线性离散不确定系统区域极点配置的状态反馈实现方法

研究利用状态反馈对线性离散不确定系统进行区域极点配置的问题。导出了一个由离散代数Ｒｉｃａｔｉ方程表示的对线性离散不确定系统进行区域极点配置的充分条件,并给出了一个通过求解该方程来确定状态反馈增益矩阵的算法。     

线线离散不确定系统区域极点配置的状态反馈实现方法

研究利用状态反馈对线性离散不确定系统进行区域极点配置的问题。导出了一个由离散代数Ｒｉｃｃａｔｉ方程表示的对线性离散不确定系统进行区域极点配置的充分条件,并给出了一个通过求解该方法来确定状态反馈增益矩阵的算法。     

一种新的间接自适应极点配置算法

针对离散时不变最小相位系统，提出了一种新的间接自适应极点配置算法。该算法的主要优点是可以实现对任意有界参考输出的渐近跟踪，而其他自适应极点配置则不具有这种性质，仿真例子说明所提新算法的良好跟踪性能。     

重力作用下柔性机械手臂滑动模控制器的鲁棒设计*

本文研究柔性机械手臂在竖直平面内的调节问题。首先给出了在重力作用下滑动模的运动方程；进而得到了滑动模极点配置问题的显解；最后给出了在非匹配参数扰动下使滑动模具有良好动态品质的鲁棒极点配置方法，从而解决了早期工作中提出的关于滑动模控制器设计中的极点配置及鲁棒性问题，为滑动模控制方法应用于柔性机械手鲁棒控制问题奠定了理论基础。     

离散线性周期系统的模型匹配

考虑离散线性周期系统的模型匹配问题, 提出一种基于参数化极点配置的模型匹配方法. 该方法从时域的角度出发, 采用周期状态反馈, 使得闭环系统充分接近目标系统. 由于所采用的参数化极点配置算法提供了充分的自由度, 所提出的方法能够实现零误差匹配. 数值算例验证了所提出算法的有效性.

     

基于高阶干扰观测器的极点配置控制器及应用

本文设计了一种可以对外部干扰进行估计的高阶干扰观测器,并针对一类具有外部干扰的单输入单输出离散时间线性系统,提出了一种基于高阶干扰观测器的极点配置控制方法.该方法由常规极点配置控制器和高阶干扰观测器组成.常规极点配置控制器用来保证闭环系统稳定,并将闭环系统的极点配置到理想位置,高阶干扰观测器用来补偿外部干扰对闭环系统的影响.理论分析以及仿真和水箱液位系统中的实验结果表明了所提方法的有效性和优越性.     

离散时间自适应控制算法的一种新统一格式

本文提出根据显式极点配置自校正调节器设计离散时间模型参考自适应系统的一种新统一格式。以该设计方法为基础，确定一类离散时间自适应控制器。本文给出了仿真实例。     

基于快速输出采样反馈的网络控制系统滑模控制

针对网络控制系统的网络诱导时延问题,提出了一种新的滑模控制方法。通过快速采样被控对象输出,建立了具有线性时不变被控对象的网络控制系统的离散模型。在此基础上,用极点配置法给出了滑模切换面参数,设计了输出反馈离散滑模控制器。仿真结果验证了该控制方法的有效性。     

柔性机械手结构/控制融合设计

针对柔性机械手的设计性能要求,以单臂机械手为例,讨论了基于系统性能配置的结构/控制融合设计方法．根据控制系统超调量σp和调整时间ts的要求,配置闭环控制传递函数极点的可行区域．在此基础上,把柔性结构动力学和控制理论相结合,建立了包含结构参数和控制参数的性能配置优化模型,并以系统的转动惯量和控制能量指标为目标函数对机电设计参数进行了优化．     

不确定广义系统的圆形区域极点配置

考虑不确定连续或离散广义系统的圆形区域极点配置问题, 目的是设计状态反 馈控制律, 使得闭环系统正则, 无脉冲(连续广义系统情形)或因果(离散广义系统情形), 且 闭环极点位于一给定的圆形区域内. 给出了所期望的状态反馈控制律存在的充分条件及其解 析表达式.     

气动人工肌肉手臂的神经网络Smith预估控制

针对含时滞d的1关节气动人工肌肉(PAM)手臂,用三层递归神经网络(RNN),建立PAM手臂包含时滞的模型(即非线性Smith预估器),并超前d步预测PAM手臂的输出角度.将此超前d步的预测值作为反馈量,与设定值相比较得到的误差作为PID控制器输入量,实现Smith预估PID控制.同时每一步都用RNN模型当前时刻的输出值与PAM手臂当前时刻实际输出值之差的平方做为RNN权值的在线调整准则对RNN预测模型的权值进行在线调整,以自适应PAM手臂的不确定性和时变性.使用Matlab通过串口和研华亚当模块对实物PAM手臂进行控制,控制效果表明所提出的Smith预估PID控制算法比常规PID控制算法的性能有显著提高,证明所提出的算法是有效的和切实可行的.     

