二烯的合成

以过氧化氢为氧源,磷钨酸及甲基三辛基叔丁胺为催化剂,在水相/有机相两相体系中进行双环戊二烯的环氧化反应,考察了催化剂、溶剂、反应温度和物料配比对反应转化率及收率的影响。结果表明,在反应温度50℃、催化剂磷钨酸用量0.6 g、相转移催化剂甲基三辛基氯化铵用量0.7 g、n(过氧化氢):n(双环戊二烯)=2.0的条件下,20 mL的CHCl_3中反应8 h,双环戊二烯转化率接近100%,收率达94.3%。     

过氧化氢与臭氧联合氧化法合成壬二酸

对以过氧化氢和臭氧联合为氧化剂,由油酸制备壬二酸的工艺进行了研究,并讨论了过氧化氢的浓度及用量、通入臭氧的浓度、时间以及考察了不同种类钨化合物与季铵盐组成的相转移催化体系催化氧化油酸的反应活性。结果表明:当温度为70℃,20 g油酸,0.6 g磷钨酸,0.7 g十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB),滴加30%过氧化氢60 mL,通入臭氧时间为8 h,壬二酸的收率为71%。     

芥酸氧化裂解制备十三烷二酸研究

本文研究了过氧化氢氧化裂解芥酸制备十三烷二酸,实验以磷钨酸为催化剂,在相转移条件下进行。详细考察了催化剂添加方式、不同相转移试剂、磷钨酸用量、过氧化氢浓度、过氧化氢用量对产物产率的影响。结果表明:三辛基甲基氯化铵作为相转移试剂效果最佳,当经预处理的磷钨酸用量为3%,过氧化氢浓度为60%、用量为6倍双键量时,可得到较高的十三烷二酸产率,为83.5%。     

过氧化氢与臭氧联合氧化法合成壬二酸

以油酸为原料,过氧化氢和臭氧联合氧化法合成了壬二酸,并对影响反应活性的因素进行了研究,具体包括过氧化氢的浓度、用量,臭氧的浓度及通入时间,不同种类钨化合物与季铵盐组成的相转移催化体系.实验结果表明当反应温度为70℃,通入臭氧时间8 h,在合适的催化剂及原料配比情况下,壬二酸的得率为71%.     

负载型磷钨酸介孔炭催化合成油酸乙酯的研究

采用浸渍法制备负载型磷钨酸介孔炭作为催化剂,以油酸和乙醇为原料,催化合成油酸乙酯。考察了反应务件包括磷钨酸负载量（质量百分数）、反应温度、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量（质量百分数）和反应时间对酯化反应的影响。最佳反应条件为：磷钨酸负载量为30％（质量百分数）,反应温度为110℃,醇酸摩尔比为2．5：1,反应时间为4h,催化剂用量5％（质量百分数）,此时油酸酯化率为89．34％。     

相转移催化合成蔗糖油酸酯

以蔗糖和油酸酯为原料应用相转移催化剂(PTC)与碱性催化剂结合，合成蔗糖油酸酯，考察了反应时间、反应温度和催化剂用量对蔗糖油酸酯产率的影响，得出反应时间为4h，反应温度为100℃～110℃、催化剂聚乙二醇400(PEG-400)为油酸甲酯摩尔数的8％～10％，蔗糖油酸酯的产率达80％以上，单酯质量分数可以达到50％。     

磷钨酸铋催化合成油酸甲酯

以磷钨酸铋为催化剂,对油酸和甲醇反应合成油酸甲酯进行了研究,考察了反应时间、催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂重复使用性等因素对油酸甲酯收率的影响.实验结果表明反应的最佳条件为:油酸用量为0.1 mol,醇酸摩尔比为1.4,催化剂磷钨酸铋用量为1.5 g,反应时间为4h,酯收率达93.4％,催化剂重复使用五次催化性能未见明...     

介孔复合催化剂WO3/SiO2催化合成壬二酸的研究

以油酸为原料,以自制的介孔WO3/SiO2为催化剂,研究了以H2O2为氧化剂制取壬二酸的过程.系统地考察了催化剂中的Si/W、催化剂用量、H2O2用量与加入方式、反应时间等对壬二酸收率产生的影响.通过实验得到的最佳工艺条件为:油酸20g、叔丁醇50mL、wO3/介孔SiO2催化剂0.5g、30％H2O235g,加热回流...     

