粉末冶金法制备SiC_p/2024Al泡沫复合材料的表征(英文)

为了丰富泡沫材料制备工艺、推动其快速发展与广泛应用,以CaCO3为发泡剂采用粉末冶金法制备SiCp/2024Al泡沫复合材料。采用SEM和Magiscan-2A图像分析仪研究了CaCO3发泡剂和SiC颗粒的含量对发泡行为的影响,并且通过Gleeble 1500热模拟机分析了SiC颗粒的含量对压缩性能的影响。结果表明:随着发泡剂的增多,孔隙率和孔径先增加后减小。随着增强体含量的增加,孔隙率和孔径都减小。压缩曲线揭示加入增强体可以改善压缩屈服强度和吸能能力。SiCp/2024Al泡沫复合材料显示为脆性泡沫材料。     

骨架结构对SiC/Al双连续相复合材料的影响

用挤压铸造法制备了不同结构的SiC泡沫增强ZL109双连续相复合材料,研究了增强体骨架结构(筋的结构、泡沫孔和体积分数)对复合材料压缩性能和弯曲性能的影响。结果表明:SiC泡沫增强体的筋的结构影响了界面的结合,影响了材料的压缩性能;当筋具有三明治结构时,复合材料的强度最大;当筋具有双层结构时,复合材料的强度最低;随着SiC泡沫孔径的增大,复合材料的压缩强度、弹性模量和屈服强度都有所提高,材料的屈服应变减小,弯曲强度先升高后降低,弯曲强度在泡沫孔径为1.5 mm时达到最大值;复合材料的压缩强度随着增强体体积分数的增大而提高,屈服应变随着体积分数的增大而减小。     

Effects of heat treatment on dynamic compressive properties and energy absorption characteristics of open-cell aluminum alloy foams

1 Introduction In the past few years, there has been a considerable increase in using metal foams for lightmass structural components and energy absorption parts for their wide plateau in the compressive stress-strain curve[1-3]. It has been shown that, e…     

浸渍法制备泡沫铝的显微组织和力学性能(英文)

利用聚合物泡沫采用压力浸渗铸造工艺制备开孔泡沫铝。所制备的泡沫铝能够很好地复制聚合物泡沫的几何尺寸。开孔泡沫铝的强度比闭孔泡沫铝的低很多,从而得到更多的应用。添加陶瓷颗粒可以改善泡沫铝的力学性能。本研究中,向 AC3A 铝合金中添加 SiC 颗粒得到复合材料泡沫。在复合材料泡沫中,SiC 颗粒嵌入在合金基体中及孔筋表面。高体积分数的陶瓷颗粒使合金泡沫铝的压缩强度、能量吸收、显微硬度增大。这些性能的改善归结为于泡沫铝的结构改变以及 SiC 颗粒存在于结点和孔筋处而引起的强度增加。     

Preparation and characterization of SiCp/2024Al composite foams by powder metallurgy

SiC_p/2024Al composite foams were manufactured by powder metallurgical methods using foaming agent CaCO₃ in order to enrich the foam fabrication process and promote its development and extensive application. The effects of CaCO₃ and SiC volume fractions on the foaming behaviours were investigated by means of SEM and Magiscan-2A image analysis technique. The influence of SiC content on the compressive behaviour was analyzed using Gleeble 1500 thermal simulation testing machine. The experimental results show that with increasing the foaming agent, the porosity and pore dimension increase first and decrease later. With increasing the reinforcement content, the porosity and pore dimension decrease. The compressive curves reveal that the introduction of SiC particles can improve compressive yield strength and energy absorption capacity. Meanwhile, it is found that SiC_p/2024Al composite foams are the brittle foam materials.     

