一种均匀线阵互耦校正算法

旋转不变子空间(Estimating Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques,ESPRIT)算法是空间谱估计中的典型算法,但是阵列互耦会严重影响ESPRIT算法的测向性能。将均匀线阵划分为冗余阵元和有效中心阵元,对有效中心阵元利用ESPRIT算法估计出校正源方位角,结合冗余阵元信息估计出互耦系数阵。计算机仿真显示该算法在互耦自由度为2或3时均有效,算法还从仿真角度研究了幅度和相位误差对算法性能的影响。该算法校正时只需单个未知方位校正源,是一种操作简单的均匀线阵互耦校正算法。     

二维均匀天线阵列空间方向分辨率的研究

利用理论分析和计算机仿真相结合的方法．对三种常用的二维均匀天线阵列（方阵、圆阵、L阵）的空间方向特性进行了深入的理论和仿真实验研究．推导出了三种二维阵列结构的空间方向分辨率的工程近似计算公式,并得到了它们之间的关系;分析了阵元间的互耦对空间方向分辨率的影响,得出了互耦对空间方向分辨率没有影响或影响很小的结论．并对该结论进行了解释;对由工程近似计算得到的空间方向分辨率和计算机仿真得到的实际的空间方向分辨率进行了比较．指出了工程近似计算公式的局限性．     

基于随机点阵的平面反射阵列天线设计

本文设计了一种新型的低互耦微带反射阵列天线.反射单元采用随机点阵结构,利用随机点阵结构的高自由度获得不同的反射相位.为了降低单元之间的互耦效应,在随机点阵单元外围添加方形金属环.采用该新型微带反射单元,设计了7×7规模的反射阵列.仿真和测试结果表明,在工作频率5.8GHz处,天线的增益为19.7dBi,阻抗带宽为6.0%(5.71～6.06GHz),主旁瓣比优于13.1dB,交叉极化小于-20dB,印证了随机点阵结构设计反射单元的可行性.     

基于粒子滤波的液态场环境声源定位方法

研究了石油储罐罐底腐蚀声发射源的定位方法.针对有限空间液态场中水声信号的多途效应严重影响声源目标定位问题,提出一种基于粒子滤波的到达时间差(TDOA)声源定位方法,充分考虑广义互相关结果中多途效应导致的多个峰值,采用高斯似然函数进行重要性采样,实现对多途效应影响的抑制.水池实验结果表明这种方法比传统的Chan方法具有更高的定位准确性和精度,定位结果的均方根误差(RMSE)为Chan方法的10%,提高了定位性能.     

FIM空间谱估计的加窗算法

1引言 Bucker[1]提出利用阵元间互功率谱中存在的角度信息,估计平面波功率谱密度.Wilson[2]将该方法进一步发展为逆波束形成(IBF)方法.IBF有较高的方位分辨力(束宽为CBF的2/3)和抑制噪声干扰能力[3],信噪比增益较CBF提高3分贝.IBF算法由傅立叶积分谱估计算法(FIM)、峰值提取器(ENNPP)和跟踪器(M ofN)三个部分组成.其核心部分为傅立叶积分谱估计算法(FIM),相当于波束形成器.利用IBF算法处理舷侧声阵海上实艇试验数据时,由于旁瓣过高,结果不理想.本文把FIM中协方差矩阵的Toeplitz平均结果看作一维阵空间上复互功率谱的分布,通过对其加窗处理,使FIM的性能得到了改善.     

用于时变系统参数识别的状态空间小波方法

该文利用系统的激励和受迫响应数据,基于状态空间和小波变换理论,提出了一种识别时变系统参数的新方法.该方法首先将线性时变系统的二阶振动微分方程转换为一阶状态方程,然后对系统的激励和响应信号进行小波尺度函数空间投影,利用小波尺度函数的正交性,把一阶状态空间方程解耦为线性代数方程组.其次求解方程组,识别出不同时刻的等效系统转...     

