红外烘烤对水代法制取芝麻香油品质的影响

以白芝麻为原料,研究红外烘烤条件对水代芝麻香油品质的影响。结果表明：随着红外烘烤温度的升高及烘烤时间的延长,芝麻香油的色泽加深、诱导时间延长、过氧化值增大,而对酸价的影响不显著。     

HACCP体系在夹心海苔生产中的应用

目的 基于夹心海苔生产工艺,结合Z企业生产实际,在夹心海苔生产领域构建危害分析与关键控制点（hazard analysis and critical control point,HACCP）体系,提高夹心海苔生产安全性和产品质量。方法 通过对Z企业夹心海苔生产过程中车间空气、工作人员手部、工作服、设备、工器具、生产物料及内包装材料的卫生情况进行调查,开展危害分析,确定关键控制点并制定和验证HACCP计划。结果 对夹心海苔生产的各道工序进行危害分析,确定原辅材料验收、烘烤、计量包装3个关键控制点,制定并验证了HACCP计划,验证结果表明,成品菌落总数合格率由92%提高至100%,HACCP体系应用效果显著。结论 在夹心海苔生产领域构建HACCP体系能够减少和预防产品不合格率,为夹心海苔终产品提供质量安全保障,降低食品安全风险。     

预处理技术对压榨山茶油品质及挥发性风味成分的影响

为了对油茶籽高值化预处理技术的发展和高附加值山茶油产品的开发提供参考,以油茶籽为实验材料,未经任何预处理的油茶籽作为对照组,直接进行压榨制油,研究微波(800 W,4 min)、烘烤(140℃,30 min)、焙炒(120℃,1 h)和红外(150℃,55 min)预处理技术对油茶籽出油率,压榨山茶油酸值、过氧化值、脂肪酸组成及含量、总甾醇含量及挥发性风味成分的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比,微波、烘烤、焙炒和红外预处理使油茶籽的出油率分别提高了5.92、3.52、2.93、3.86百分点;不同预处理组山茶油的酸值(KOH)在0.20～2.00 mg/g之间,过氧化值在0.98～2.07 mmol/kg之间,均在山茶油国家标准范围内;4种预处理技术对山茶油的脂肪酸组成无显著影响;4种预处理技术在一定程度上降低了山茶油中总甾醇含量,但与对照组相比差异微小;5组山茶油中共检测出34种挥发性风味成分,其中醛类化合物含量均最高;5组山茶油挥发性成分的种类和含量差别较大,预处理技术可丰富山茶油特征风味物质种类,使山茶油整体风味由清淡的油脂香转变为浓烈的油脂香和坚果香。综上,4种预处理技术在不影响压...     

热处理方式对低温压榨花生饼风味的影响

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术对微波烘烤和烘箱烘烤处理的6个低温压榨花生饼样品风味进行分析,并对鉴定的挥发性风味成分进行主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(CA),以便对各样品的风味相似性进行明确评价。结果表明:从6个样品中共鉴定出91种挥发性风味物质,包括醛类(10种)、酮类(4种)、醇类(6种)、烃类(4种)、酚类(5种)、吡嗪类(25种)、呋喃类(9种)、吡咯类(7种)、吡啶类(7种)及其他(14种);烘箱烘烤处理的低温压榨花生饼中醛类、醇类物质的相对含量较高,而微波烘烤处理更有利于吡嗪类、吡咯类、吡啶类、呋喃类等含氮氧杂环化合物的形成;采用PCA和CA可以区分不同加热处理的低温压榨花生饼风味,其中烘箱160℃烘烤15 min、烘箱170℃烘烤15 min和540 W微波2 min样品的风味轮廓相似度较高,540 W微波3 min、烘箱180℃烘烤15 min和540 W微波4 min样品风味较相似,此外PCA与CA结果一致,可相互验证。     

响应面法优化青椒微波-真空冷冻联合干燥工艺及品质分析

该研究采用微波-真空冷冻联合干燥方式对青椒进行干制,研究微波功率、中间转换点含水率及真空冷冻干燥时间对青椒干燥产品维生素C含量、感官评分、复水比及a*的影响。通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化微波-真空冷冻联合干燥工艺,并对青椒联合干燥产品的营养成分、风味进行了比较分析。最后研究了微波-真空冷冻联合干燥、微波干燥、真空冷冻干燥对青椒干燥品质的影响。结果表明,联合干燥的最佳工艺条件为微波功率381.17 W,中间转换点含水率61.81%,真空冷冻干燥时间12.04 h。3种青椒联合干燥产品在营养成分和风味上分别具有一定差异性。微波-真空冷冻联合干燥和真空冷冻干燥的青椒产品在质构、青椒组织微观结构、部分理化指标方面均优于微波干燥的青椒产品。     

