粘土甲基兰指数的工业应用探讨

本文概述了粘土吸附亚甲基兰的机理,通过对几类瓷用粘土的物化测试,找出其与粘土的化学、矿物组成、晶体特性、颗粒分布、可塑性及干燥强度之间的关系,从而确认它在陶瓷工业中的实用价值.     

泥浆控制初探

建筑卫生陶瓷生产，大多数是采用注浆成型方法来实现。而泥浆的制备则是注浆成型的关键环节。陶瓷泥浆是由各种陶瓷矿物原料按一定的配比加工制成的，各种原料的性能综合在一起表现出了泥浆一系列物理、化学特性。特别是粘土质原料的性能是影响泥浆性能的重要因素。本文就稳定我厂生产用的卫生瓷泥浆性能，控制粘土质原料及“改性”，做一初步探讨。     

熟料粒度分布与矿物组成对硅酸盐水泥抗裂性的影响

为系统探究熟料粒度分布和矿物组成对硅酸盐水泥抗裂性的影响,研究了熟料粒度分布和矿物组成对水泥基材料工作性能、水化性能、力学性能、干燥收缩性能和抗裂性能的影响。结果表明：随着水泥熟料细颗粒含量的提高,水泥标准稠度用水量增大,凝结时间缩短,失水率减少,干燥收缩增大,开裂风险增大;随着水泥熟料中C₃S含量的减少,C₂S含量的增加,水泥标准稠度用水量变化不明显,凝结时间延长,早期水化活性和强度降低,后期强度能稳定增长,失水率增大,干燥收缩减小;制备抗裂硅酸盐水泥时,建议水泥熟料粒度分布特征粒径D₁₀控制在5～7μm之间,D₉₀在45μm左右,C₃S含量在40%～60%,C₂S含量在10%～30%。     

原料种类对堇青石蜂窝陶瓷性能的影响

利用德化日用陶瓷用滑石、粘土和氧化铝等为原料,采用挤压成型法制备堇青石蜂窝陶瓷,采用SEM对材料的微观结构进行表征,通过拉力试验机测试蜂窝瓷的力学性能;实验结果表明滑石和粘土原料的成分组成、颗粒形貌和粒径分布对材料的性能有很大的影响。原料在保证生成设计含量的堇青石基础上,适量的助熔成分和适当的粒度分布都有利于提高蜂窝陶瓷的力学强度。     

浅谈蒙脱石类矿物对脱釉的影响

蒙脱石类矿物是陶瓷工业常用的重要塑化剂。它具有颗粒极细、粘结力特强等特性,可显著增加坯料的可塑性与干燥强度。但我厂的生产经验又告诉我们,含有蒙脱石类矿物的粘土不适于注浆泥料,因为它是造成产品脱釉的主要因素。我厂生产的产品是以艺术瓷为主的东陵炻器,采用注浆成型,一次烧成。所用原料     

腐植酸钠用于可塑泥料的试验

在陶瓷可塑法成型的泥料配方中,往往要加入一定量的高可塑粘土,以提高泥料的可塑性和结合能力,从而来满足成型工艺的要求,以及提高半成品的强度,有利于后道工序的操作,减少半成品的损耗率。尤其是滚压成型对泥料的要求更加严格,往往由于泥料性能差,引起飞坯、花底及干燥过程中出现大量开裂,严重影响生产效率。     

用朝鲜土试制卫生瓷

对朝鲜土进行了化学组成和矿物组成的研究，并用其试制卫生瓷。工艺实验表明，用朝鲜土研制的卫生瓷坯体泥料的工艺性能良好，产品的性能均符合卫生瓷质量标准规定的各项指标。朝鲜土可用作生产卫生陶瓷的原料。     

陈腐和真空练泥对提高泥料性能的效果对比

一、前言南方地区,尤其是景德镇地区,陶瓷工业生产所使用的粘土原料多属于原生粘土。它颗粒较粗,可塑性较差,干燥强度较低,给成型工艺操作带来了一定的困难,成型坯体破损率大,成坯率低是各个生产厂的通弊。     

矿物掺和料与再生骨料对水泥强度和收缩性能的影响

矿物掺和料与再生骨料应用于水泥制品中是废弃物资源化利用的重要途径。为了研究矿物掺和料与再生骨料对水泥强度和收缩性能的影响,设计不同掺和料掺合比例与再生骨料取代率,进行不同龄期的强度、干燥收缩和早期自收缩测试。结果表明,粉煤灰降低水泥强度,而矿粉可提高水泥后期强度;粉煤灰和矿粉对水泥的干燥收缩有抑制作用,但对水泥早期自收缩有促进作用;再生骨料能够提高水泥强度,而对水泥的收缩性能无明显影响。     

