New Pb-Based 1222 Cuprates, (Pb0.5B0.5)Sr2(RE2−x−y Ce x Sr y )Cu2O z (RE = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Y)

New Pb-based layered cuprates with the 1222 structure have been synthesized in the (Pb_0.5B_0.5)Sr₂ (RE_2−x−y Ce _x Sr _y )Cu₂O _z (RE = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Y) systems. The almost-single-phase samples in the systems can be obtained for a nominal composition of x=0.7 and y=0.1. The crystal structure of the samples has a tetragonal symmetry, the lattice parameters of a and c are increasing with increasing the ionic radius of RE element. Despite treatment under high O₂ pressure of 100 atm, the samples are semiconductors with the transport process characteristic of three-dimensional variable range hopping conduction.     

Mg-11Li-3Al-0.5RE合金在碱性NaCl溶液中的腐蚀特性

用静态失重法、动电位极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗谱等方法研究了Mg-11Li-3Al-0.55RE合金在碱性NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为,结果表明:在碱性NaCl溶液中,随着Cl<'-浓度的升高,合金的平均腐蚀速率增大,腐蚀电流增大,体系中Rsol、Rt、Rf减小,腐蚀严重;当溶液的碱性增强时,合金的点蚀电位正移,表面膜钝化作用增强,Rf提高,同时Rt和Rsol增大,减缓了腐蚀的进行;在合金表面生成的腐蚀产物主要成分为Mg(OH)2、Al2O3和Li2O2;Mg-11Li-3Al-0.5RE合金的腐蚀以点蚀为主,逐渐向基体内部和四周扩大,形成较深的蚀坑.     

Development of novel CoCu0.5FeNiVTix (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) high-entropy alloys

CoCu_0.5FeNiVTi_x (x?=?0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared using vacuum arc melting. The microstructures, crystal structures, hardness, compressive properties and wear resistances of the alloys were studied. The alloys always contained face-centred cubic (FCC) and body-centred cubic (BCC) solid solution regardless of the increase in Ti content. The microstructure of alloys exhibited typical dendritic characteristics, which were more and more unapparent with the increase in the Ti content. The alloys with a high content of Ti had a high compressive strength and low ductility. Owing to the formation of nano-precipitates and BCC as the major phase, the CoCu_0.5FeNiVTi₁ alloy exhibited the highest compressive strength of 2747?MPa and a plastic strain limit of 7.4%. As the content of Ti was increased, the wear resistance of CoCu_0.5FeNiVTi_x alloys displayed a rapid increase and reached the highest value when x?=?1, and finally decreased. Because of the large volume fraction of BCC, the CoCu_0.5FeNiVTi₁ alloy exhibited high hardness so exhibiting the best wear resistance. Adhesive wear and abrasive wear dominated the wear behaviour of CoCu_0.5FeNiVTi_x alloys during sliding against SUJ2 steel.     

稀土离子RE(RE=Pr,Nb,Eu)在Sr2CeO4基质中的发光性质

通过燃烧法合成了Sr2CeO4:RE材料,研究了Sr2CeO4材料的结晶过程和发光性质及Pr3+,Nd3+和Eu3+稀土离子在Sr2CeO4基质中的发光性能.实验通过燃烧法制得的前驱体在1200℃焙烧2 h可得均一的Sr2CeO4相,较传统方法的合成时间大为降低.稀土离子Pr3+,Nd3+和Eu3+的在基质中的少量掺杂(0.02%)均可使Sr2CeO4在475 nm左右的特征发射谱峰明显变宽增强,且Eu3+离子的掺杂可使材料在510 nm,540nm,610 nm左右产生多个明显的稀土离子的特征发射峰.实验合成的发光材料具有良好的发光性能,证明Sr2CeO4材料可作为一种优良的发光材料的基质使用,为寻找新型的发光材料提供了一条新的途径.     

尖晶石LiMn1.98RE0.02O4(RE=Ce,Nd)及其性能研究

采用传统的高温固相法合成了稀土掺杂改性的锂离子电池用正极材料LiMn1.98 RE0.02O4(RE=Nd,Ce).用XRD、激光粒径和恒电流充放电测试对材料的结构和性能进行了表征.从材料的晶体结构、充放电和循环性能等方面分析了掺杂元素在稳定材料性能中的作用.研究结果表明,掺杂后的材料仍为尖晶石结构,常温和高温下的循环性能都得到了明显改善.常温下50次循环后LiMn1.98Ce0.02O4和LiMn198Nd0.02O4的放电比容量分别维持在114.2 mAh·g-1和117.5mAh·g-1.     

