电渗析器免拆洗剂研究

通过静态溶垢试验和静态模拟试验对电渗析器清剂进行了研究，研究表明：质量分数为2％，HCl,5%的多聚磷酸盐，HCl CaCO3可清洗掉常用电渗析器内垢物和污染物。     

二室双极膜电渗析器在低浓度二氧化硫净化工艺中应用的可行性

介绍了双权膜电渗析器在低浓度二氧化硫烟气净化中的应用，用国产双极膜和阴、阳离子交换膜组成二室双权膜电渗析器，考察了双极膜的性能，得出在高电流密度96．09mA/cm^2和1．2—1．7V的膜电压下，能获得较高的电流效率(80％一100％)和较快的转化速率．提出了国产双权膜存在的问题和今后研究的方向．     

（HF）高性能电渗析器用离子交换膜介绍

研究了自制的高性能阴阳离子交换膜在电渗析器上的性能。采用了比较苛刻的介质对离子交换膜的性能进行了考验。结果表明，在连续运转１５个月后，离子交换膜本身的电学性能没有明显变化，并且电渗析器的操作性能与初装时相近。这充分说明我们自制的阴阳离子交换膜具有较好的电学性能和比较理想的使用寿命，在电渗析器上的应用是成功的。     

电渗析中的膜垢膜污染的防止与清洗

综述了电渗析中常见膜垢和膜污染的类型,膜垢和膜污染的防止清除方法,及电渗析的多拆清洗现状。     

水溶性环烷基咪唑啉甜菜碱的合成及其对碳钢的缓蚀性能

目前,对水溶性环烷基咪唑啉甜菜碱的合成和应用研究不够,用环烷酸、三乙烯四胺、氯乙酸钠等原料合成后作碳钢缓蚀剂,用静态挂片失重法和电化学方法,研究了其在HCl,HCl-H2S水相体系中的缓蚀性能。结果表明：水溶性环烷基咪唑啉甜菜碱在1000mg／LHCl腐蚀体系中为以抑制阳极过程为主的阴阳极混合型缓蚀剂,在HCl,HCl...     

航空制氮污染膜的表征与清洗方法研究

以Air Production公司生产的Prism膜为研究对象,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、离子色谱仪、等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)和气相色谱质谱仪(GCMS)对污染后的膜形貌及污染物进行表征.结果表明,膜上主要的无机阴离子为Cl~-、SO_4~(2-);主要的金属离子有Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Fe~(3+)等;主要的有机污染物为甲苯和十一烷.推测无机物来源于制氮工艺中三级过滤器,有机物来源于空气压缩机内油雾.使用不同浓度的HCl和NaOH等化学清洗剂与超声清洗联用对膜进行了清洗,发现酸洗对无机物的去除效果较好,碱洗对有机物的去除效果较好.综合考虑最优的清洗方案为,先用质量分数0.9%的HCl清洗30min,再用质量分数0.9%的NaOH清洗30min,最后用去离子水冲洗30min.     

409L和410S热轧不锈钢在5种介质中的腐蚀行为

过去,用电化学和浸泡方法综合研究409L,410S热轧不锈钢的腐蚀性能不够。通过电化学和浸泡试验研究了409L和410S2种热轧不锈钢在80％H2SO4,10％HCl,20％NaOH,6％FeCl3及混合酸（3．2％HCl＋3．8％HNO3）中的耐蚀性能,并与奥氏体不锈钢304作对比。结果表明：3种钢的耐腐蚀能力为30...     