泡沫铝填充双层金属点阵结构增强效应及吸能特性

通过激光焊接获得3种不同几何构型的双层金属点阵结构,再将闭孔泡沫铝切割后填充到其孔隙当中获得一种新型泡沫铝填充双层金属点阵结构。采用实验和有限元模拟的方法研究其准静态面外压缩载荷作用下的承载能力、吸能特性及机理、变形破坏模式等。结果表明,泡沫铝的填充能够有效改变空心点阵结构的后屈曲行为,提高点阵芯体单元的屈曲稳定性,具有明显的耦合增强效应,表现在承载及能量吸收效率的大幅提升,可达到对应空心结构的10倍以上。     

Compressive properties of open-cell ceramic foams

The compressive experiments of two kinds of ceramic foams were completed. The results show that the behavior of ceramic foams made by organic filling method is anisotropic. The stress-strain responses of ceramic foams made by sponge-replication show isotropy and strain rate dependence. The struts brittle breaking of net structure of this ceramic foam arises at the weakest defects of framework or at the part of framework, which causes the initiation and expanding of cracks. The compressive strength of ceramic foam is dependent on the strut size and relative density of foams.     

泡沫镁宏微观结构表征及压缩性能研究

针对熔体发泡法制备泡沫镁存在的困难,使用包覆发泡剂及改进工艺成功制得泡孔均匀的泡沫镁试样。利用OM、SEM、EDS及XRD等分析手段对试样进行宏微观结构表征,结果表明：泡沫镁试样宏观孔以典型的闭孔结构为主,但也存在一些连通孔及少量大孔,它们多是宏观裂纹的产生及扩展位置。泡孔内壁存在一些褶皱缺陷,且弥散分布着许多反应产生的MgO和CaO颗粒,压缩变形过程中,这些部位易产生应力集中,促进微裂纹的形成与扩展。孔壁上主要分布着碳化硅颗粒及生成的Mg2Ca相。测试分析了孔隙率和孔径对泡沫镁压缩力学性能和能量吸收性能的影响,并深入研究其压缩破坏机理,研究发现：随着孔隙率的降低,泡沫镁弹性变形增大,屈服强度升高;随着孔径的增大,泡沫镁屈服强度及平台应力明显减小,表现出显著的孔径效应。随着孔隙率的升高或孔径的增大,泡沫镁的能量吸收性能显著降低。泡沫镁的破坏为解理脆性断裂,这与孔壁组织及镁基体性质有很大的关系。     

添加造孔剂法制备开孔泡沫铝及其性能研究

以球形尿素颗粒为造孔剂,采用传统的粉末冶金工艺制备开孔泡沫铝并研究了其性能.结果表明,添加造孔剂法制备的泡沫铝可以任意控制孔隙率及孔径的大小,且孔结构良好,保持了造孔剂的形状;高的烧结温度使泡沫铝的压缩强度提高,但过高的温度将导致孔壁熔化.本试验制成的泡沫铝其压缩曲线和泡沫金属典型压缩曲线相似,且抗压强度和经典理论计算结果一致.     

胞状AlCu5Mn合金泡沫的压缩性能和能量吸收特性

用熔体发泡法制备孔隙率为51.5%～90.5%、孔结构均匀的胞状铝合金(AlCu5Mn),研究其孔结构、压缩性能、能量吸收能力、能量吸收效率和吸能性能.结果表明:胞状铝合金孔结构由高孔隙率(88.8%)时的大孔径、多边形孔向低孔隙率(62.5%)时的小孔径、球形孔孔结构过渡,其压缩应力(σ)-应变(ε)曲线具有线性变形阶段、屈服平台阶段和致密化阶段三个部分,由线性变形阶段进入屈服平台阶段所对应的ε_s值介于2%～9%之间;屈服强度σ_s~*随着孔隙率的增大而下降,在孔隙率相同的条件下,胞状铝合金的力学性能优于胞状铝和多孔铝合金,其比刚度高于钢;当应变为定值时,胞状铝合金单位体积和单位质量的压缩吸能能力(C和C_m)都随着孔隙率的升高而降低,但是孔隙率在73.5%～82.1%范围内时,其C_m与ε的关系几乎不随孔隙率的改变而改变;对于孔隙率为51.5%～90.5%的胞状铝合金,它们的吸能效率的峰值都大于80%.胞状铝合金的C-σ和C_m-σ关系可以表征其吸能性能,从而可以根据实际工况选择作为减振吸能材料的胞状铝合金的最佳孔结构.     

