酶解处理提升谷物麸皮营养价值与功能的研究进展

麸皮是谷物生产加工中的副产物,富含膳食纤维、蛋白质、维生素、矿物质和植物化学物质等成分。近年来,通过生物酶水解谷物麸皮以提升其营养价值与功能成为研究热点之一。于是对酶解处理麸皮可优化其中膳食纤维成分、促进酚类化合物释放、提高蛋白提取纯度及抗氧化能力等方面的相关研究进行了综合概述,并提出酶解法在谷物麸皮处理上存在的一些不足以及酶解处理的发展方向,以期为后续对酶解谷物麸皮的相关研究提供参考,使谷物麸皮潜在的营养价值得到充分发挥。     

海棠果的功效成分及生物学功效评价研究进展

海棠果含有酚类、黄酮类、多糖类、根皮苷和矿物质等多种营养成分及活性成分,同时具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗癌、降血糖血脂和抑菌等多种生物学功效。本文对海棠果所含活性成分、功能评价及以海棠果为主要原料的饮品加工现状进行综述,并展望了海棠果中的活性物质未来的研究方向,为拓展海棠资源及海棠功能性产品开发及利用提供一定的参考。     

麸皮的综合利用

麸皮,又称麦皮,是小麦制粉的副产物,其数量为小麦重量的15%左右。麸皮的成分因小麦制粉,加工设备及小麦的产地而异。麸皮中不仅含有丰富的粗淀粉(即无N浸出物),同时也含有丰富的蛋白质。因此,麸皮不仅能配制混合饲料,而且可以利用其淀粉和蛋白质来制取面筋淀粉,酿制白酒,生产醋、味精和酱油等。     

红菇的营养功能及生物活性研究进展

红菇（Russula）是一种常见的食用真菌,含有丰富的多糖、蛋白质、多酚、黄酮等营养物质及活性成分,具有良好的降血糖、降血脂、抗癌、抑菌等生物活性。此外,利用微生物发酵技术对食用菌进行发酵加工可有效提高其营养物质含量或转化衍生出新的功能活性物质。目前,食用菌发酵加工的应用也逐渐增多。基于上述背景,本文对食用菌红菇中主要活性成分的提取纯化及营养成分分析进行综述,并重点强调了红菇活性成分的功能特性,包括免疫调节、抗氧化、抗癌等。同时,综述食用菌发酵加工应用和产品开发的研究现状,以期为红菇在功能食品领域的综合应用提供参考。     

小麦麸皮的功能成分及加工利用现状

对麸皮的功能成分及其加工利用现状进行了综述。     

黑小麦麸皮在食品中的应用研究进展

黑小麦麸皮作为黑小麦加工的主要副产物,除含有丰富的纤维素外,还含有淀粉酶素、优质蛋白、矿物质、维生素等营养物质,以及酚酸类,多酚类等生物活性物质.分析黑小麦麸皮的营养成分及功能性质,介绍开发利用黑小麦麸皮的几种加工技术,阐述黑小麦麸皮功能特性的研究进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

沙棘无废料加工体系与精深产品开发路径分析

我国的沙棘果综合开发利用仍然处于低水平。沙棘现行的无废料加工体系构架是用全果汁、清汁、果肉、果油、果皮、种子等再加工。无废料加工体系拓展内容是精深加工产品与高端产品。沙棘精深产品开发的构思以精深为卖点,以品质为根本,利用研发基础,创新技术与工艺,找到开发产品的市场切入点与优势资源,使产品在市场中脱颖而出。沙棘产品开发的路线要较其果品复杂些,因其含有众多生物活性成分,要求其加工的快速、连续、保鲜,要有冷链保证。     

苦丁茶的保健功能研究与开发前景

苦丁茶含有多酚类、黄酮类、氨基酸等多种生理活性成分。以苦丁茶为主要原料,对苦丁茶的保健功能以及加工工艺进行了研究,并阐明了其广阔的开发前景。     

实用类蛋白反应的作用机制及其对海洋源蛋白修饰的研究进展

类蛋白反应作为一种可以修饰生物活性肽的新方法,已经成为蛋白质食品研究的热点。海洋生物含有丰富的生物活性成分,其含有的蛋白肽具有多种人体代谢和生理调节功能。然而蛋白肽存在生物利用度有限、酶解液味苦等问题。本文在阐述类蛋白反应过程和机制的基础上,对类蛋白反应修饰提高海洋源活性蛋白肽的生物活性、改善蛋白的加工特性及减少蛋白酶解液苦味等研究进展进行了详细的介绍,以期为海洋源蛋白的深度利用以及高值化研究提供理论参考。     

麸皮改性及其生物转化的研究概述

由于小麦麸皮抗营养因子含量高、适口性差、蛋白品质低等原因,其活性物质利用率较低。然而通过对麸皮进行改性预处理及微生物发酵,能有效改变麸皮的营养组成及活性成分。该文对不同改性方式、不同菌种发酵麸皮对其营养活性成分含量的影响相关研究进行综述,旨在为麸皮组分研究、生物转化及深度利用、相关功能性食品开发提供参考。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the