摩擦纺荨麻包芯纱的纺制及工艺研究

荨麻纤维是一种野生的天然纤维,属于麻类纤维的一种,目前国内外对荨麻纤维的开发和利用还处于起步阶段.分析了荨麻纤维的可纺性,开发出了以荨麻纤维和亚麻短纤维为包覆纤维、涤纶短纤维为芯纱的摩擦纺包芯纱,并利用正交试验,研究了纺纱速度、摩擦辊转速以及芯纱比例对纱线性能的影响,优选出荨麻纤维摩擦包芯纱的纺纱工艺范围.     

涤纶短纤维包芯纱粗纱的生产

包芯纱是以长丝为纱芯、外包短纤维的复合纱,一般是在细纱机上完成两种纤维的包覆.某纺织企业采用日本尤尼吉可公司、德国SKF联合研制的FL -6改进型粗纱机,在粗纱机上完成以涤纶短纤维为纱芯、外包棉纤维的包芯纱纺制,填补了纺制包芯纱的一个技术空白,提供了一种新的开发高档面料的纺纱形式.     

包芯纱捻系数的作用

绪言为了使产品适应多种用途的需要,促使纺纱新技术的发展,包芯纱即是其中之一。包芯纱用短纤维作纱芯是不常见的,最普遍的是用长丝作纱芯,用粘胶、天然棉等短纤维包覆制成。纺制包芯纱的主要目的在于使成纱兼有纱芯、皮层两种成分的优点。     

亚麻短纤维在纺织工业中的合理利用

在高档品种的细纱和织物中使用亚麻短纤维是一项非常重要而现实的任务。根据我们的研究,用亚麻短纤维可以纺得高质量的包芯纱,包芯纱中,亚麻短纤维处于外层缠绕在坚牢的化纤芯纱上(卡普隆,拉夫桑,强力粘胶丝等等),通过拈合的方法使其紧固起来。这种细纱可以做为经、纬纱用在一系列重要工业用的亚麻     

两种包芯纱的工艺优选及质量对比

探讨传统环锭纺包芯纱与赛络纺包芯纱的细纱工艺参数优化及芯纱包覆效果、成纱质量对比。细纱工序选择钳口隔距、后区牵伸倍数和捻系数进行三因子三水平正交试验,对条干CV、强力、毛羽等成纱质量指标进行测试,得出条干CV值的优化工艺为:钳口隔距3.5mm,后区牵伸1.39倍,捻系数402。对传统环锭纺包芯纱与赛络纺包芯纱的芯纱包覆效果与成纱质量指标进行对比分析,结果表明:传统环锭纺包芯纱的包覆效果、成纱质量均优于赛络纺包芯纱。认为:无论是纺制传统环锭纺包芯纱还是赛络纺包芯纱,都应控制好芯纱的喂入位置,从而保证良好的芯纱包覆效果。     

亚麻短纤维摩擦包芯竹节纱的开发

在DREF-Ⅲ型摩擦纺纱机上,以亚麻短纤维为外包纤维、涤纶短纤维为芯纱、棉纤维为竹节纤维,开发亚麻短纤维摩擦包芯竹节纱产品,探索该类产品的纺纱工艺及规律。     

亚麻/粘胶摩擦纱织物性能的研究

试验研究了亚麻 粘胶摩擦纱和摩擦包芯纱的平纹织物的性能 ,并将它们与亚麻 粘胶环锭纱织物以及纯棉环锭纱平纹织物的性能进行了比较和分析。结果表明 ,以涤纶长丝为芯丝的亚麻 粘胶摩擦包芯纱织物具有良好的服用性能。     

苎麻芳纶摩擦纺包芯纱工艺与性能浅析

为了探讨苎麻纤维、苎麻纱碱处理对苎麻芳纶摩擦纺包芯纱和复合纱性能的影响，采用室温碱法对苎麻纤维、苎麻纱进行处理；并介绍了高强高模的连续芳纶纤维作为芯纱，苎麻芳纶摩擦纺包芯纱的工艺。对比分析了碱处理后包芯纱和混和纱性能的变化。经测试认为碱处理降低了复合纱的性能，而增加了苎麻芳纶摩擦纺包芯纱性能。     

包芯纱的纺制

文章介绍了包芯纱的前景;论述了包芯纱可以充分发挥短纤维和长丝的长处,弥补各自的缺点;分析了包芯纱分类方法;描述了两种包芯纱装置的特性及有关安装、传动、张力控制、芯纱定位等注意事项;重点阐明了包芯纱的纺制关键、纱疵防治及产品开发。     

包芯纱和赛络菲尔纱性能对比分析

探讨包芯纱和赛络菲尔纱成纱性能差异及赛络菲尔纱长丝与短纤维须条间距的优选。阐述了包芯纱和赛络菲尔纱纺纱原理和特点,对同原料同号的两种纱性能进行了比较,并对赛络菲尔纺长丝与短纤维须条间距进行了工艺优选。结果表明:由于包缠结构的差异,与同号包芯纱相比,赛络菲尔纱条干、3 mm有害毛羽、强伸性能均优于包芯纱;赛络菲尔纱长丝与短纤维须条间距配置以5 mm为较优。认为:在开发功能性纱线产品时,可参考上述结论,根据面料服用性能的不同需求选择适宜的纺纱方式。纺制赛络菲尔纱时,应注意通过工艺试验优选长丝与短纤维须条间距。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the