Fabrication method for stainless steel foam block in directed energy deposition

Using powder-based directed energy deposition (DED), composite materials can easily be produced by mixing powders. In this study, a foam stainless block is fabricated through DED by combining SUS316L and titanium-hydride (TiH₂) powders together. Although TiH₂ successfully foams the melt pool and leaves many pores inside the deposit, it is difficult to enhance the porosity rate because the porous structure is destroyed when the upper layer is deposited. This study demonstrates a laser power control and deposition trajectory that can be used to create a low-density porous structure and measures the compression strength of the fabricated block.     

Effects of cell size on compressive properties of aluminum foam

1 Introduction Metal foams are a relatively new class of structural materials and offer a variety of applications in fields such as lightmass construction or crash energy management. In view of potential applications, the mechanical properties of foamed m…     

激光增材制造Ti6Al4V点阵结构的抗压吸能特性

人体骨骼受到碰撞后的断裂过程伴随着能量吸收,多孔骨植入体的设计需考虑结构的抗压吸能特性。在空间尺寸（20 mm×20 mm×30 mm）内,通过拓扑优化设计和激光增材制造技术制备不同胞元尺寸和相对密度的Ti6Al4V点阵结构,采用熔池监控、单向压缩实验和有限元仿真方法,探究了点阵结构的表面质量、断裂形变规律和吸能特性。结果表明,点阵结构的结构参数受熔池温度场和粉末支持力的影响;点阵结构的抗压行为遵循弹脆性变化规律,断裂带与制造方向呈45°;点阵结构的断裂机制为韧性断裂,裂纹沿内部微孔洞分布方向扩展;能量吸收能力随着相对密度增大呈递增趋势,随着胞元尺寸增大呈递减趋势;能量吸收效率随着相对密度增大呈递减趋势,随着胞元尺寸增大呈递增趋势。     

高温固相扩散处理对开孔泡沫Fe-Ni力学性能的影响

采用高温固相扩散处理对开孔泡沫Fe-Ni进行合金化,研究了不同处理温度,不同保温时间对泡沫Fe-Ni压缩性能及能量吸收特性的影响。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对合金化后的泡沫Fe-Ni进行形貌观察,并利用线扫描分析合金化前后两种元素的扩散情况;对合金化前后的泡沫Fe-Ni进行了纳米压痕试验和准静态压缩试验,研究了泡沫Fe-Ni网丝硬度、准静态压缩力学行为及其吸能性。结果表明:经高温固相扩散处理后,泡沫Fe和Ni镀层界面上发生了Fe-Ni的互扩散,形成(Fe,Ni)无限固溶体结构;随着温度升高,保温时间增长,Fe、Ni元素分布更趋于均匀化,泡沫Fe-Ni网丝平均纳米硬度值更高。1200℃高温固相扩散2h后泡沫Fe-Ni平台区应力值增加,平台区长度增加。泡沫Fe-Ni吸能能力整体趋势随应变的增加而线性增大。其中,1200℃高温固相扩散保温2h,泡沫Fe-Ni能量吸收值比合金化前提高了31.9%。     

Compressive characteristics of closed-cell aluminum foams with different percentages of Er element

In the present study, closed-cell aluminum foams with different percentages of erbium(Er) element were successfully prepared. The distribution and existence form of erbium(Er) element and its effect on the compressive properties of the foams were investigated. Results show that Er uniformly distributes in the cell walls in the forms of Al3 Er intermetallic compound and Al-Er solid solutions. Compared with commercially pure aluminum foam, Er-containing foams possess higher micro-hardness, compressive strength and energy absorption capacity due to solid solution strengthening and second phase strengthening effects. Additionally, the amount of Er element should be controlled in the range of 0.10 wt.%-0.50 wt.% in order to obtain a good combination of compressive strength and energy absorption properties.     

Manufacturing,compressive behaviour and elastic modulus of Ti matrix syntactic foam fabricated by powder metallurgy

Ti matrix syntactic foam has potential in the orthopaedic application because of its good biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and varied elastic modulus. Ti matrix syntactic foams embedded with thick-wall ceramic microspheres (CMs) were prepared using a powder metallurgy method. The structure, compressive behaviour and elastic modulus of Ti matrix syntactic foam embedded with thick-wall CMs were analyzed and compared with those embedded with thin-wall CMs. Results show that the compressive strength of Ti matrix syntactic foam increases with the increase of the volume fraction of CMs clearly. However, the strength increase would not increase the elastic moduli obviously which are still similar with those of human bone.     