高岭石的研磨研究

本次研究选用的三种原料分别是:球粘土P,来自喀拉拉邦Padappakara,瓷土T来自于喀拉拉邦Thonnakkal,球粘土B来自于拉贾斯坦邦Bikaneer。研究的内容是研磨对以上三种高岭质原料的可塑性、颗粒尺寸、阳离子交换容量和矿物组成的影响。研究发现球粘土P在研磨过程中产生新相α—Al_2O_3,原因是球粘土P含有三水铝石杂质。球粘土B和瓷土T在研磨过程中矿物没有发生变化。     

毕节市兴丰村高岭土的理化及工艺性能研究

从矿山采集具有代表性的高岭土,精选后球磨并过80目筛备用。利用X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、综合热分析仪（DTA-TG）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对高岭土的化学成分、矿物组成、理化性质和微观形貌进行了表征,并详细考察了其多项工艺性能指标。研究结果表明:该高岭土的主要矿物组成为高岭石（83.23wt%）和埃洛石（15.93wt%）,属粘土类矿物,其中高岭石呈典型的片层状结构,埃洛石呈六方管状结构。该矿物原料可塑性非常好,阳离子交换容量值较小,流动性和触变性较小,干燥收缩较大,干燥强度较大。由于该矿物中碱金属和碱土金属氧化物含量均较低,因此烧结温度较高（烧结温度高于1350℃）,并且其含有少量的Fe₂O₃（0.49wt%）和Cr₂O₃（0.20wt%）,导致烧成（1250℃）白度不高,为64.5%。     

贵州毕节金银山粘土的理化及工艺性能研究

从矿山采集具有代表性的粘土,球磨并过80目筛备用.利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、综合热分析仪(DTA-TG)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对粘土的化学成分、矿物组成、理化性质和微观形貌进行了表征,并详细考察了其多项工艺性能指标.研究结果表明:该粘土的主要矿物组成为白云母(27.69wt％)、高岭石(33.12wt％)、石英(35.31wt％)和板钛矿(0.91wt％),呈典型的片状结构.该矿物原料可塑性非常好、阳离子交换容量低、流动性较大、触变性较小、干燥收缩很小、干燥强度较大.由于该粘土矿物中碱金属和碱土金属总含量不高(4.73wt％),因此烧结温度较高(烧结温度范围为1250℃～1300℃),并且其含有较多的Fe2O3(1.22wt％)和TiO2 (0.90wt％),导致烧成(1250℃)白度较低,仅为41.12％.     

贵州毕节永安碗厂粘土的理化及工艺性能研究

从矿山采集具有代表性的粘土,球磨并过80目筛备用.利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、综合热分析仪(DTA-TG)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对粘土的化学成份、矿物组成、理化性质和微观形貌进行了表征,并详细考察了其多项工艺性能指标.研究结果表明:该粘士的主要矿物组成为伊利石(9.49 wt％)、累托石(45.36 wt％)和石英(43.68 wt％),呈典型的片状结构.该矿物原料可塑性良好、阳离子交换容量低、流动性较小、触变性较大、干燥收缩较大、干燥强度较低.由于该粘土矿物中碱金属和碱土金属总含量不高(4.25 wt％),因此烧结温度较高(烧结温度范围为1250～ 1300℃).该粘土矿物中Fe2 O3(0.72 wt％)和TiO2(0.27 wt％)总体含量不高,因此具有较高的烧成白度,1250℃下烧成的白度值为50.59％.     

Refractory plastic mixtures based on highly concentrated ceramic binding suspensions (HCBS). 1. Structural and mechanical properties of suspensions (Pastes) of refractory clays

In contrast to the known refractory plastic mixtures that possess certain drawbacks the authors pose the problem of preparing similar mixtures with HCBS under the assumption that by using HCBS of an acid or acid-amphoteric composition plasticized by a refractory clay it is possible to improve the characteristics of this group of unshaped refractories (to reduce the shrinkage due to drying and heat treatment and the porosity and increase the strength). The properties of mixtures based on Nizhne-Uvelskoe clay as a plasticizer of plastic refractory mixtures arc described. Translated from Ogneupory i Tekhnicheskaya Keramika, No. 4, pp. 14–19, April, 2000.     