夹心海苔副产物高值化制备冲调粉

该研究以夹心海苔碎料副产物粉为主料,藕粉、大米粉、燕麦粉、炒米粉为辅料,开发夹心海苔副产物冲调粉产品。结果表明,夹心海苔副产物冲调粉的最优配方为夹心海苔副产物粉52.5 g、藕粉添加量20 g、大米粉添加量10 g、燕麦粉添加量10 g、炒米粉添加量7.5 g。该冲调粉的适宜冲调参数为冲调水温100 ℃、料液比1∶10（g/mL）（冲调粉/水）。利用最优配方制备的冲调粉感官品质高,色泽均匀,冲调后清香味纯正、甜淡适中、口感细腻、流动性好。与市售黄豆冲调粉和黑豆冲调粉相比,该冲调粉在水中的分散性更优,冲调后的稳定性更高,冲调后能够耐受更高的离心力作用而不分层、沉淀。     

基于主成分分析法的熟化马铃薯品质评价

以‘紫花白’马铃薯为原料,研究汽蒸、水煮、微波、烘烤、Air-frying（无油）、Air-frying（加油）、油炸7 种熟化方式对其基本营养成分和核苷酸类鲜味物质、质构、色泽及感官品质的影响,并对其品质指标进行主成分分析。结果表明：汽蒸和微波可最大程度地降低马铃薯基本营养成分的损失;微波显著提升了马铃薯核苷酸类鲜味物质含量且含量最高;Air-frying（无油）显著影响马铃薯质构特性;Air-frying（加油）与油炸显著加深马铃薯色泽;水煮熟化后马铃薯感官评分最高;经主成分分析后,7 种熟化方式下马铃薯品质评价综合得分由大至小依次是：Air-frying（加油）＞微波＞油炸＞水煮＞烘烤＞汽蒸＞Air-frying（无油）。由此得出结论：汽蒸可作为马铃薯深加工前期熟化处理的较优选择;Air-frying（加油）可较好地保留其品质特性,微波可满足摄食低脂类食品消费者的需求。     

广式腊肠加工过程中质构与色泽变化的研究

采用质构仪、色差计对广式腊肠加工过程中质构和色泽的变化趋势进行了研究,并分析了它们与烘烤过程中水分含量的相关性.结果表明:质构和色泽变化主要发生在烘烤前期和后期.烘烤结束时,硬度和咀嚼性显著提高,硬度由24.240g升至1955.752g,咀嚼性由48.163g升至1022.478g;弹性变化不显著,由0.929降低至0.907;粘聚性由0.636降低到0.574;硬度、咀嚼性和水分含量呈显著的负相关关系.明度值在烘烤过程中由63.978逐渐降低至44.055.红度值由-1493.675提高到-858.545.     

不同烤制方式工艺优化及其对卤蛋品质的改善

为解决卤蛋贮藏期间水分渗出问题,文章优化了间歇式微波烤制、复合烤制烤卤蛋工艺,并对比红外烤制考察了3种烤制方式对烤蛋品质(质构、色度、挥发性风味物质)和水分特性变化(含水量、失水率、持水力、低场核磁水分组成)的影响.结果 表明最优工艺参数为间歇式微波烤制,功率500 W,单次微波处理时间60 s,微波处理次数4次;复合...     

不同干燥方式对蓝莓品质的影响

研究了热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥、中短波红外干燥、热风-微波真空联合干燥和变温压差膨化干燥5种不同干燥方式对蓝莓产品物理性质和营养成分的影响。试验结果表明:复水比大小的排列顺序为:热风-微波真空联合干燥>变温压差膨化干燥>真空冷冻干燥>热风干燥>中短波红外干燥;硬度的排列顺序为:热风干燥>中短波红外干燥>变温压差膨化干燥>热风-微波真空联合干燥>真空冷冻干燥;各干燥方式之间色泽变化不显著。5种干燥处理后,蓝莓营养成分均有所降低,其中真空冷冻干燥方式除总糖外,其他各营养成分保持率最高。     

Comparative study of different bread baking methods: Combined ohmic – infrared,ohmic – conventional,infrared – conventional,infrared, and conventional heating