Production,Properties and Microstructures of Mg—RE—Zn—Zr（RE=MM,Nd）Alloy

The Mg-MM and Mg-Nd master alloys were prepared through the ingot metallurgy method under the protection of a special flux.The thermodynamic behaviors of different rare earth elements in the molten Mg alloys were investigated.Two experimental alloys,Mg-3.0 wt pct MM-0.7wt pct Zn-0.7wt pct Zr and Mg-2.8wt pct Nd-0.7wt pct Zn-0.7wt pct Zr,were prepared.The hardness and tensile properties of experimental alloys were measured and the microstructures were observed.The results showed that the rare earth elements could react greatly with the Mg chloride in the flux.The Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy displayed a good aging hardening effect.The dispersed metastable phase βˊ(Mg3Nd) is an important strengthening phase to improve the tensile properties of this alloy.So the M-g-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy has better tensile properties and elongation than those of the Mg-MM-Zn-Zr alloy,and the ductile fracture character could be observed.The microvoid coalescence is the dominant fracture mechanism in this alloy.     

Studies on the structural,electrical and magnetic properties of LaCrO3, LaCr0.5Cu0.5O3 and LaCr0.5Fe0.5O3 by sol–gel method

The structural, electrical and magnetic properties of LaCr_0.5M_0.5O₃ (M = Cr³⁺, Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺) synthesized by a sol–gel technique were studied. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows the structure to be orthorhombic and the size of the particles is around 100 nm as seen from the TEM images. The effects of Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ on the electrical properties of LaCrO₃ were studied using impedance spectroscopy at room temperature (RT). The properties of LaCr_0.5Cu_0.5O₃ were studied over a wide range of temperature from RT to 533 K. A maximum conductivity of 1.7 × 10^?3 S cm^?1 was observed for LaCr_0.5Cu_0.5O₃ at a measured temperature of 533 K. The impedance spectra indicate a negative temperature coefficient of resistance (NTCR) and also imply the conduction is through bulk of the material. The magnetic studies performed using a SQUID magnetometer interpret the antiferromagnetically ordered LaCrO₃ to behave ferromagnetically on the addition of Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺, and the magnetization was found to be enhanced in the LaCr_0.5Fe_0.5O₃.     

Structural, Dielectric and Complex Impedance Spectroscopy Studies of Lead Free Ca0.5 ＋xNd0.5-x（Ti0.5 Fe0.5）O3

Structural and various electrical properties of polycrystalline Ca_0.05+xNd_0.5-x(Ti_0.5Fe_0.5)O₃,prepared by standard solid state reaction technique,were studied.Formation of single phase orthorhombic structure of the compositions was confirmed by X-ray diffraction study.The composition dependence of lattice parameters, density and microstructural study show that they vary significantly with Ca content.The dielectric measurements were carried out at room temperature as function of frequency and composition.The experimental results reveal that the dielectric constant（ε’） increases with increasing Ca content.Similar behavior is observed for the dielectric loss（tanδ） and ac conductivity(σ_ac).In complex impedance analysis it is observed that the real part（Z’） vs imaginary part（Z"） graph exhibits a tendency of formation of a single semicircular arc for each composition of samples.Different parameters were determined by fitting the experimental data in Cole—Cole empirical formula.A dominance of grain boundary resistance(R_gb) is observed.The R_gb decreases with increasing Ca content.The highε’ observed in present samples are suitable for fabrication of devices.     

The Effect of the Flux B203 and the Role of Ion RE3＊ in CaAI204： Eu2＋, Nd3＋, RE3＋ Phosphor （RE： Dy, Gd, Tb）

The long afterglow phosphors CaA1204： Eu2＋, Nd3＋, RE3＋ （RE： Dy, Gd, Tb） were prepared by the combustion method at 580℃ for 5 min. In this method, the B203 oxide was used as flux. The influences of the flux B203 quantity and the role of ion RE3＋ （RE： Dy, Gd, Tb） in the phosphor CaAI204： Eu2＋, Nd3＋ were studied systemically. The X-ray diffraction pattern, scanning electron microscopy graphic, the photoluminescence spectra and decay time were presented. The emission spectra of phosphors had a broad band with maximum at 444 nm due to electron transition from the 4f65dI to the 4f7 of ion Eu2＋. It is showed that Nd3＋ and RE3＋ ions generated traps that resulted in the long persistent phosphorescence. Simultaneously, when the concentration of RE3＋ ion was high, they generated also emission centers in the phosphor.     