碳酸二甲酯作甲基化试剂合成邻氯苯甲醚

江苏工业学院江苏石油化工重点实验室以绿色化学原料碳酸二甲酯替代传统的有毒试剂作甲基化试剂,以邻氯苯酚为原料,在碳酸钾与相转移催化剂的作用下,合成邻氯苯甲醚。实验结果表明,其最佳反应条件为：以四丁基氯化铵为相转移催化剂,n（邻氯苯酚）：n（碳酸二甲酯）：n（四丁基氯化铵）=1：2：0．1,碳酸钾质量为反应物总质量的5％,反应温度为94～98℃.     

我国脂肪酸的生产和应用

简要介绍脂肪酸的分类、原料来源、生产工艺、品种以及用途。并对我国脂肪酸的生产现状进行了分析。重点介绍了脂肪酸在我国橡胶工业中、塑料助剂等领域的应用,脂肪酸甲酯作为表面活性剂在不同领域的广泛应用,最后还简述了癸二酸和改性醇酸树脂应用。     

酸液体系的研究现状分析和现场应用

酸化解堵与压裂改造相比,它具有施工相对简单和成本相对较低等特点,所以酸化解堵是一项各油田广泛使用的油气田增产技术。酸化解堵技术已有将近100历史,现已研制出具有不同特点的酸液体系,如乳化酸、泡沫酸、固体酸、多氢酸等,基本能满足复杂地质条件对酸液的要求。     

油酸的精制研究

油酸酰胺是一种很好的塑料添加剂 ,可用作塑料加工成型时的脱膜剂、润滑剂。油酸的原料来源很广 ,牛油、羊油、猪油等动物油油脂以及大豆油、花生油、棕榈油等植物油脂中都含有大量的油酸。由于油酸的来源和生产方法多种多样 ,因此其所含的脂肪酸种类及含量都不尽相同。除油酸外 ,还有亚油酸、亚麻酸等高不饱和脂肪酸。针对油酸中因含有大量的多不饱和组分如亚油酸、亚麻酸而容易产生氧化泛黄的问题 ,采取了尿素络合法对原料油酸进行精制 ,以减少原料中亚油酸、亚麻酸组分的含量。经气相色谱验证 ,产品达到了应用指标 ,提高了产品的抗氧性。     

The Growth‐Inhibiting Effects of Beef Fatty Acids on MCF‐7 Cells Are Influenced Mostly by the Depot Location and Inconsistently by the Biohydrogenation Intermediate Content

Biohydrogenation intermediates (BHI) including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are formed during ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in ruminants. Although many studies have examined the anticarcinogenic effects of CLA, few studies have reported the anticarcinogenic properties of BHI in their natural form found in dairy and beef fats. The present study compared the growth‐inhibitory effects of fatty acids from beef perirenal fat (PRF) or subcutaneous fat (SCF) with low or high levels of BHI in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells. Cells were exposed for 72 h to media containing increasing doses (50 to 400 μM) of different beef fat treatments. Fatty‐acid analysis showed that BHI were readily incorporated into cell phospholipids (PL) in a treatment‐dependent manner, but higher BHI in PL did not consistently inhibit growth. Culturing with low‐BHI PRF or high‐BHI PRF did not lead to growth inhibition, but low‐BHI SCF inhibited growth, and inhibition was further increased by high‐BHI SCF. Other classes of fatty acids may, therefore, be interacting with BHI resulting in differential effects on growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells.     

磷钼杂多酸的合成研究

介绍了磷钼杂多酸的合成。通过正交试验探讨了反应物料量比、三氧化钼浓度、反应温度和反应时间对产物产率的影响。结果表明,最适宜的反应条件为:反应物量比n(三氧化钼)∶n(磷酸)=12∶1.0、反应温度t=70℃、反应时间7 h、三氧化钼与水的质量比1∶8。经红外光谱分析及熔点测定确定所得产品为磷钼杂多酸化合物。并以磷钼杂多酸取代硫酸作催化剂制备乙酸乙醋来研究其催化活性,并与硫酸做催化剂进行对比实验收率为70.75%,超过硫酸催化剂水平。     

