高浓度机械加工清洗废水预处理工艺研究

针对COD高达300 000 mg/L的机械加工清洗废水,采用破乳—热解—铁炭微电解—Fenton氧化联合工艺进行处理。研究结果表明:加入10 g/L的Al2(SO4)3破乳后,热解20 min的处理效果最好;铁炭微电解最佳条件为:维持p H至3.5,铁屑20 g/L,铁炭质量比为1∶1,反应时间4 h;Fenton氧化最佳条件为:维持p H至3.5,30%H2O2投加量为20 m L/L,反应时间4 h,再调节p H至9后沉淀,处理后废水COD可降为20 000 mg/L。     

铁炭微电解—混凝沉淀—MBBR工艺处理腈纶废水

腈纶废水对微生物活性具有不良影响,采用铁炭微电解—混凝沉淀-MBBR工艺对其进行处理.通过正交试验,探索了铁炭微电解预处理腈纶废水的最佳工艺条件;再以MBBR为生物反应器,进一步处理经过铁炭微电解预处理的腈纶废水.结果表明,最终出水COD可稳定至100 mg/L以下,氨氮接近15 mg/L.该工艺是处理腈纶废水的有效方...     

木薯酒精废水厌氧消化液的后续处理试验研究

木薯酒精废水经两级厌氧发酵处理后排出的消化液CODCr的质量浓度为1 300¹ 500 mg/L,NH3-N的质量浓度为4001 500 mg/L,NH3-N的质量浓度为400⁵00 mg/L,m(BOD5)/m(CODCr)值较低,采用铁炭微电解-固定化微生物技术-混凝沉淀-Fenton试剂组合工艺对该废水进行处理。结果表明:在铁炭质量比为2,pH值为2.0,微电解反应时间为9 h,好氧生化反应时间为24 h,混凝沉淀单元pH值为9.0,反应时间为0.5 h,Fenton试剂反应时间为1.0 h,pH值为3.0,H2O2(30%)的投加量为1.8 mL/L,FeSO4.7H2O的投加量为0.91 g/L的最佳工艺条件下,CODCr的去除率可达98.8%,NH3-N的去除率也高达98.1%,出水CODCr的质量浓度为20 mg/L左右,NH3-N的质量浓度在10 mg/L以下,符合GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中酒精废水一级排放标准的要求。     

混凝沉淀-微电解预处理再生造纸废水实验研究

采用混凝沉淀-微电解组合工艺预处理再生造纸废水。通过实验,考察了混凝单元药剂选择、药剂投量以及沉淀时间、微电解单元的初始pH、铁炭用量、铁炭比、反应时间以及出水pH对预处理效果的影响,确定了该工艺的最佳条件。结果表明,选择氢氧化钙为混凝剂,用量为4 g/L,沉淀时间为40 min,微电解的初始pH为3.0,铁炭总量为20g/L,铁炭比为3:1,反应时间为40 min,出水pH为8.0时再生造纸废水的COD、氨氮、总磷、SS和BOD5的去除率分别达到52.88%、43.08%、93.61%、91.64%和33.19%。同时可生化性由0.32提高到0.46,减小了后续生化处理工艺负荷。     

制革废水的铁炭微电解深度处理工艺

采用铁炭微电解深度处理工艺处理以制革废水为主要成分的园区污水厂二级生化处理出水,通过正交试验及单因素优化试验确定了主要影响因素和最优微电解条件。结果表明:铁炭微电解的影响因素从大到小依次为铁炭比>反应时间>pH值。生化出水平均CODCr=116 mg/L时,在反应时间1.5 h、pH=5的最佳运行条件下,自制铁炭材料(Fe/C=3/1)和所购铁炭颗粒商品成品的微电解出水平均CODCr分别为45 mg/L和50 mg/L,出水CODCr满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中的一级B排放标准(60 mg/L),自制铁炭材料的微电解运行成本约为0.28元/t。     

铁炭微电解-混凝沉淀预处理密度纤维板热磨废水

研究了铁炭微电解-混凝沉淀对于密度纤维板热磨废水的预处理效果。通过试验,得出处理该废水的组合工艺最佳条件为:调节废水初始pH值为3.0,进行铁炭微电解反应60min,然后调节pH值为8.5,进行混凝沉淀60min。在进水COD的质量浓度为5183mg/L,色度为500倍时,经组合工艺处理后,COD去除率可达92%以上,脱色率达99%以上,且出水生化性好。     

铁炭微电解/水解酸化/MBR组合工艺处理制药废水

采用反应沉淀/水解酸化/MBR组合工艺处理以合成制药废水为主的污水处理厂污水,处理出水不能达到《化学合成类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 21904—2008)的要求。对此采用铁炭微电解工艺作为前置处理工艺对该废水进行了预处理实验研究,结果表明,当铁炭投加量为400 g/L,铁炭质量比为4∶5,HRT=3 h,p H=4,曝气量为3 L/min时,预处理效果较好,铁炭微电解对COD的去除率达47.50%,废水可生化性由0.23提升到0.38,使后续工艺运行效果大幅提升,最终使处理出水达标排放。     

有机颜料大红粉的改性及废水处理

以改性无机材料K-HPS为改性剂对808大红粉进行改性,研究大红粉的热稳定性和水分散性的变化规律,以及采用铁炭微电解-水解酸化-SBBR组合工艺处理大红粉生产废水的工艺参数。结果表明:改性K-HPS的加入可以有效地提高大红粉的水分散性近20%,热稳定性近10℃,生产成本显著降低。废水处理工艺中铁炭微电解pH为4,铁炭比为1,停留时间100 min,水解酸化段HRT 20 h,SBBR段曝气12 h保持DO为5 mg/L为最优工艺参数。最终出水COD为424 mg/L,色度小于200倍,处理出水达到三级排放标准。     

铁炭微电解-Fenton组合工艺深度处理焦化废水

采用铁炭微电解-Fenton组合工艺对焦化废水进行深度处理,考察初始p H值、铁炭质量比、铁炭微电解反应时间、铁炭投加量、H2O2投加量和Fenton反应时间等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明,铁炭微电解的最佳运行条件为:初始p H值为2,反应时间为90 min,铁炭投加量为80 g/L,铁炭质量比为3∶1。Fenton氧化的最优运行条件为:H2O2的投加量为2 m L/L,反应时间为30 min。当试验原水CODCr的质量浓度为237~248 mg/L,色度为250~270倍时,在最佳运行工况条件下,经组合工艺处理后其出水CODCr的质量浓度为108~114 mg/L,去除率在51.9%以上,达到GB 16171—2012《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》中间接排放标准的要求。出水色度为20~25倍,去除率在90.0%以上,达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中一级排放标准的要求。     

荧光增白剂生产废水的处理

采用"曝气铁炭微电解-水解酸化-好氧生物处理-臭氧氧化"工艺对荧光增白剂生产废水进行了处理.研究了曝气铁炭微电解的铁炭质量比,反应时间和废水pH对处理效果的影响,以及水解酸化、好氧生物处理、臭氧氧化各处理阶段的处理效果,并对最终出水水质进行了分析.结果表明,采用"曝气铁炭微电解-水解酸化-好氧生物处理-臭氧氧化"工艺处理荧光增白剂生产废水,当进水COD为5 620 mg·L~(-1)左右时,出水TOC降至68.45mg·L~(-1),SS质量浓度降至25.9mg·L~(-1),浊度降至2.4NTU,色度降至0.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。