Developing bakery techniques is essential to improve the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the bread baking process. In this study, the influence of different baking methods was evaluated on baking kinetics, energy consumption, mechanical properties, volume expansion, and sensory parameters of the bread. The results showed that ohmic-conventional method increased the baking time compared with conventional baking. The baking time of the combined infrared–conventional was 63.0–73.7% lower than the conventional method. The maximum values of specific energy consumption and volume expansion were found in the combined ohmic-conventional method. The specific volume expansion, firmness, and shearing force of the baked samples under infrared-conventional conditions were higher than the infrared and infrared-ohmic conditions. The maximum energy efficiency was obtained using the oven-infrared method. The sensory evaluation indicated that the baked samples in the infrared-conventional method had higher scores of taste and flavor than the other baking methods (p < 0.05). Future studies to optimize the baking parameters on bread quality are recommended for improved results.     

A novel strategy for improving drying efficiency and quality of cream mushroom soup based on microwave pre-gelatinization and infrared freeze-drying

The present study was carried out to achieve a more efficient dehydration process along with low undesirable quality decrease for cream mushroom soup (CMS) by combining microwave pre-gelatinization (MPG) with infrared freeze-drying (IRFD). Wheat flour was gelatinized using a microwave heating unit for different times, and was used in CMS formulations. Freeze drying (FD) was carried out using conventional as well as IRFD and drying time, energy consumption and product quality characteristics (flavor, viscosity of rehydrate juice; moisture absorption and crystallinity of dried soup solid) of CMS were studied. Compared to FD, IRFD reduced the drying time and energy consumption by 23.81% and 28.43%, respectively. The microwave pre-gelatinization of wheat flour and subsequent use in IRFD, while in comparing with single infrared freeze drying, did not affect drying time and energy consumption; however, it significantly improved the flavor and viscosity of soup upon rehydration, and reduced the tendency to retrogradation. The microwave pre-gelatinization time of 120 s at 8 W/g energy level was found to be the most suitable condition for microwave pre-gelatinization of wheat flour.Industrial relevanceUndesirable decrease of viscosity in starch containing soup and high energy consumption of traditional freeze-drying limit the large-scale industrial production of freeze-dried starch containing product. Therefore, inhibiting viscosity reduction and reducing production cost are the crucial steps for industrial production of freeze-dried cream mushroom soup. Microwave pre-gelatinization and infrared freeze-drying have made outstanding contributions on improving starch stability and reducing drying energy consumption, respectively, which caters to the preferences of industrial production and can be used in industrial production of freeze-dried instant cream mushroom soup.     

基于电子鼻和气质联用分析干燥方式对郫县豆瓣风味的影响

以郫县豆瓣为研究对象,采用电子鼻和气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,结合化学计量学(PCA和CA)分析,探究烘烤、热风、微波和真空冷冻干燥对郫县豆瓣风味物质的影响。电子鼻分析表明冷冻干燥前后样品整体风味差异小,烘烤、热风和微波干燥前后差异大;气质联用共检测到75种挥发性物质,真空冷冻、烘烤、热风、微波干燥和未干燥样品分别为64、33、37、46和75种,共有化合物14种,特征风味物质分别是7、4、5、5和8种,且均检测到基本特征风味物质(异戊醛、芳樟醇、苯乙醇)。冷冻干燥样品特征风味物质最多,与未干燥样品接近,与电子鼻结果一致;不同干燥方式对郫县豆瓣风味产生不同影响,但不影响基本特征风味物质。     

牛肉干干燥工艺优化

通过引入微波辅助干燥优化传统牛肉干的干燥工艺。结果表明:微波干燥能在保持牛肉干传统风味的同时改善产品的品质,大幅缩短牛肉干的干燥时间。牛肉干最佳干燥工艺条件为远红外烤炉70℃烘烤3h后140W微波干燥7min。微波辅助干燥生产牛肉干的干燥时间仅为传统干燥工艺的一半,大大提高了产品的生产效率。     

