PP/elastomer/calcium carbonate composites: effect of elastomer and calcium carbonate contents on the deformation and impact behavior

The morphology and mechanical behavior of ternary polypropylene/ethylene-octene copolymer/calcium carbonate composites have been investigated as a function of elastomer and filler contents. A separate dispersion of phases was observed. Increasing concentration of EOC and CaCO₃ promotes a decrease of matrix ligament thickness between elastomer particles resulting in a huge increase of the toughness. The stiff filler used in this study provided the unusual additional benefit of substantially increasing in Young's and flexural modulus of the composites.     

电热作用对碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料吸湿行为的影响

采用复合材料电热实验机,对碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料(CF/EP)试样进行通电处理,同时测试其表面温度变化,并得出电阻率随温度的变化规律。对通电后的试样进行吸湿处理,获取扩散系数、饱和吸湿率与通电电流之间的关系,之后通过FTIR、弯曲性能测试以及弯曲断口的表面形貌分析研究了通电对试样吸湿行为的影响。结果表明:通电电流强度越大,CF/EP试样表面平衡温度越高,随着温度升高电阻率呈下降趋势;经4 A(ρ=66.8mA·mm~(-2))电流处理的试样,其扩散系数、饱和吸湿率均低于未处理试样,经5A(ρ=83.6mA·mm~(-2))、6A(ρ=100.2mA·mm~(-2))电流处理后,扩散系数及饱和吸湿率均高于未处理试样;小电流处理时,界面性能得到改善,提高弯曲强度,大电流处理对界面有一定损伤,降低弯曲强度,电热/湿作用下,CF/EP试样的弯曲强度下降,下降幅度与吸湿量呈正相关。     

Curing behavior and kinetic analysis of epoxy resin/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composites

The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), both amino-functionalized (f-MWNTs) and unfunctionalized (p-MWNTs) on the curing behavior of epoxy resin (EP) cured with triethanolamine (TEA), was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Because the triethylenetetramine (TETA) grafted on the f-MWNTs could act as curing agent and the produced tertiary amine as negative ionic catalysts of curing reaction of EP, so the activation energy of the EP/TEA system was decreased by the addition of f-MWNTs. Viscosity played a key role in the curing behavior of the EP/TEA/MWNTs system, for high viscosity of the EP/TEA/MWNTs system could hinder the motion of the functional groups. The curing heat in EP/TEA/f-MWNTs (weight ratio 1/0.1/0.01) system was higher than the neat EP/TEA (weight ratio 1/0.1) system, while the curing heat in EP/TEA/p-MWNTs (weight ratio 1/0.1/0.01) was lower than the neat system. When the content of f-MWNTs was increased to 2 phr (weight ratio of 1/0.1/0.02), the curing heat became lower than that of the neat EP/TEA system, which was the result of the higher viscosity of the EP/f-MWNTs/TEA system. Since the curing heat indicated the curing degree of the system generally, the addition of the f-MWNTs was thought to increase the curing degree of the epoxy matrix at a relatively low content.     

Hybrid organic/inorganic composites based on silica and weak synthetic polyelectrolytes

The preparation and characterization of new organic/inorganic composites by the consecutive adsorption of weak polyelectrolytes on silica particles were studied in the article. Two polycations containing primary amine groups in the side chains, poly(vinylamine) or poly[N(β-aminoethylene) acrylamide], and poly(acrylic acid) as polyanion were used for the hybrid materials construction. The stability of the organic/inorganic composites has been increased by a heat-induced reaction at 150 °C. The organic/silica hybrids properties were monitored by potentiometric titration, laser light scattering, infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption of methylene blue by the composite materials has been tested. The dye adsorption capacity was strongly influenced by the dye concentration, the nature of the last adsorbed layer, the polyions concentration, and the composite thermal treatment.     

Dielectric behavior of CCTO/epoxy and Al-CCTO/epoxy composites

A composite of epoxy embedded with a giant dielectric constant material CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO) was fabricated. Various theoretical models were employed to rationalize the dielectric behavior of these biphasic composites. Amongst different models that were employed to predict the dielectric properties of the composites, the effective dielectric constants (ε_eff), obtained via Yamada model were in close agreement with the experimental values. A metallic inclusion in CCTO/epoxy composite was found to be effective way to enhance its dielectric constant. A three phase percolative composite (Al-CCTO/epoxy) was fabricated and percolation theory was employed to describe its dielectric behavior.     

