不同截面型腔的气辅共注塑成型制件质量分析

基于自行开发的UDF模型进行溢流法GACIM数值模拟,研究了气体在5种截面型腔中,穿透芯层熔体的截面形状以及芯/壳层熔体残余壁厚分布情况.模拟发现,在相同成型工艺参数条件下,气体在不同截面型腔中穿透芯层熔体的截面形状不同,截面型腔外凸尖角越少,气体穿透芯层熔体的截面形状越接近圆形.芯/壳层熔体在非圆形截面型腔的外凸尖角...     

工艺条件对气体辅助注射成型的影响

基于Hele-Shaw模型,采用CAE技术,利用Moldflow软件对气体辅助注射成型过程中熔体注射温度、熔体预填充量、气体注射压力、延迟时间等重要工艺参数与气体穿透深度、熔体厚度和体积填充时间等重要指标的关系进行了数值模拟.结果表明,熔体注射温度和气体注射压力越高、延迟时间越短,则气体穿透深度越小、熔体厚度越薄、体积填充时间越短;熔体预注射量越大,则气体穿透深度越小、熔体厚度越厚、体积填充时间越短.     

气辅成型中气道设计对气体穿透的影响

气道的设计是气体辅助注射成型中的一个重要因素,不同的气道对气体穿透会产生不同的效果。利用模塑软件Moldflow分析了不同尺寸的矩形截面气道的气体穿透情况。结果表明,当量直径太小的气道,气体容易渗透到薄壁区域;而当量直径太大,气体穿透长度会减小。最后,还给出了一些气道设计的基本原则。     

不同截面型腔的溢流法流体辅助注塑工艺的实验分析

基于自行构建的流体辅助注塑实验平台,对5种不同截面型腔管件的溢流法气体辅助注塑(GAIM)和水辅助注塑(WAIM)进行了实验研究。研究了辅助介质对管件流体穿透截面形状、残余壁厚大小和流体穿透率的影响规律以及工艺参数对流体穿透率的影响规律,并分析了其影响机理。实验发现:气体的穿透截面趋于型腔截面形状,水的穿透截面趋于圆形;GAIM的五截面管件的最小残余壁厚均大于WAIM,最大残余壁厚均随着内切圆圆心到壁面的最大距离的减小而减小;气体的穿透率较水的穿透率小,均随着圆率的增加而增加,随气体/水注射压力的增加而增加,随气体/水注射延迟时间的增加而减小,随熔体注射温度的增加而有所增加。这些发现为GAIM和WAIM制品截面设计及工艺参数调节提供了参考。     

气辅成型过程气体穿透行为与工艺参数优化的试验研究

基于带平板的回形管式气体辅助成型样件对气体穿透行为和残余壁厚与气辅工艺参数的关系进行了研究分析.试验结果表明,气辅工艺参数如气体延迟时间、气体注射压力和熔体预注射量是影响气体辅助成型中气体穿透长度和残余壁厚的重要因素,而各参数间的交互作用致使气体穿透与残余壁厚的变化趋势更为复杂.     

方管短玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯高压水穿透行为研究

采用方形截面管件,以短玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯为原料,通过溢流法水辅助注射成型实验探究了熔体注射温度、注水延迟时间和注水压力等工艺参数对制件宏观现象的影响机理,并分析了高压水在方形管道中的穿透行为。结果表明,当熔体温度升高时,方管的直角边和斜边残余壁厚都呈减小趋势,但温度过高时会出现管件收缩现象,管件截面中空面积增大且截面形状与高压水的穿透前沿形状一致,偏圆形,但截面的圆率逐渐减小;当注水压力增加时,管件残余壁厚减小,截面中空面积增大,其截面形状随着注水压力的增加逐渐与型腔结构一致,偏方形;当注水延迟时间增加时,管件残余壁厚增大,中空截面减小且管件截面形状也与高压水前穿透前沿一致,偏圆形,但相较另外两个参数,注水延迟时间对方管件的影响程度更小,因而对截面的圆率影响不大。     

气辅注射成型工艺参数对气体穿透行为的影响

考察了气辅注射成型工艺参数(延迟时间、气体压力、熔体温度、预注射量)对气体穿透行为的影响。研究表明,延迟时间越短、熔体温度越高,残余壁厚越小。另外,预注射量、延迟时间和熔体温度对穿透长度的影响最为显著,即预注射量越大、延迟时间越短、熔体温度越低,穿透长度越长。结合此前研究者的数值模拟结果可以看出,残余壁厚率与通过数值方法得到的结果是较为一致的.     