采用缺陷地的高隔离MIMO天线设计

本文设计了一种具有高隔离度的四端口多输入多输出(MIMO)天线.该天线的辐射单元由一个正八边形的贴片和一个方形环贴片两部分构成.天线的谐振频率在2.45GHz,工作带宽大于50MHz.设计了一种缺陷地结构来改善天线单元间的隔离度,并分析了缝隙尺寸与天线单元间的耦合电流之间的关系.这种缺陷地结构,通过改变天线地上的电流分布,降低天线单元间的耦合,从而实现天线单元间的高隔离度.仿真结果显示:采用本文的设计方法,天线单元间的隔离度改善了10.1dB,天线单元间的互耦在天线工作频段内均低于-23.6dB.     

基于互耦测试的相控阵天线系统校准研究

本文针对大型相控阵天线系统需要维护和不定期校准的问题,基于相控阵天线振子之间的互耦特性设计了一种通用的校准方法。相对于互耦校准法,文章解决了天线阵面的异形结构和介电常数的不一致性引起的校准偏差,具有更好的通用性;相对于其他方法不需要增加硬件适配,具有更简单的系统复杂度和更好的成本优势。文章通过理论分析和数学推导为该方法提供了支撑,并经过多阵面,多频点验证了该方法的有效性。该方法适用于大多数均匀直线相控阵天线系统,并可推广到平面阵列。     

基于独立分量分析的管道异常振动事件定位方法

针对传统互相关时延估计法定位管道故障点的局限性,提出了基于独立分量分析(ICA)的互相关时延估计方法用于管道异常振动事件定位.利用ICA滤波后的管道沿线振动信号进行互相关运算,抑制了相关高斯噪声引起的时延估计误差,为管道安全监测系统提供了一种新的高精度时延估计方法.仿真结果和现场实验数据表明,该方法可以快速精确地定位管道周围异常事件的发生位置,改善了相关运算的时延估计性能,相对于传统互相关时延估计法,可进一步降低时延估计的平均误差和均方差,具有更高的定位精度和定位一致性.     

减小应变式多维力传感器测量误差的一种方法

针对目前多维力传感器各维间耦合造成的测量误差过大的问题,提出了适用于应变式多维力传感器的互耦补偿电阻解耦方法。理论分析与实际应用结果表明,该方法能有效地消除传感器各维间的耦合作用,大大减小因此而产生的测量误差。     

Diagnostic of phased arrays with faulty elements using the mutual coupling method

The ability to calibrate phased array antennas by utilising the mutual coupling method (MCM), which takes advantage of the mutual coupling effect between adjacent elements, is addressed. The basic assumption of the method is that the mutual coupling between adjacent elements is equal for all elements in the array and its major deficiency is its failure in the case of faulty elements. A parametric study to identify the effect of faulty elements in the array has been conducted. It has been shown that displacement of one element in the array may cause a significant error in the calibration, which affects its radiation characteristics (increase in the far side lobe level). The main contribution is the presentation of the effect of faulty elements in the calibration process and the proposal of a way to detect and bypass the faulty elements in a phased array calibrated by the MCM.     

声压基阵误差单辅助矢量水听器快速校准方法

针对方位依赖的声压基阵误差校正困难问题,提出了声压基阵误差单辅助矢量水听器快速校准方法。利用精确校正的单只矢量水听器,就可以对声源方位及方位依赖的声压基阵幅度相位误差,进行无模糊的联合估计。由于阵元位置误差、互耦及通道的幅度相位误差均可以等效为方位依赖的基阵幅度相位误差,所以可以对多种同时存在的基阵误差进行校正。该方法适用于任意的阵列结构,不存在参数联合估计的局部收敛问题,只需参数的一维搜索,运算量小可实时在线完成。通过计算机仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

Direction of arrival estimation for uniform circular array based on fourth-order cumulants in the presence of unknown mutual coupling

A direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm in the presence of an unknown mutual coupling is presented for a uniform circular array. This algorithm is based on the fourth-order cumulants, and the DOA of signal sources can be accurately estimated without the need of any calibration source since the coupling is blindly compensated by the inherent mechanism of the proposed method. Because of the use of higher-order statistics, the number of sources that can be coped with may be larger than the number of sensors in the array, and the algorithm is insensitive to Gaussian noise. Comparing with existing calibration methods which use iterative approaches, this algorithm is computationally less expensive since it uses only a one-dimensional search. Validation and performance are illustrated by simulations.     