鱼骨休闲食品去腥工艺和加工方法

利用去腥剂对斑点叉尾鮰鱼骨去腥,同时研究鱼骨休闲食品的加工方法对产品质量的影响。以气味、色泽和味道为感官评价指标,采用均匀实验设计方法优化去腥剂配方;以脆度和色差为指标,对比油炸、烘干、微波、高压蒸煮、高压蒸煮与微波联合5种加工方法,寻找最佳熟化方法。实验结果表明:采用浓度各为0.2 g/L的红茶与CaCl_2的复合去腥剂,干30℃浸泡鱼骨180 min,鱼骨与去腥液的质量比为1:10可以达到最好的去腥效果。采用0.15 MPa下蒸煮5 min,微波功率为中火462 W处理1 min的高压蒸煮与微波联合的加工方式,可使产品的脆度和色泽达到最佳。     

不同焙烤条件的烤马铃薯条品质对比

为了探究烤马铃薯条的焙烤工艺,对比分析了不同焙烤温度和时间组合下,马铃薯条的水分含量、水分状态、抗氧化性、总酚含量、风味物质、色度及质构特性的变化规律。结果表明,随着焙烤温度的升高和焙烤时间的缩短,烤马铃薯条的水分流动性和水分含量均呈现降低的趋势,硬度和咀嚼度呈现先下降后上升趋势,抗氧化性和总酚含量呈现上升的趋势;烤马铃薯条色泽逐渐加深。不同的焙烤条件组合对烤马铃薯条主要风味物质种类的影响不显著,但对风味物质含量的影响较为明显。其中160℃烤25 min条件下,马铃薯条硬度为1532.14 g;而DPPH自由基清除率为85.25%,总酚含量为279.18 mg/100 g,相对较高;且香味明显,色泽鲜亮,是比较合适的焙烤条件。该研究可为马铃薯在食用或加工中选择适宜的焙烤条件提供理论参考。     

热加工方式对火麻仁风味与品质的影响

采用常压蒸制、炒制、热风烘烤以及微波4种热加工方式处理云南大姚火麻仁.以火麻仁香味为指标,探究4种热加工方式在最佳香味处理条件下对其挥发性风味物质、色泽、营养成分及贮藏稳定性的影响.结果表明:4种热加工方式最优处理条件分别为100℃常压蒸制8 min、150℃炒制15 min、130℃热风烘烤40 min以及600 W...     

EFFECTS OF BAKING PARAMETERS ON THE WHITE LAYER CAKE QUALITY BY COMBINED USE OF CONVENTIONAL AND MICROWAVE OVENS

The effects of combined conventional and microwave oven baked white layer cake characteristics were studied. Two types of commercially milled wheat flour, white (A) and whole wheat (B), were used. The modified white layer cake making method was used for conducting the cake baking trials. The conventional baking times (8 or 11 min), microwave power (400 or 600 W) and microwave baking time (30, 40, or 50 s) were chosen as baking parameters. Conventional baking was applied to form the cake crust before baking with the microwave oven used to form the crumb of the cakes. The performance of combination baking was compared with the performance of conventional baking. The volume, bake loss, internal factors, and crust color of cakes were evaluated as quality characteristics. The bake losses of cakes using the combination of short oven times and low microwave power for selected microwave times were smaller than the bake losses of the control cakes for both flours. Long oven times and low microwave power increased the specific volume of cakes. Cakes baked from flours A and B exhibited similar internal properties. Oven time significantly affected the crust color of cakes made with flour A. The crust color of cakes made with flour B was similar to the crust color of control cakes. Using a combination of conventional and microwave baking produces cakes with qualities equivalent to the qualities of cakes produced with conventional baking.     

微波熟制对小龙虾营养与风味的影响

目的:探究微波熟制工艺对小龙虾营养成分与风味成分的影响。方法:以鲜活小龙虾为试验对象,分析未经微波加热及210,350 W微波加热5 min后的熟制小龙虾肌肉部分的营养成分与风味成分变化。结果:低功率微波加热并未对小龙虾水分含量造成显著影响,而350 W微波条件下水分损失显著。干基样品中,不同功率微波处理后灰分无显著变化;总糖和粗脂肪含量呈降低趋势;而随着微波功率的提高,粗蛋白含量呈上升趋势。微波熟制对小龙虾不饱和脂肪酸含量有显著影响;总氨基酸及必需氨基酸含量显著下降,但仍保持较高的营养价值。随着微波功率的提高,小龙虾中的风味成分含量显著降低,如呈鲜、甜味的游离氨基酸与呈味核苷酸,其味道强度值及味精当量值均有明显损失。结论:微波加热熟制工艺在一定程度上会使小龙虾肉质营养有所损失,但可以接受;而对于小龙虾的鲜香风味与滋味有明显降低趋势,且微波功率越大,风味损失越多。