气辅成型制品气道优化设计研究

采用数值模拟技术对气辅成型制品设计中带有半圆形气道和矩形气道的2种基本气道类型的聚苯乙烯板类件进行了模拟分析和物理模拟实验。根据气体穿透长度、气腔形状、残余壁厚及气道缺陷等主要参数,建立了气道质量评价标准。结果表明,对于半圆形气道,当气道半径为制品壁厚的2倍左右时气腔质量最佳;对于矩形气道,在气道宽度和壁厚相同的情况下,随着气道高度和气道宽度的增加,气体穿透后形成的气腔质量逐渐提高,当气道高度和气道宽度的比值达到2.0时,且气道宽度对制品壁厚的比值也达到2.0时,气腔质量最好,气道最优。     

气体辅助注射成型中气道布置及大小对薄壁穿透的影响

将两种不同的气道尺寸,利用Moldflow软件对气体在4种不同布置的气道内的穿透过程进行了数值模拟,结果表明:同样的气道尺寸、不同的气道布置以及相同的气道布置、不同的气道尺寸,其气体的薄壁穿透程度都是不同的。因此在气道设计中,应合理选择气道尺寸和气道布置。最后还给出了气道设计的一般原则。     

方管短玻纤增强聚合物水辅注射成型穿透模拟及实验

制件的穿透过程一直是水辅助注塑成型(WAIM)研究的热点。基于描述聚合物复合材料的黏弹性方程White-Metzner及流体动力学三大控制方程,采用有限体积法(FVM)开发的软件对由直线构成的方形截面管材短玻璃纤维增强聚合物水辅注射成型的穿透行为进行了数值模拟分析,并通过实验进行验证。分析中主要考虑工艺参数(熔体温度、注水压力、熔体注射量、纤维含量和注水延迟时间)及不同成型方法对制件性能的影响规律。结果表明,熔体温度和注水压力的增加会使制件的中空率增大,而随着延迟时间和注射量的增大,中空率减小;其他工艺参数不变,玻璃纤维含量越高中空率越小,这些现象进一步印证了前人的实验结果。溢流法成型制件的穿透截面形状趋于圆形,玻纤含量越高,圆率越大;短射法成型制件的穿透截面形状趋于型腔截面,且注射量和玻纤含量越高,穿透截面形状越偏离型腔截面;实验结果与模拟相符。     

气辅共注成型工艺中气道截面影响的CAE研究

基于气辅共注成型充填过程控制方程和7参数Cross—WLF黏度模型，采用数值模拟的方法研究了气辅共注成型工艺中气道截面的大小对熔体流动、气体穿透与压力分布的影响。采用改进的控制体积／有限元／有限差分法实现对充填过程中多重运动界面的追踪以及压力、温度等场量分布的预测，编写了相应的模拟程序。对气道等效直径分别为5mm、8mm和12mm的矩形板的气辅共注成型充填过程进行了数值模拟。通过对模拟结果的比较发现：随着气道等效直径的增大，气道中的熔体与薄壁区的熔体流速差越来越大，熔体流动的“跑道”效应越来越突出；“薄壁穿透”缺陷由明显到缓解直至基本消除；压力损失越小，压力分布也变得更为均匀。因而在制件设计时，气道截面尺寸宜稍大而不宜过小。     

延迟时间对气辅注射成型气体穿透行为影响的数值模拟和实验研究

以一个具有气辅成型典型结构的塑料制品为研究对象,通过物理实验和全三维数值模拟结合的方法,研究了不同延迟时间时的气辅成型中气体穿透行为,对结果进行了分析和探讨。结果表明,延迟时间对气体穿透长度、气指尺度和残余壁厚等衡量气辅成型质量的关键参数有较大的影响。     

Effect of gas channel design on the molding window of gas‐assisted‐injection‐molded polystyrene parts

Gas channel design plays a dominant role in determining the successful application of gas‐assisted injection molding. Although empirical guidelines for gas channel design have been proposed by the various equipment suppliers, quantitative criteria based on well‐designed experiments have not been reported yet. In this study, transparent polystyrene plates designed with semicircular gas channels of different radii and with rectangular gas channels of different width‐to‐height ratios were gas‐assisted‐injection‐molded to investigate the geometrical effects on gas penetration with various plate thicknesses. Plate parts designed with gas channels having four different types of cross sections but with the same section area were also examined. Molding windows and criteria for gas penetration were properly chosen so that the design rule could be defined quantitatively. The moldability index was also classified into five levels (excellent, good, fair, poor, and bad) based on the relative areas of the molding windows. From a plot of the moldability index versus the ratio of the equivalent gas channel radius to the plate thickness, we found that the ratio should be approximately greater than 2 for an appropriate molding window (fair moldability index) to be obtained. The dimensional ratio of the width to the height for rectangular gas channels also affected the moldability index under the same equivalent radius. Meanwhile, for four gas channel designs, both gas channel designs attached to the top rib provided better moldability than the other designs. This investigation offers part designers preliminary quantitative design and molding guidelines for choosing an effective gas channel design that allows the parts to be molded under an appropriate molding window so that the uncertainty in both simulation and process control can be overcame. Furthermore, this study provides a methodology for the establishment of quantitative gas channel design guidelines. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2979–2986, 2003     