Elimination of scan blindness with compact defected ground structures in microstrip phased array

A compact H-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) is applied to reduce the mutual coupling between array elements and eliminate the scan blindness in a microstrip phased array design. The proposed DGS is inserted between the adjacent E-plane coupled elements in the array to suppress the pronounced surface waves. A two-element array is measured and the results show that a reduction in mutual coupling of 12 dB is obtained between elements at the operation frequency of the array. The scan properties of microstrip phased arrays with and without DGS are studied by the waveguide simulator method. The analysis indicates that the scan blindness of the microstrip phased array can be well eliminated because of the effect of the proposed DGS. Meanwhile, the active patterns of the array centre element in 7 x 3 element arrays with and without the H-shaped DGS are simulated, and the results agree with those obtained by the waveguide simulator method.     

应用于传声器阵列定位校准的空间点声源声场拟合方法

介绍了一种用于传声器阵列声源定位精度校准的空间点声源声场模拟方法,并基于该方法设计了一套空间点声源模拟系统,完成了一个传声器阵列的定位位置精度校准。文章采用多通道点声源空间声场合成算法模拟了一个位于自由场空间的点声源,根据传声器阵列中每一个传声器的空间位置坐标,计算出传感器所处位置声场的动态声信号。通过耦合腔标准声源将对应的多通道电压信号输入被校准阵列系统,完成点声源的模拟。然后,该阵列运用波束形成算法进行声源定位,得出点声源的位置,并与模拟点声源的位置进行比对,实现对阵列定位准确性的校准。     

Microstrip antenna array controlled with active phase shifter

Abstract

A two‐element microstrip antenna array controlled with active phase shifters has been fabricated and tested. The phase and amplitude of the active phase shifter output can be continuously changed by controlling the gate voltages of the dual gate FET. This array can be mounted on aircraft or missiles and be used in the direction finder or adaptive array systems.

The mutual couplings between microstrip patches are also experimentally studied. It is found that the self‐impedance and resonant frequencies depend highly on the separation if the patches are separated less than 0.4 wavelength and become constant as the separation is greater than 0.5 wavelength. The effect of mutual coupling in the E‐plane is less prominent than that in the H‐plane. In array patterns synthesis, the mutual coupling can be neglected if the separation is greater than 0.5 wavelength. However, if the separation becomes smaller, the mutual coupling must be considered such that the calculated patterns are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

A new decoupling method for phased arrays in magnetic resonance imaging: an experimental approach

A new decoupling method for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) phased arrays is studied by experimental measurements. A laboratory measurement setup is built to characterise the signal coupling paths and their coupling strengths. A new concept, the receiving mutual impedance, is introduced to measure the coupled signals between the phased array elements. Measured values of the receiving mutual impedances for a typical two-element surface-coil array are obtained and used in other experiments to find the uncoupled voltages from the received voltages. Results show that the new decoupling method is both accurate and robust over a wide frequency range. Comparison of the uncoupled voltages with the actual ideal uncoupled voltages confirms that if the position of the signal source is known, almost error-free uncoupled voltages can be obtained. The errors resulted from a change of the position of the signal source are also measured and it is found that they generally increase with the deviation of the signal source from its position where the receiving mutual impedances are measured. The maximum % error of the uncoupled voltages is found to be below 10% when the signal source changes its position over a distance of half the length of a surface coil. Over this distance change, the signal isolation between the two surface coils is found to be at least 20 dB, whereas the maximum is more than 300 dB. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and the feasibility of the new decoupling method for use in MRI phased arrays.     

座底式长基线水声跟踪系统校阵方法研究

为了解决座底式长基线水声跟踪系统的高效校阵问题,结合工程项目实际提出一种智能化分组并行校阵方法。该方法利用水下基阵布阵施工时获得的水声及差分全球定位系统(Differential Global Positioning System,DGPS)测量数据为基准,在校阵试验中采用多个水下基阵分组并行校阵的快捷方式,根据自动反馈的测量数据进行校阵误差收敛测量,当满足事先设定的校准误差后,获得水下基阵的精确位置信息,同时完成多个水下基阵的阵型校准。最后,在某水域采用跑船试验的方式进行验证。长基线系统测量的船只航行轨迹与DGPS轨迹重合性好,证明该方法具有智能化程度高、测量精度高、测阵效率及经济性好等优点,具有较高的军事及民用价值。