Structural,spectral, dielectric,and magnetic properties of indium substituted Cu0.5Zn0.5Fe2−xO4 magnetic oxides

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - The influence of indium on the properties of Cu0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nano ferrites synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion technique was...     

(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–Bi(Mg0.5Ti0.5)O3 solid solution: phase evolution, microstructure and electrical properties

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics with the composition of (1 ? x)(K_0.5Na_0.5)NbO₃–xBi(Mg_0.5Ti_0.5)O₃ [(1 ? x)KNN–xBMT, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.04] were synthesized via solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the orthorhombic—tetragonal phase transition was present for (1 ? x)KNN–xBMT with increasing the content of BMT. The study of dielectric properties illustrated that both peaks of orthorhombic—tetragonal (T _O–T ) and tetragonal—cubic (T _T–C ) phase transitions shifted to lower temperature. Through adding BMT, the electrical properties of KNN ceramics were obviously improved. The optimized piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties with d ₃₃  = 127 pC/N, k _p  = 36.58 %, P _r  = 22.1 μC/cm² were obtained as x = 0.01.     

Ultrasonic, Transport, and Magnetic Properties of Nd0.5Sr0.5Mn1−x Cr x O3 Perovskites

The resistivity, magnetization and longitudinal ultrasonic velocity (V _l) have been measured in single-phase polycrystalline Nd_0.5Sr_0.5Mn_1?x Cr _x O₃ (x=0, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1) to clarify the Cr doping effect on the metal-insulator and charge ordering transitions. For x=0 sample, the V _l shows two large stiffening just below the metal-insulator transition temperature T _MI and the charge ordering temperature T _CO, respectively. It is suggested that the former ultrasonic anomaly may originate from the spin-lattice effect and the dynamic Jahn-Teller effect, and the latter is due to the electron-lattice effect arising from the static Jahn-Teller effect of Mn³⁺. With the Cr doping, the T _MI shifts to lower temperature, the maximum of magnetization becomes smaller and the resistivity remains metallic type. Furthermore, only one stiffening of ultrasonic velocity is observed below T _MI in these doping samples. The analysis suggests that the Cr doping enhances the double exchange between Mn³⁺ and Mn⁴⁺, and thoroughly destroys the charge ordering state.     

Na0.5 Bi0.5 TiO3-K0.5 Bi0.5 TiO3系铁电体的相变研究

研究了(Na1-xKx)0.5Bi0.5TiO3体系x分别为0、0.08、0.16和0.20时陶瓷不同频率下的介电温谱,发现材料为弛豫型铁电体,材料的介电谱在室温到500℃的温度范围内存在一个介电常数-温度"台阶",一个介电常数-温度峰和一个介电损耗-温度峰,通过分析陶瓷不同温度下的电滞回线验证陶瓷在升温过程中产生了铁电-反铁电-顺电相变,采用铁电体成分起伏理论和内电场理论解释了这类弛豫型铁电体相变的原因.     

脉冲激光沉积Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3、Pb0.5Ba0.5TiO3和Pb0.5Sr0.5TiO3薄膜及其介电性质

采用脉冲激光沉积法,在Pt／Ti／SiO2／Si基底上分剐制备厚度为350nm的Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3(BST)、Pb0.5Ba0.5TiO3(PBT)和Pb0.5Sr0.5TiO3(PST)薄膜并研究了它们的介电性质。XRD显示,在相同的制备条件下三者具有不同的择优取向,PST具有(110)择优取向,PBT具有(111)择优取向,而BST则是混合取向。SEM显示三者样品表面均匀致密,颗粒尺寸大约在50nm至150nm之间。PST与BST、PBT相比有更高的介电常数,在频率为10kHz时,分别为874、334和355,而损耗都较低,分别为0．0378、0．0316和0．0423,同时PST漏电流也是最小的。测量薄膜的C-V特性扣铁电性能表明室温下BST呈现的是顺电相,PST和PBT则呈铁电相。本文也测量了薄膜在不同频率下的介电温度特性,BST、PBT和PST均表现出频率弥散现象,即随着频率的降低．居里温度降低而介电常数会升高。并测得BST和PST的居里温度分剐为-75和150℃。而PBT的居里温度在250℃以上。本文研究表明：与BST相比较,PBT的介电常数与之相近,漏电流较大;而PST具有高介电常数,较小的漏电流和较大的电容-电压调谐度,在相关半导体器件中的应用将有很大的潜力。     