野西瓜多糖的超滤膜分级及膜清洗的研究

目的：探讨超滤膜分离野西瓜多糖的最佳工艺条件,寻找较佳的膜清洗方法。方法：用4种不同截留分子量（MWCO）的超滤膜分离野西瓜多糖,苯酚一硫酸法测定不同分子量多糖含量,纯水通量的恢复系数r作为清洗效朵的评价指标。结果：在室温下,控制超滤压力为0．14Mpa对0．4mg／mL的多糖进行超滤分级,得到4种不同分子量的野西瓜多糖,其中相对分子量在6万咀上多糖约占75．52％,分子量在3万-6万间的多糖约占12．32％。分子量在6千-3万间的多糖约占7．11％,分子量在3千-6千间的多糖约占2．90％。野西瓜多糖污染的聚砜超滤膜依次用H20、HCl、NaOH、NaClO4＋H2O清洗后,可使膜通量恢复至80％以上。     

清洗计量杠杆的好方法

清洗计量杠杆的好方法对饭器的杠杆清洗通常的方法是使用硫酸清洗或用铁砂布擦去锈斑和污垢，其缺点是硫酸有强氧化性和腐蚀性，不仅会使杠杆氧化变黑影响杠杆的清晰度，而且清洗时间长，同时，在操作过程中，易烧伤工作人员的皮肤及衣物。用铁砂布清洗则易将原来很浅的刻...     

HT-6M装置中频放电清洗实验研究

本文介绍一种用400Hz中频放电清洗HT-6MTokamak装置真空器壁的实验研究。系统经过800min断续中频放电,P_(18)、P_(28)降低两个量级,器壁表面C和O的含量分别降低到26%和5.8%。实验对400Hz中频放电清洗和直流辉光放电清洗效果进行了比较,结果表明400Hz放电对于表面H_2O的清洗效率优先于直流辉光放电清洗。实验中亦探讨了器壁条件的改善对等离子体参数的影响。     

原油对离子交换膜的污染及机理研究

通过含油污水对三槽电渗析的离子交换膜污染评价实验,发现原油对阴膜和阳膜污染的方向和程度都不同,阴膜为淡化室一侧且污染程度较严重,而阳膜为浓缩室一侧且污染程度较重;最后通过理论分析阐明了原油对阴膜和阳膜污染的机理.     

Sorption-Chromatographic Recovery of 103Pd from Irradiated Rhodium

Sorption recovery of ¹⁰³Pd from irradiated rhodium was studied with a series of chelating resins and strongly basic anion exchangers (VPK-14K, VPK, VP-A, ANKB-1, -7, -10, and -35, AV-16, -17, and -27, and Amberlite IRA-400). Chromatographic separation of ¹⁰³Pd from ^102m Rh was performed using 1-2 M HCl as an eluent. To estimate the elution conditions, the palladium distribution coefficients were determined under static condition as influenced by the HCl concentration. The distribution coefficients of palladium between concentrated HCl and ANKB-10, VP-14K, and Amberlite IRA-400 are the lowest. In the dynamic experiments, the maximum recovery was observed on Amberlite IRA-400 (91%), ANKB-10 (57%), and VP-14K (68%). Amberlite IRA-400 was suggested for sorption recovery of ¹⁰³Pd. This isotope with the ^102m Rh content lower than 0.002% can be recovered on small columns (3-5 ml) from 1-2 g of irradiated rhodium.     

Etching of GaAs substrates to create As-rich surface

Several different cleaning procedures for GaAs (100) substrates are compared using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and optical microscopy. This work emphasizes the effect of the last etching step: using either HCl, HF-ethanol (5%) or static deionized water after HCl cleaning. All the procedures except HCl solution (1:1) produce an As-rich surface. Also, none of the etchants except HF-ethanol solution produce Ga or As-rich (oxide free) surfaces. Optical microscopic study shows different etch pits produced due to etching in different solutions.     