预浸料的超薄化对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料拉伸破坏行为的影响

采用自主研发的碳纤维（CF）宽展设备,将12K CF宽展预浸制备成0.02 mm和0.10 mm厚的CF/环氧树脂（EP）预浸料,利用模压工艺制成1 mm厚的单向层合板。利用万能试验机、声发射装置和高速照相机组成的集成系统测试其抗拉强度、加载过程中试样内部的损伤情况及断裂破坏时样品宏观形貌的变化。用SEM观测其拉伸断口形貌。分别用超景深显微镜、金相显微镜观测记录CF/EP复合材料预浸料和单向层合板中CF的排布状态以表征薄层化过程中CF和EP的分布状态对CF/EP复合材料拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:薄CF/EP复合材料预浸料中CF的排布更加均匀,制成的CF/EP复合材料单向层合板试样中层间树脂富集区的尺度明显小于厚CF/EP复合材料预浸料制成的试样,试样的抗拉强度提高了15%;薄CF/EP复合材料预浸料制成层合板试样的拉伸宏观断口形貌中分层劈裂现象减少,集束性增强,微观断口形貌中未发现横贯横截面的穿透裂纹。      

多分散POSS/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能研究

以工业级的3-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷为原料,通过硅烷水解法合成出低成本的多分散环氧基低聚倍半硅氧烷(Polydisperse POSS-EP);将此POSS添加到环氧树脂(E-54)体系中,制备得到多分散POSS/环氧树脂复合材料。采用傅立叶红外(FT-IR)、核磁共振(NMR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、X-射线衍射(XRD)等手段对POSS-EP的结构进行了表征。利用热失重分析(TGA)、差示扫描量热(DSC)技术及电子万能试验机对复合材料的性能进行了研究,结果表明多分散POSS的引入能显著地提高环氧树脂复合材料的热学稳定性和力学性能。     

Study on thermal and mechanical properties of nano-calcium carbonate/epoxy composites

A study on evaluating the effect of nano-CaCO₃ particles on thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resin cast was performed by TGA and mechanical tests. A silane coupling agent KH550 as an interfacial modifier was introduced into nanocomposites through preparing KH550/nano-CaCO₃ master batch. It is revealed that epoxy resin cast filled with nano-CaCO₃ particles represents higher thermal stability and mechanical strength. The improvement of thermal and mechanical properties is attributed to the surface modification of nano-particles, which can enhance the interfacial properties between nano-CaCO₃ fillers and epoxy resin. The mechanical properties of nano-CaCO₃/epoxy/carbon fibres composites based on the modified epoxy matrix are also enhanced.     

纳米CaCO3在环氧树脂中的分散及其复合涂料的制备

采用正交试验法研究了纳米CaCO3在环氧树脂中的分散工艺,制备了纳米CaCO3复合环氧树脂浆液。探讨了分散剂种类,环氧树脂、纳米CaCO3和分散剂的用量等因素对纳米CaCO3在环氧树脂中分散性的影响,并优化出最佳分散工艺条件:环氧树脂25g、纳米CaCO345g和分散剂BYK110为3g。考察了纳米CaCO3复合环氧浆液的贮存稳定性,结果表明,优化条件下制得的纳米CaCO3浆的稳定性好,3周内外观、粘度和细度均无变化。并用该浆液制成的纳米复合涂料,与传统涂料相比其耐水性、耐盐雾性和贮存稳定性等显著改善。     

纤维素纳米晶/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能研究

以过硫酸铵氧化微晶纤维素得到纤维素纳米晶(CNC),与二乙烯三胺在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DFM)中发生缩合接枝反应,制备胺化纤维素纳米晶(ACNC)。采用溶液共混法,分别将CNC和ACNC与环氧树脂复合得到纤维素纳米晶/环氧树脂复合膜,纤维素纳米晶不仅起到增强剂的作用,还起到固化交联剂的作用,进而改善环氧树脂的性能。利用万能力学试验机、动态热机械性能、环境扫描电子显微镜、热重分析等对复合材料的性能加以表征分析。结果证明,当CNC和ACNC的添加量均为0.1%时,环氧树脂复合膜的机械强度最大;纤维素纳米晶的加入不仅能够提高环氧树脂的力学性能,还能显著改善其柔韧性,ACNC对环氧树脂复合膜的增强作用高于CNC,CNC的增韧作用强于ACNC。     

碳纳米管/环氧复合材料制备与性能研究

研究了碳纳米管管径、种类、含量以及偶联-三辊研磨-超声处理等工艺条件对碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料拉伸强度和电性能的影响。研究结果表明:三辊研磨-超声联用是均匀分散碳纳米管简单而有效的方法。较低的碳纳米管添加量(0.8%～4%)能大幅度提高环氧树脂的剪切强度和导电性能,添加量为3%时,复合材料的综合性能最优,即剪切强度提高了55.19%,表面/体积电阻率下降了8～10个数量级。     