粉末冶金工艺制备的钛基复合泡沫材料的压缩性能和弹性模量(英文)

钛基复合泡沫材料由于其优异的生物相容性、抗腐蚀性以及可改的弹性模量,具有极大的生物医用潜力。采用粉末冶金工艺制备嵌入厚壁陶瓷微珠的钛基复合泡沫材料。分析和测试这种钛基复合泡沫材料的微观结构、压缩性能以及弹性模量。结果表明:厚壁陶瓷微珠能够显著提高材料的抗压强度;提高厚壁陶瓷微珠的体积分数,能够使材料的抗压强度获得极大的提高,同时,这种强度的提高并没有引起弹性模量的显著提高。该材料的弹性模量仍然与人体骨骼相近。     

Novel strengthening method of closed-cell aluminum foams through surface treatment by resin

Aluminum foams are focused on as a lightweight structural material because of their excellent energy absorbing capacity. However, compressive strength of aluminum foams is much lower than that of dense aluminum. This is due to local buckling of the inhomogeneous cell structure. The authors carried out infiltration of open surface pores with polyester resin because buckling starts at the open surface pores. Compressive tests using commercial aluminum foams show significant increases in compressive strength and absorbed energy. Since the density of resin is not high, the specific compressive strength and specific absorbed energy are also increased.     

3D打印轻质高强钨材的力学性能研究

采用选择性激光熔化（SLM）3D打印方式成功设计和制造了具有点阵结构的钨材，结合有限元分析、扫描电镜、准静态单轴压缩试验探究了不同点阵结构下钨材力学性能的变化规律，分析了微观组织对力学性能的影响。结果表明圆弧型点阵结构可有效降低节点处的应力集中，保持点阵结构轻质、低孔隙率特性同时还维持着钨材的高强度力学性能，平均抗压强度达到535MPa，平均质量仅为1.25g，激光打印后圆弧点阵较立方点阵平均抗压强度提升93%，其中体心圆弧点阵（BCA）显示出更优抗压性能，极限抗压强度达到721MPa，结构致密度为理论值12.8%；力学性能指标接近于变形态。与立方点阵相比，圆弧点阵具有良好的能力吸收特性，后者相较前者总能量吸收值提升223%，圆弧点阵平均能量吸收达到1664J/cm3。此外，SEM图像显示圆弧点阵因其弧形特性，减少了打印中斜支柱的悬挂距离，成型效果优于立方点阵。     

Mechanical behaviors and energy absorption properties of Y/Cr and Ce/Cr coated open-cell nickel-based alloy foams

In this study,Y-and Ce-modified Cr coatings applied by pack cementation method were prepared on the surface of open-cell nickel-based alloy foam.The morphologies and microstructures of Y-and Ce-modified Cr coatings with various Y and Ce contents were investigated in detail.Then,the effects of Y and Ce addition on the mechanical properties of open-cell nickel-based alloy foams were analyzed and compared.Simultaneously,the energy absorption capacity and energy absorption efficiency of the Y-and Ce-modified Cr coated alloy foams were discussed and compared at the room and high temperatures.The results show that Cr coatings containing minor amounts of rare earth element(Y and Ce) are well adhered to the nickel-based foam struts.Especially,the microstructure of the 2 wt% Ce-modified Cr coating is denser and uniform.In addition,the compressive strength and plateau stress of Y-and Ce-modified Cr coated alloy foams firstly increase and then decrease by increasing the Y and Ce contents at room and high temperatures.The energy absorption capacity of Y/Cr and Ce/Cr coated alloy foams increases linearly with the strains increasing.The Ce/Cr coated alloy foams can absorb more energy than Y/Cr coated alloy foams in the plateau and densification regions at room temperature.Compared to those at room temperature,the Y-and Ce-modified Cr coated alloy foams show higher energy absorption efficiency when deformation within 10%-30% at high temperature.