Simulations of primary and secondary gas penetration for a gas-assisted injection-molded thin part with gas channel

Numerical simulations and experimental studies concerning melt flow and primary as well as secondary gas penetration during the filling and the postfilling stages in gas-assisted injection molding of a thin plate with a semicircular gas channel design were conducted. Distribution of the skin melt thickness along the gas-penetration direction was measured to identify primary and secondary gas penetration. Melt and gas flow within the gas channel of a semicircular cross section is approximated by a model which uses a circular pipe of an equivalent hydraulic diameter superimposed on the thin part. An algorithm based on the control-volume/finite-element method combined with a dual-filling parameter technique suitable for the tracing of two-component flow-front advancements is utilized and numerically implemented to predict both melt- and gas-front advancements during the melt-filling and the gas-assisted filling processes. A flow model of the isotropic melt-shrinkage origin combined with a gapwise layer tracing algorithm was implemented to assist the prediction of secondary gas penetration and melt flow in the post-filling stage. Simulated results on the gas front locations at the end of both primary and secondary penetration phases show reasonably good coincidence with experimental observations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:1553–1564, 1998     

Computer simulation of the filling process in gas‐assisted injection molding based on gas‐penetration modeling

Gas‐assisted injection molding can effectively produce parts free of sink marks in thick sections and free of warpage in long plates. This article concerns the numerical simulation of melt flow and gas penetration during the filling stage in gas‐assisted injection molding. By taking the influence of gas penetration on the melt flow as boundary conditions of the melt‐filling region, a hybrid finite‐element/finite‐difference method similar to conventional‐injection molding simulation was used in the gas‐assisted injection molding‐filling simulation. For gas penetration within the gas channel, an analytical formulation of the gas‐penetration thickness ratio was deduced based on the matching asymptotic expansion method. Finally, an experiment was employed to verify this proposed simulation scheme and gas‐penetration model, by comparing the results of the experiment with the simulation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2377–2384, 2003     

Approximate prediction of gas core geometry in gas assisted injection molding using a short cut method

A relatively cheap, short cut method for prediction of the form and location of the gas core, and the residual plastic wall thickness in gas assisted injection molding (GAIM) is described. The basis is a steady state, single phase solution for flow of the polymer melt through the channel of interest, without the need to model the gas penetration. The gas‐polymer interface position is predicted by an appropriately chosen isovel of the flow. For a prismatic or slowly varying channel, only a two‐dimensional developed flow solution is required. For more sharply varying cross sections, and where bends are present, a steady three‐dimensional (3D) solution is necessary. When a gas delay is used, during which polymer cools to the cavity walls, a solution for transient conduction in the static melt is carried out before the flow solution. By comparisons with the results of full 3D, transient, two‐phase simulations of GAIM, and with experimental results, the short cut method is shown to provide reasonable approximations, and in contrast to other currently used approximate methods, captures thickness variations around the circumference of noncircular channels. The asymmetric gas core location in bends is reproduced, as is the increased plastic wall thickness resulting from cooling during a gas delay. While the full analysis will still be required for complex parts and when high accuracy is required, the described short cut method is likely to prove useful in many other cases. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:713–720, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Gas displacing liquids from non-circular tubes: high capillary number flow of a shear-thinning liquid

Transient, three-dimensional finite element analysis has been used to investigate the displacement of a shear thinning liquid from prismatic channels of square, rectangular and trapezoidal cross sections. Inertia, gravity and surface tension effects are neglected and the results therefore apply in the limits of low Reynolds and high capillary numbers. The analysis is carried out in a fixed frame of reference and gas penetration is modelled as the bubble moves down the tube, which is long relative to its transverse dimension. Results are provided for the thickness of the layers left on the channel walls under developed conditions, and the fraction of the cross section occupied by liquid, as a function of the channel cross-sectional geometry and the degree of shear thinning, modelled using the power law. Interface contours on the channel cross sections are displayed. It is found for the Newtonian liquid that the fingering instability arises in the rectangular channel when the aspect ratio reaches about five. Shear thinning delays the onset of the instability to higher aspect ratios. The results are systematized, and insights gained into the influence of channel geometry and shear thinning, by noting a qualitative, inverse relationship between the deposited layer thickness and the shear rate at the wall in the flow ahead of the bubble.