Torsion fatigue behavior of unidirectional carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composites

This paper presents results of the feasibility of carbon/epoxy composites (CFRP) as a future helicopter flexbeam material. Torsional behaviors of unidirectional CFRP and glass/epoxy composites (GFRP) with the same resin matrix were investigated. The initial torsional rigidity of CFRP was almost identical to that of GFRP. The torsional rigidities calculated using finite element analyses (FEA) agreed with the experimental results: the torsional rigidities are governed mainly by the material’s shear stiffness. Torsion fatigue tests were also conducted by controlling the angle of twist of the sinusoidal wave under a constant tensile axial load. No catastrophic failure occurred with either GFRP or CFRP, although decreased amplitudes of torque and torsional rigidities were observed according to the number of cycles. Results of X-ray CT inspections and numerical calculation by FEA revealed that degradation of a torsional rigidity is caused mainly by splitting crack propagation along the fiber direction. The torsion fatigue life of CFRP was superior to that of GFRP. Consequently, results confirmed that CFRP exhibits excellent properties as a torsional element of a helicopter flexbeam in terms of torsional rigidity and tension–torsion fatigue behaviors.     

聚硅氧烷/聚己内酯/环氧树脂复合体系的制备及表面性能

通过—OH和—NCO的亲核加成反应,直接合成出端硅氧烷基聚己内酯/聚硅氧烷混合物(PCL-TE-Si/PDMS-TESi),再与环氧树脂(EP)共混制得聚硅氧烷/聚己内酯/环氧树脂复合体系。利用扫描电镜、X光电子能谱对复合体系进行了两相相容性分析和表面元素分析,通过测试复合体系的表面接触角,利用Owens-Wendt-Kaelble模型推算出复合体系的表面张力,并研究了体系的耐水性。结果表明：复合体系在固化过程中,Si元素在一定程度上向表面迁移富集;50℃固化体系的两相相容性好于室温固化体系;室温固化体系的表面张力随PCL-TESi/PDMS-TESi含量的增加逐渐下降,且低于50℃ 固化体系的表面张力;复合体系耐水性优异,当PCL-TESi/PDMS-TESi 与EP质量比为5∶5时,常温固化体系在50℃蒸馏水中浸泡7天后质量变化率小于1%。     

基于微波固化工艺的碳纤维T800/环氧树脂复合材料固化反应动力学

针对微波固化工艺下的碳纤维（T800）/环氧树脂复合材料的固化反应行为,运用非等温差示扫描量热（DSC）法,研究了T800/环氧树脂复合材料的固化反应放热过程。基于Kamal动力学模型,采用粒子群全局优化算法,拟合得到了纯微波固化工艺及高压微波固化工艺的T800/环氧树脂复合材料固化反应动力学方程,通过实验验证,该方程能够很好地描述T800/环氧树脂复合材料微波固化反应动力学行为。并系统对比研究了不同固化工艺方法对T800/环氧树脂复合材料固化反应动力学的影响。结果表明：相比传统热固化工艺,微波固化工艺能够有效提高T800/环氧树脂复合材料的固化反应速率并降低其固化反应的活化能,同时固化压力的引入对T800/环氧树脂复合材料的固化反应有一定的促进作用。     

酚化酶解木质素-环氧树脂/环氧树脂复合材料的合成及性能

以酶解木质素(EHL)为原料,采用苯酚-硫酸法对其进行酚化改性,所得酚化木质素(PL)在碱性条件下,与环氧氯丙烷(ECH)合成木质素-环氧树脂(L-EP),利用FT-IR对产物进行表征。探讨单因素反应条件对酚化工艺的影响。结果表明:反应时间3.0h、反应温度95℃、2mol/L H_2SO_4用量为4mL/g时,木质素的酚化效果最佳,其酚羟基含量达到4.632mmol/g,较EHL提高42%。研究了不同L-EP添加量对L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料力学性能和热性能的影响。结果显示:L-EP的添加量为5%时,L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料的拉伸强度最好,较纯E-51提高26%;随着L-EP添加量的增加,L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料的热稳定性增强。采用非等温法分析环氧E-51和L-EP/环氧E-51复合材料的固化动力学,结果证明:L-EP对复合材料固化有一定的促进作用。     