The influence of shaping and firing technology on ceramic properties of calcareous and non-calcareous illitic–chloritic clays

Two very different illitic–chloritic clays (calcareous and non-calcareous), both currently used in the Italian brickmaking industry, were used. Technological testing consisted in a simulation of the industrial processing performed at a laboratory scale. The pieces were obtained by three shaping techniques, pressing, extrusion and moulding, and fired at 1000 and 1100 °C, in fast and slow heating cycles. In each case their technological properties were studied. The microstructure and technological parameters of the ceramic pieces vary greatly, depending on the clay composition and the processing techniques. Pressing always produces pieces made from non-calcareous clay with the lowest drying and firing shrinkage, open porosity and water absorption. As it regards the calcareous clay, the lowest values of drying and firing shrinkage and water absorption are obtained by extrusion and moulding, respectively. The mechanical resistance, pore size distribution and critical pore diameter do not reflect clearly the influence of shaping techniques. Independently from the shaping technique adopted, all non-calcareous bodies show higher Maage's indexes than the calcareous ones. In any case, the Maage's durability factor is higher in extruded samples.     

Effect of Microbiological Treatment on Technological Properties of Clays with Different Mineralogical Compositions (A Review)

The effect of the bacterial culture Bacillus mucilaginosus on the structural-mechanical, flow, drying, and other properties of argillaceous materials of different mineralogical compositions is investigated. Bacterial treatment of clay material increases its degree of dispersion and plasticity and decreases its linear air shrinkage and the drying sensitivity coefficient, which makes it possible to shorten the drying cycle, decrease the quantity of defectives pieces, lower the firing temperature, intensify the sintering process, and increase the strength of molded preforms and finished articles. __________ Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 6, pp. 10 – 15, June, 2005.     

贵州大方县百纳村高岭土的理化及工艺性能研究

从矿山采集代表性的高岭土样品,球磨并过80目筛备用。利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、综合热分析仪(DTA-TG)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对高岭土的化学成分、矿物组成、理化性质与微观形貌进行了表征,并详细考察了其多项工艺性能指标。结果表明:该高岭土的主要矿物组成为多水高岭石(84.77wt%)和绿脱石(1.33wt%),具有典型的六方管状结构,管直径在十几到几十个纳米不等,管长约为几百纳米。该高岭土可塑性较好,阳离子交换容量值很高,流动性和触变性小,干燥收缩大,干燥强度较低。由于该高岭土样品的Fe2O3(0.43wt%)含量低,从而具有较高的烧成白度,1250℃下烧成样品的白度为70.8%。     

硫铝酸钙膨胀剂与氧化镁膨胀剂对丁苯乳液改性砂浆性能的影响

本文研究了温度为20 ℃,相对湿度为90%(RH90%)和60%(RH60%)时,硫铝酸钙膨胀剂(CSA)与氧化镁膨胀剂(MEA)对丁苯乳液改性砂浆的工作性能、力学性能与收缩性能的影响。结果表明,丁苯乳液改性砂浆的流动度随着2种膨胀剂掺量的增加均先增大后降低。在RH90%与RH60%下,CSA掺量分别为水泥质量的6%与10%时,砂浆的抗折与抗压强度最高。2种相对湿度下,CSA都可有效降低砂浆干燥收缩;RH90%下掺8%MEA可提升砂浆抗折与抗压强度,亦可有效补偿砂浆后期干燥收缩;RH60%下掺8%MEA会降低砂浆抗折与抗压强度,且无法有效补偿砂浆的干燥收缩。     

Development of fireclay aluminosilicate refractory from lithomargic clay deposits

Lithomargic clay until now has not been utilised to produce refractory bodies due to its low plasticity. In this work, the development and evaluation of fireclay refractory material produced from lithomargic clay deposit has been studied by addition of clay binder. Three formulations were prepared by mixing, semi-dry moulding, drying and firing at temperatures ranging from 1200 to 1400 °C. The fired samples were investigated to determine their physical properties such as bulk density, apparent porosity, linear firing shrinkage, and cold crushing strength. The chemical and mineralogical compositions were also determined. The results show that the linear firing shrinkage values were within limits acceptable for refractory clays. The cold crushing strength increases as temperature increased to 1400 °C. Cold crushing strength increased with increasing binder content. The increase of the highly refractory phases (cristobalite and mullite) and the densification of the bricks due to the presence of fluxing agents were responsible for the high cold crushing strength values. The investigated properties indicate that lithomargic clay underlying bauxite deposits could be used to produce fire clay aluminosilicate refractories.     

掺合料对超高性能水泥基装饰材料性能的影响

将重钙粉与偏高岭土以不同的比例混合并替代白水泥，制备超高性能水泥基装饰材料,研究两者掺入比例变化对超高性能水泥基装饰材料工作性能、力学性能及自收缩的影响，采用SEM扫描电镜观察28 d龄期后试件内部微观形貌，研究表明，随着重钙粉与偏高岭土比例的增大，试件的致密程度和强度先增后减，其中B9-9的28 d抗压与抗折强度可以达到120.6 MPa与42.9 MPa，且工作性、收缩性能良好、内部结构致密。