国内外简讯

世界二氧化钛的生产消费现状二氧化钛的生产方法主要有硫酸法和氯化法两种。世界上约有 4 7%的二氧化钛采用硫酸法进行生产 ,5 3%的二氧化钛采用氯化法进行生产。截止 2 0 0 3年 5月上旬 ,世界二氧化钛的总生产能力约为 4 70 .0万t/a ,其中北美为 16 2 .0万t/a,南美为 7.0万t/a,西欧地区为 137.5万t/a ,东欧为 2 3.9万t/a,非洲和中东为 13.5万t/a ,亚太为 82 .9万t/a。杜邦公司是世界上最大的二氧化钛生产厂家 ,其生产能力约占总生产能力的 2 3% ;其次是Millennium公司 ,生产能力约占总生产能力的 15 % ;Huntsman公司位居第 3,生产能力约占…     

聚氯乙烯的市场分析与发展前景(上)

近年来,世界PVC树脂的生产能力稳步增长。2005年全世界PVC树脂的总生产能力为3611．5万t,2007年增加到约4341．5万t,同比增长约5．4％。其中非洲地区的生产能力为42．7万t/a,约占世界PVC树脂总生产能力的1．00％;中东欧地区的生产能力为215．1万t／a,约占总生产能力的4．95％;北美地区的生产能力为844．7万妇,约占总生产能力的19．46％;中东地区的总生产能力为100．3万t／a,约占总生产能力的2．31％;太洋洲地区的生产能力为15．0万t,a,约占总生产能力的0．34％;     

国内外聚乙烯的生产与消费

1999年世界聚乙烯的生产能力约为 5 660万t/a ,需求量约为 4 81 0万t。 90年代后期 ,企业合并成为PE工业的热点。我国PE工业发展很快 ,目前共有生产装置 34套 ,总生产能力达 2 83 2 7万t/a,1 999年表观消费量达 51 6 8万t,预计需求将以 1 0 %的年均增长率增长。     

偏苯三酸酐的国内外市场分析

目前世界偏苯三酸酐的总生产能力约为 2 3 0万t/a ,产量约为 16 5万t/a ,消费量约为 16 0万t/a。2 0 0 3年 ,我国偏苯三酸酐的生产能力约为 4 1万t/a,产量约为 1 6万t,消费量约为 1 35万t。在我国 ,偏苯三酸酐主要用于生产粉末涂料及树脂固化剂、偏苯三酸酯类增塑剂、聚酰亚胺绝缘漆以及改性醇酸树脂等 ,另外有少量用于电影胶片絮凝剂、飞机发动机润滑油以及偏苯酸酯钠盐阴离子表面活性剂等。预计 2 0 0 5年我国偏苯三酸酐的消费量将达到约 1 75万t。     

丙烯腈生产现状及市场行情分析

对国内外丙烯腈的生产及需求状况进行了详细的介绍。 2 0 0 3年 ,我国丙烯腈产量为 6 0万t、进口量38万t、表观消费量为 98万t,预计 2 0 0 5年我国腈纶生产能力将达到 72万t/a ;世界丙烯腈的主要生产国和地区 ,如美国、西欧和日本等生产能力合计为 4 0 6 3万t/a,约占全球总产能的 5 9 7%。全球丙烯腈市场需求年均增长率为 2 %～ 2 5 %。同时 ,对国内外丙烯腈的市场行情进行了分析 ,评述了影响丙烯腈市场价格上扬的主要因素。     

世界聚丙烯的生产与消费

2 0 0 1年世界聚丙烯的生产能力为 3 790万t/a ,需求量为 3 1 0 0万t。预计到 2 0 0 6年世界还将新增 80 0万t/a的生产能力 ,需求将以 6 % /a的速度增长。近几年我国聚丙烯工业发展很快 ,2 0 0 1年我国聚丙烯的总生产能力已达 333 3万t/a,产量达32 2 5万t,消费量为 530 3万t,预计到 2 0 1 0年将达到 1 2 80万t。     

氯乙烯市场分析及预测

氯乙烯单体是生产聚乙烯树脂的主要原料。 1 998年全世界氯乙烯总生产能力为 3 0 4 3 .2万 t,产量为 2 580 .7万 t,平均开工率为 85%。预计 2 0 0 3年和 2 0 0 8年世界氯乙烯总生产能力将分别达到 3 3 0 1 .5万 t和 3 80 9.0万 t。我国氯乙烯生产厂家大多采用电石乙炔法 ,1 998年产能和产量分别为 2 2 1 .3万 t和 1 3 8.1万 t,进口量比上年骤增。预计 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 5年我国氯乙烯产能将达 3 2 0万 t/a,需求将达 4 1 8万 t/a。     

国内外环氧氯丙烷市场分析

目前 ,世界上环氧氯丙烷的总生产能力约为 12 2万t/a,产量约为 92万t;我国环氧氯丙烷的生产能力约为 11万t/a ,产量约为 9万t,2 0 0 3年的总消费量约为 15 9万t。预计 2 0 0 5年我国环氧氯丙烷的需求量将达到2 2 1万t,产品将严重供不应求。     

三聚氰胺产需现状及市场分析

世界三聚氰胺的总生产能力约为 1 1 0万t/a,主要集中在西欧、美国、日本等发达国家。自 1 997年以来 ,中国三聚氰胺的生产企业由原来的不足 2 0家猛增至 60家 ,生产能力也由 4 5万t/a增加到了 1 9 74万t/a。我国三聚氰胺的年消费量在 6万t左右 ,主要集中在木材加工、装饰板、涂料、模塑料和纸张等行业 ,并且在建筑、涂料和油漆业的应用将不断增加。东南亚是生产能力增长最快的地区 ,预计 2 0 0 1～ 2 0 0 5年的年均增长率为 8%。近年来世界三聚氰胺的生产能力年均增长速度为 1 3 % ,而需求增长率仅为 5 %～ 7% ,在未来几年中三聚氰胺的全球生产能力将有相当多的过剩。我国三聚氯胺行业有了长足的发展 ,并呈现出向深层加工和利用发展的趋势 ,但市场需求在短期内不会有大幅度的增长 ,随着再建装置的投产 ,供过于求的形势也将会进一步加剧     

世界苯酚市场分析

20 0 3年世界苯酚生产能力达到 6 83 4万t/a,需求量为 70 0万t,主要用于生产双酚A和酚醛树脂 ,二者所占比例分别为 38%和 2 7%。全球苯酚需求的年均增长率将达到 4 5 %～ 5 4 %,到 2 0 0 6年苯酚需求量可望达到 80 0万t。2 0 0 3年我国苯酚生产能力达到 5 4 0万t/a ,产量 39 77万t ,预计今后几年国内苯酚消费量将以每年9%的速度递增     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。