挤压态Mg–9Al–Zn–0.5RE–Ca–Si合金微观组织和力学性能

目的 改善AZ91镁合金在温度超过120℃时的力学性能。方法 在AZ91合金中添加Ca、Si和La/Ce混合稀土元素。在360℃下等温挤压,平均挤压速度为1.2 mm/s,挤压比为30︰1,以探究Ca、Si和La/Ce混合稀土元素对AZ91合金力学性能、物相组成和显微组织等的影响。结果 在AZ91挤压态合金中,与添加Si元素相比,Ca元素对挤压态合金的力学性能影响更大。在室温时,Mg–9Al–Zn–0.5RE–Si挤压态合金的屈服强度、极限抗拉强度和伸长率分别是254 MPa、306MPa、7.0%,而Mg–9Al–Zn–0.5RE–0.5Ca挤压态合金的屈服强度、极限抗拉强度和伸长率分别是308 MPa、330 Ma、7.1%。Mg–9Al–Zn–0.5RE–0.5Ca–0.5Si挤压态合金室温力学性能最佳,其屈服强度、极限抗拉强度和伸长率分别是351 MPa、383 MPa、7.4%,说明Ca、Si这2种元素的协同作用可同时提高室温下AZ91合金的强度和塑性。在150℃和200℃下,Mg–9Al–Zn–0.5RE–0.5Ca–0.5Si合金仍然具有最佳的力学性能。在150℃下,其屈...     

Na0.5K0.5NbO3 and 0.9Na0.5K0.5NbO3–0.1Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 nanocrystalline powders synthesized by low-temperature solid-state reaction

Nanocrystalline powders of K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ (KNN) and 0.9Na_0.5K_0.5NbO₃–0.1Bi_0.5Na_0.5TiO₃ (KNN–BNT) have been prepared using a low-temperature solid-state reaction. Phase development of the powders incurred during various calcination temperatures was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Crystallite size and particle morphology of KNN powders were examined by XRD and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Perovskite phase was formed at the temperature as low as 500 °C, and the average crystallite size of KNN powders depended on calcination temperature. In addition, the crystalline structure of KNN powders tended to change from tetragonal symmetry to orthorhombic symmetry with increase in crystallite size. Similar results were obtained in KNN–BNT system. The developed method is well suited for the mass production of niobate nanocrystalline powders due to its simplicity and low cost.     

Tunable luminescence and energy transfer properties of Sr₃AlO₄F:RE³+ (RE = Tm/Tb, Eu, Ce) phosphors

Sr(3)AlO(4)F:RE(3+) (RE = Tm/Tb, Eu, Ce) phosphors were prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectra, as well as lifetimes were utilized to characterize samples. Under the excitation of UV light, Sr(3)AlO(4)F:Tm(3+), Sr(3)AlO(4)F:Tb(3+), and Sr(3)AlO(4)F:Eu(3+) exhibit the characteristic emissions of Tm(3+) ((1)D(2)→(3)F(4), blue), Tb(3+) ((5)D(4)→(7)F(5), green), and Eu(3+) ((5)D(0)→(7)F(2), red), respectively. By adjusting the doping concentration of Eu(3+) ions in Sr(3)AlO(4)F:0.10Tm(3+), 0.10Tb(3+), zEu(3+), a white emission in a single composition was obtained under the excitation of 360 nm, in which an energy transfer from Tb(3+) to Eu(3+) was observed. For Sr(3)AlO(4)F:Ce(3+),Tb(3+) samples, the energy transfer from Ce(3+) to Tb(3+) is efficient and demonstrated to be a resonant type via a dipole-quadrupole interaction by comparing the experimental data and theoretical calculation. Furthermore, the critical distance of the Ce(3+) and Tb(3+) ions has also been calculated to be 9.05 ?. The corresponding luminescence and energy transfer mechanisms have been proposed in detail. These phosphors might be promising for use in near-UV LEDs.     

Li_(0.5)MAl_(0.5)SiO_4:Eu,Bi的合成和发光特性(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)

首次用高温固相反应合成了 Li_(0.5)MAl_(0.5)SiO_4:Eu,Bi(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)发光体,研究了基质中不同碱土金属离子对 Eu~(3+)和 Bi~(3+)的发光特性以及 Bi~(3+)敏化 Eu~(3+)发光性能和能量传递特点,得到了良好的基质组成和一些规律性结果。用395nm 紫外线激发,M=Mg 时的发光强度比 Y(V,P)O_4:Eu强约60%。Bi~(3+)发光的 Stokes 位移与 M(Ⅱ)的离子半径呈线性关系。