功能化MWCNTs网格/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能

采用正压过滤法制备了多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）网格（巴基纸）,并采用真空辅助RTM工艺制备了MWCNTs网格/环氧树脂复合材料。通过SEM、FTIR、拉伸测试等对MWCNTs网格的微观形貌和性能进行了表征,并研究了MWCNTs网格/环氧复合材料的拉伸性。结果表明,所制备的功能化MWCNTs网格比较均匀,拉伸强度在22~32 MPa之间,拉伸模量约为1 GPa,相比未功能化处理的MWCNTs网格,强度最大提高了约167%。功能化MWCNTs网格/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量可达到152 MPa和6.48 GPa,相比空白环氧树脂提高了约1倍以上,拉伸试样断面SEM表明,环氧树脂对功能化MWCNTs网格的浸润效果良好,界面结合紧密,有效地提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

Modeling and mechanical performance of carbon nanotube/epoxy resin composites

The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) addition on mechanical properties of epoxy resin was investigated to obtain the tensile strength, compressive strength and Young’s modulus from load versus displacement graphs. The result shows that the tensile strength, compressive strength and Young’s modulus of epoxy resin were increased with the addition of MWCNT fillers. The significant improvements in tensile strength, compressive strength and Young’s modulus were obtained due to the excellent dispersion of MWCNT fillers in the epoxy resin. The dispersion of MWCNT fillers in epoxy resin was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis.Also, Halpin–Tsai model was modified by considering the average diameter of internal/external of multi-walled nanotube and orientation factor (α) to calculate the Young’s modulus of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/epoxy resin composite. There was a good correlation between the experimentally obtained Young’s modulus and modified Halpin–Tsai model.     

液晶聚氨酯/环氧树脂复合材料的合成及应用

以对苯二酚二对苯甲酸酯(HQB)、N,N'-二(ω-羟乙基)苯均四甲酰二亚胺(BHDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为单体, 利用溶液缩聚方法, 合成了一种含有亚氨基的新型液晶聚氨酯(HBLCP), 并将该液晶聚氨酯与环氧树脂(E-51)共混制备液晶聚氨酯/环氧树脂复合材料(HBLCP/E-51)。采用FTIR、DSC、POM和WAXD等方法对HBLCP的结构和液晶相转变行为进行了表征, 并利用SEM观察复合材料断裂形貌, 探讨其增韧机制。结果表明, 加入质量分数为3%的HBLCP, 可使HBLCP/E-51复合材料的冲击强度提高2.3倍, 拉伸强度和弯曲强度也有不同程度的提高, 呈现出典型的韧性断裂, 热分解温度提高12~20 ℃, 出现最大分解速率时的温度提高12~15 ℃。      

Synergistic effect of organic and inorganic nano fillers on the dielectric and mechanical properties of epoxy composites

Titanium oxide TiO₂/epoxy and TiO₂ with detonation nano-diamond (DND)/epoxy nanocomposites were prepared by using ultrasonication method. TiO₂ and DND particles as reinforcement species and epoxy as matrix were used to produce nanocomposites. The addition of DND particles into TiO₂/epoxy composite improved the dielectric and mechanical properties of nanocomposites in significant amount. The dielectric properties of TiO₂-DND/epoxy nanocomposite demonstrated increase in permittivity and conductivity after addition of the DND particles. The maximum and minimum reflection losses of TiO₂-DND/epoxy nanocomposite for 0.6 and 0.2 wt% DND loading were detected at ?14.5 and ?1.3 dB, respectively. The flexural and tensile strength of TiO₂-DND/epoxy nanocomposites with the addition of 0.4 wt% DNDs were enhanced to 220% and 223%, respectively. Additionally, the energy to break and percent break strain were 3.9 J and 3.86, respectively for 0.4 wt% DND loading in TiO₂-DND/epoxy nanocomposite. Therefore, the present work findings claim that DND particles are well suitable to enrich the dispersion of TiO₂ nanoparticles in epoxy matrix, which develops a strong load transfer interface between the nanoparticles and epoxy matrix and consequently leads to superior properties.     

Cylindrical conformal single-patch microstrip antennas based on three dimensional woven glass fiber/epoxy resin composites

Three dimensional integrated microstrip antenna (3DIMA) can carry the designed load while functioning as an antenna. In this study, the cylindrical conformal single-patch 3DIMAs with various curvatures were designed, simulated, fabricated and tested experimentally using a 3D orthogonal woven glass preform/epoxy resin composite system. The electromagnetic performances of the cylindrical microstrip antennas were analyzed. The simulated and tested results matched well and the return losses of the cylindrical conformal 3DIMAs with radii of curvatures of 60, 45 and 25 mm were less than −10 dB while resonant frequencies and their gain values were significantly influenced by the radius of curvature and the feeding direction. The 3DIMAs with the curvature perpendicular to the feeding directions showed more stable resonant frequencies and larger gain values than those of 3DIMAs with the curvature along their feeding directions.