The effects of calcium hydroxide on hydrogen chloride emission characteristics during a simulated densified refuse-derived fuel combustion process

This study investigated the effects of different calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)) addition methods on the potential for hydrogen chloride (HCl) formation in a simulated densified refuse-derived fuel (RDF-5) with single metal combustion system. These experiments were conducted at 850 degrees C with the Ca(OH)(2) spiked in the RDF-5 production or injection in the flue gas treatment system. The results indicated that the potential for HCl formation was decreased significantly by Ca(OH)(2) spiked in the RDF-5 production or injection in the flue gas treatment system. However, the Ca(OH)(2) injection method in the flue gas for HCl emission reduction was better than other method. According to the relationship between the HCl emission and amount of Ca(OH)(2) injected or spiked, it is interesting to find that when the Ca(OH)(2) injected or spiked ranged from 0% to 5%, the potential for HCl formation in the single metal combustion system decreases significantly with increasing Ca(OH)(2) injected or spiked ratio. A corresponding increase in the amount of CaCl(2) partitioned to the fly ash was observed. However, with the ratio of Ca(OH)(2) higher than 5%, the amount of HCl formation showed that no further significant variation occurred with increasing Ca(OH)(2) spiked ratio.     

水滑石/钙锌复合热稳定剂对PVC的热稳定作用

本文制备了水滑石/钙锌复合热稳定剂,采用XRD、FT-IR及静态热老化、脱HCl等实验及分析手段,探讨了水滑石对PVC的热稳定机理,研究了水滑石/钙锌复合热稳定剂对PVC的热稳定性能。实验表明,水滑石对PVC热解释放的HCl进行吸附分两个过程,首先层板羟基与HCl反应,然后层间CO32-与Cl-进行交换,可明显改善PVC的热稳定性,使PVC脱HCl的诱导时间提高了1.4倍。     

Study of Sorption of Eu(III) from Various Media on TODGA-Сontaining Sorbent AXIONIT MND40T

Radiochemistry - The dependences of the static capacity (SC) of the AXIONIT MND40T sorbent based on tetraoctyldiglycolamide (TODGA) for Eu(III) on the concentration of HNO3, HCl, H2SO4, and HClO4...     

电渗析处理L-谷氨酸废水

用电渗析法对膜拟的L -谷氨酸废水进行分离处理 ,得出描述电渗析器特性的经验模型 .并就几种因素对设备的极限电流密度和过程性能的影响进行研究 ,得出了本实验条件下适宜的操作条件 .     

Reaction characteristics of Ca(OH)2, HCl and SO2 at low temperature in a spray dryer integrated with a fabric filter

The objective of this research was to evaluate the reaction characteristics of CaOH2, HCl and SO2 in the flue gas emitted by a laboratory incinerator. The amount of sulfur retained in the residues (including the spray dryer ash and baghouse ash) was also evaluated in this study. The experimental parameters included HCl concentration (500-2000 ppm), SO2 concentration (500-2000 ppm), relative humidity (40-80% RH), and the addition of CaCl2 (30 wt.%).The results indicated that an HCl concentration of 500-2000 ppm did not affect HCl removal efficiency in the spray dryer at 150 degrees C and 45+/-5% RH. On the other hand, increase in SO2 concentration from 500 to 2000 ppm enhanced SO2 removal at 150 degrees C and 75+/-5% RH. Moreover, increase in removal efficiency of SO2 was more obvious when the relative humidity was greater than 80%. When the flue gas contained both HCl and SO2 simultaneously, the removal efficiency of SO2 could increase from 56.7 to 90.33% at HCl concentration of 236 ppm. However, when the concentration of HCl exceeded 535 ppm, the removal efficiency of SO2 decreased with increasing concentration of HCl. The removal efficiency of SO2 could be increase to 97.7% with the addition of CaCl2.     

Various atmosphere effects on sintering of compacts of SiO2 microspheres

The densification behaviour of highly ordered SiO₂ compacts sintered at 1000° C in H₂O (g) + N₂, static air, N₂ and 5% HCl + N₂ atmospheres was investigated. Densification rate was found to be atmosphere dependent. Surface tension to viscosity ratios were obtained for various sintering atmospheres using available sintering models. Scanning electron microscopy observations were employed to describe the different stages in the sintering of ordered compacts and to show the effects of various atmospheres on the microstructural development of ordered compacts.