Fatty Acid Profiles in Sunflower Grains During Storage in Different Environments

This study aimed to evaluate the fatty acid profiles of sunflower oil extracted from hybrid grains produced and stored in different environments. The trials were conducted in Teresina (Piauí), Vilhena (Rondônia), and Jaguariúna (São Paulo) in randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. After harvesting, grains from 1 high oleic and 3 traditional hybrids were packed in kraft paper bags and stored in a covered shed and in a cold chamber up to 12 months. The fatty acid profiles were determined by gas chromatography after 0, 4, 8, and 12 months of storage. Analyses of variance were conducted in a split‐plot design, with hybrids being considered as whole plots and storage times as subplots. Tukey's test was performed to compare hybrids and regression analyses for storage times. The initial fatty acid profile of the grains of the same hybrid varied depending on the production location. The grain storage of high oleic and traditional sunflower hybrids during 12 months in covered shed and in cold chamber resulted in little changes in oil fatty acid profiles, regardless of the initial contents. These changes occurred only for linoleic and palmitic acids.     

Fatty Acid Profiles of Oil Obtained from Mid-Oleic Sunflowers Grown in Tropical Region

This study aimed to verify whether the fatty acid profiles of mid-oleic genotypes grown in the tropical region of Brazil fit the Codex Alimentarius and to examine the possibility of using traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids. For this purpose, we assessed the fatty acid profile of six mid-oleic hybrids grown in environments with different minimum temperatures during oil formation in the achenes. The tests were conducted between 2015 and 2017 in an experimentally randomized complete block design with four replications. The oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid contents were determined using gas chromatography. The mid-oleic hybrids presented varying levels of fatty acids, with oleic acid ranging between 43.6% and 84.6%, linoleic acid between 8.5% and 45.6%, palmitic acid between 3.9% and 5.7%, and stearic acid between 2.2% and 6.2%. Some of the fatty acid values were outside the ranges established by the CODEX STAN 210-1999 and were characteristic of high-oleic type sunflowers. This finding shows that we can take advantage of the potential of combining traditional inbred lines to produce high-oleic hybrids for faster and more economical breeding programs in these environments.     

Quality of Sunflower Oil Obtained in the Main Producing Region of Brazil: Adherence to the Codex Alimentarius

The objective of this work was to evaluate the quality of the oil extracted from sunflower achenes grown in Campo Novo de Parecis, the main producing region of Brazil, to optimize its use by the processing and food industries. In addition, the fatty acid profiles of the oil were checked for their adherence to the CODEX STAN 210–1999. Traditional and high-oleic genotypes were grown between 2014 and 2017 during trials with a randomized complete block experimental design with four replications. The contents of oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids were determined using gas chromatography. The fatty acid profiles of traditional genotypes were observed to be outside the ranges established by the CODEX, with an oleic acid content above 39.4% and linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acid values lower than 48.3%, 2.7%, and 5.0%, respectively, as well as high-oleic sunflower oil with a stearic acid content of less than 2.6%. The availability of this information can, on the one hand, positively impact industries and encourage the use of better quality raw materials that are more technologically and nutritionally adequate. On the other hand, the commercialization of sunflower oil with a fatty acid profile outside the ranges established by CODEX can be difficult, because the contents are out of specification due to the climatic conditions in the cropping region.     

质子酸催化合成α-氯代十二酸工艺研究

采用廉价的浓硫酸为催化剂,氧气为自由基捕集剂,以十二酸为原料,经氯化合成α-氯代十二酸。系统考察了反应温度、催化剂用量、氯气流量、氧氯比、反应时间等因素的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:十二酸20 g,在反应温度135℃、催化剂10%、氯气流量50 mL·min-1、vO2/vCl2=1∶2、反应时间3 h,可实现十二酸基本完全转化,目标产物α-氯代十二酸选择性达到94.5%。     

草酸作助剂磷钨酸催化H2O2氧化环己醇合成己二酸

在无有机溶剂、无相转移催化剂条件下,以草酸作助剂,采用磷钨酸催化过氧化氢氧化环己醇的方法来制备己二酸。考察了磷钨酸用量、反应时间、反应温度、过氧化氢用量及草酸用量对己二酸的分离产率的影响,得到最佳工艺条件,即环己醇10.51 mL、磷钨酸0.6 mmol/L、草酸1.0 mmol/L,H2O2(30%)70 mL,温度85℃、时间8 h,己二酸的最大分离产率为77.83%,纯度为99.9%。