基于专家PID的带臂四旋翼无人机控制方法

相较于未带臂的无人机,带臂无人机（UAV）的飞行轨迹会出现较大偏差,更难以稳定控制。为了解决带臂UAV的精确轨迹控制问题,提出基于专家PID的带臂四旋翼无人机控制方法。首先,将机械臂搭载于UAV上把它们作为整体,并通过拉格朗日方程建立了带臂UAV的运动学和动力学系统模型;其次,设计专家PID控制器用于对系统的稳定控制;然后利用五次多项式对带臂UAV的机械臂进行轨迹规划;最后,通过仿真验证专家PID控制方法对带臂UAV稳定控制的有效性。实验结果表明,相较于常规PID控制,所提基于专家PID的控制方法提高了系统的响应速度,且能够有效地抑制外部扰动;该方法对于动作情况下的机械臂能够稳定地跟踪其轨迹,且具有很好的抗扰性和鲁棒性。     

Calculation of repeatable control strategies for kinematically redundant manipulators

A kinematically redundant manipulator is a robotic system that has more than the minimum number of degrees of freedom that are required for a specified task. Due to this additional freedom, control strategies may yield solutions which are not repeatable in the sense that the manipulator may not return to its initial joint configuration for closed end-effector paths. This paper compares two methods for choosing repeatable control strategies which minimize their distance from a nonrepeatable inverse with desirable properties. The first method minimizes the integral norm of the difference of the desired inverse and a repeatable inverse while the second method minimizes the distance of the null vectors associated with the desired and the repeatable inverses. It is then shown how the two techniques can be combined in order to obtain the advantages of both methods. As an illustrative example the pseudoinverse is approximated in a region of the joint space for a seven-degree-of-freedom manipulator.     

Three-dimensional shape recognition method using ultrasonics for manipulator control system

This article describes a three-dimensional shape recognition method that employs an ultrasonic distance sensor mounted on a manipulator, and its application to a manipulator control system. The principle of the method is to reconstruct an object surface numerically using both distance and orientation informations of an object. The method makes it possible to control the manipulator, to set the sensor in any position and orientation employing freedom of the manipulator, and to measure the object. The method is available for manipulator control because it can precisely assess the distance from the manipulator to the object, as well as reconstruct the object shape. Experimental results show that the newly developed method make object shape recognition easy and inexpensive. Application experiment proved that the method is effective for manipulator work due to its provision of distance information.     

基于Matlab机械臂力控系统仿真研究

以位置控制为主的机械臂控制方法已不能满足某些复杂环境（装配、抛光、去毛刺）的应用要求,控制机械臂与环境间的接触力已成为机器人学研究的一个热点。提出一种在Matlab/SimMechanics环境下平面二自由度机械臂力控制的仿真研究方法。在平面中模拟机械臂与环境的接触面,设计振荡抑制控制器,实现机械臂与环境间接触力的控制,以及机械臂与刚性环境碰撞接触过程中冲击振荡阶段的振荡抑制,生成机械臂期望的运动轨迹。仿真结果表明,该方法可实现特定作业下机械臂与环境间接触力的控制。     

机械臂自适应精确时间滑模控制

考虑机械臂中存在的未建模部分、摩擦力、外加干扰,提出一种自适应精确时间滑模控制方法,实现机械臂各关节角的轨迹跟踪.首先对机械臂进行建模,将未建模部分、摩擦力、外加扰动看作集中扰动;其次,设计一种精确时间收敛滑模面,克服传统终端滑模面收敛时间高估的问题,基于此设计全局精确时间收敛滑模控制方法,使得机械臂系统能够在设定时间实现稳定,并在误差收敛后仍具有较强的鲁棒性;接着,设计低通滤波器削减抖振,通过自适应方法估计扰动上界,避免增益的高估;最后,通过仿真实验验证所提出的控制方法能够严格控制机械臂系统的稳定时间,并降低稳态误差,实现机械臂系统的高精度轨迹跟踪控制.     

Impedance control of a direct-drive manipulator without using force sensors

This research is concerned with impedance control of a manipulator which carries out stable contact tasks. The method controls the dynamic interaction between a robot and its environment by changing the apparent mechanical impedance of the manipulator. Conventional impedance control methods required force or torque sensors, which made the manipulator system very complex. In this paper a new method is proposed for controlling the impedance of a manipulator without using force or torque sensors. The angular velocity and angular acceleration of the manipulator joints are estimated, and by using a computer model of the manipulator, the necessary torque for each joint is calculated and applied to the joint to attain the desired impedance. The feasibility of the method is verified by surface-following experiments and collision experiments using a two-degree-of-freedom direct-drive manipulator.     

Precise trajectory control of a redundant flexible manipulator on a space platform

In this paper, we propose a trajectory control method for a redundant flexible space manipulator with slewing and deployable links on a space platform. This method consists manipulator tip position feedback with a transposed Jacobian matrix and local vibration control. We newly derive the Jacobian matrix for a flexible manipulator considering link deformation with the assumed modes method. Simulation results show the effectiveness of this method. We use dynamics consisting of an order N algorithm for N bodies, based on the non-recursive Lagrangian approach, to simulate the dynamics of an orbiting manipulator with an arbitrary number of slewing and deployable flexible links.     

Online learning of virtual impedance parameters in non-contact impedance control using neural networks

Impedance control is one of the most effective methods for controlling the interaction between a manipulator and a task environment. In conventional impedance control methods, however, the manipulator cannot be controlled until the end-effector contacts task environments. A noncontact impedance control method has been proposed to resolve such a problem. This method on only can regulate the end-point impedance, but also the virtual impedance that works between the manipulator and the environment by using visual information. This paper proposes a learning method using neural networks to regulate the virtual impedance parameters according to a given task. The validity of the proposed method was verified through computer simulations and experiments with a multijoint robotic manipulator.     

并联机器人力控制算法实时并行处理

对并联机器人力控制算法基于并行结构的计算进行了研究，设计了并行处理双机系统结构。采用文中的处理方法大大提高了并联机器人力控制算法的处理速度，保证了实时力控制，进而改善并联机器人的控制质量与性能。