触摸屏数据处理算法研究及实现

触摸屏是常见的计算机输入设备,其数据处理方法直接影响了输入操作的准确性,特别用于文字手写输入时,其笔划数据的准确性直接影响到识别率。本文提出一种简单有效的提高触摸屏汉字笔划数据处理算法,即滤波、平滑和变换“三步法”,经过实验证明,可以提高汉字笔划输入数据的准确性。     

基于PCGM模型的联机手写体韩文识别

韩文是一种常见的东方文字。相对于英文和汉字,韩文字具有大类别,类与类之间相似度极高,基本笔画单位具有以二维几何方式进行排列等特点,因此联机手写体韩文字符识别一直是一个难点。提出了基于PCGM模型的韩文字母识别,用字母的PCGM模型从韩文字分割出来,将分割出来的字母对此模型进行训练,使模型收敛稳定。实验结果表明方法对韩文字的识别有显著效果。     

Analysis of the representative shape classification features of Hangul font services

There are various design guidelines for choosing Roman font that can strengthen the effectiveness and significance of visual delivery by using changes in font shape. However, it is not easy to apply Roman font guide directly to Hangul. The structural characteristics of Hangul fonts may be the cause. It means that Hangul fonts are composed of vowels and consonants with a structure that consists of an initial, middle, and final sound; there are shape properties that differ from existing Roman font design properties. Therefore, the representative shape features must also be defined differently. Moreover, although there are Korea standards related to shape features, it is impossible to systematize them using a classification standard with a visual or cognitive basis. This study identified 10 representative shape features based on a statistical analysis of 100 Hangul fonts and 75 shape features presented by previous studies. The validity of utilizing Hangul fonts with respect to the newly presented representative shape features was verified in this investigation. The shape features presented in this study will be proposed as a shape feature standard for Hangul fonts and may be used in the recommendation system.     

High-quality blind watermarking in halftones using random toggle approach

This paper presents a blind watermarking method for embedding large data into halftone images. Watermarking in ready-to-print halftones is desirable in printer applications such as authentication and document/image security. It is challenging to embed large information into halftones, while maintaining high image quality. In this paper, we first review a series of halftone watermarking methods that embed data by using Embedding Toggle (ET) in the selected positions. We find that such ET-based methods have two shortcomings: 1) the image quality is limited because of the unknown input data and randomly selected embedding positions, and 2) the selected embedding positions must be recorded to retrieve the hidden data. To tackle the above disadvantages, this study makes two improvements. First, we propose a random toggle approach, in which the embedding positions are movable. Therefore, after the data are embedded, each dot can still be shifted to the most appropriate position to improve the image quality. Second, a self-decodable even/odd parity checking scheme is proposed to embed one bit information in each image block. We also propose a new search strategy, called Swap-Only Block-Based (SOBB) search. By integrating SOBB search with the direct binary search method, the image quality can be greatly improved without damaging the hidden data. From experimental results, the proposed method demonstrated sufficient robustness and excellent image quality.     

基于SEP4020的盲人智能手机短信发送的设计

为了让弱视者和盲人群体能够发送短信,提出了一种基于嵌入式处理器SEP4020的盲文输入方法。针对盲文语言的特征,设计出一种六点盲文输入方法,并给出了在触摸屏上提取盲文的方法和步骤。在此基础上将盲文语言转换成汉语拼音,使会汉语拼音的普通人能够阅读盲人发过来的短信内容。最后以发送内容"你好"为例分析了短信发送的过程和PDU编码形成的方式,并成功地将系统移植到开发平台上。实验结果显示了能够正确获取在触摸屏上输入的盲文,并成功将转换成的汉语拼音通过无线模块发送出去,证明了这个方法的可行性和有效性。     

Investigation of Icon Design and Touchable Area for Effective Smart Phone Controls

As the full‐touch screen is being implemented in more smart phones, controllability of touch icons need to be considered. Previous research focused on recommendations for absolute key size. However, the size of tactual input on touch interface is not precisely equal to the icon size. This study aims to determine the suitable touchable area to improve touch accuracy. In addition, there was an investigation into the effect of layout (3 × 4, 4 × 5, 5 × 6, and 6 × 8) and icon ratio (0.5, 0.7, and 0.9). To achieve these goals, 40 participants performed a set of serial tasks on the smart phone. Results revealed that the layout and icon ratio were statistically significant on the user response: input offset, hit rate, task completion time, and preference. The 3 × 4 and 4 × 5 layouts were shown to have better performance. The icon ratio of 0.9 was shown to have greater preference. Furthermore, the hit rate (proportion of correct input) of touchable area was estimated through the bivariate normal distribution of input offset. The hit rate could vary, depending on the size of touchable area, which is a rectangle that yields a specific hit rate. A derivation procedure of the touchable area was proposed to guarantee the desirable hit rate. Meanwhile, the locations of the central region indicated a pattern of vertical touch and showed better performance. The users felt more difficulty when approaching the edge of the frame. The results of this study could be used in the design of touch interfaces for mobile devices.     

An approach for the maintenance of input validation

Input validation is the enforcement of constraints that an input must satisfy before it is accepted in a program. It is an essential and important feature in a large class of systems and usually forms a major part of a data-intensive system. Currently, the design and implementation of input validation are carried out by application developers. The recovery and maintenance of input validation implemented in a system is a challenging issue. In this paper, we introduce a variant of control flow graph, called validation flow graph as a model to analyze input validation implemented in a program. We have also discovered some empirical properties that characterizing the implementation of input validation. Based on the model and the properties discovered, we then propose a method that recovers the input validation model from source and use program slicing techniques to aid the understanding and maintenance of input validation. We have also evaluated the proposed method through case studies. The results show that the method can be very useful and effective for both experienced and inexperienced developers.     

Active stylus‐touch discrimination scheme based on anomaly detection algorithm

This paper proposes an anomaly detection (AD) algorithm that can discriminate stylus‐touch based on capacitive touch screen panel. The digital value acquired from an analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) are transferred to an autoencoder including an encoder and a decoder. While the encoder classifies only two classes of a no‐touch and a finger‐touch, the decoder reconstructs the similar sequence to the input one according to the encoder's decision. Because the touch sequences caused by the stylus are not trained, the large difference between input and output sequences is used to discriminate the stylus‐touch from finger‐touch and no‐touch. The proposed method is evaluated by means of an 8‐inch capacitive touch panel, an AD touch detection board, and a stylus board. At the sequence length of 16 touch samples, the measured bit error rate (BER) of less than 10^?6 for each touch case is equivalent to the previous support vector machine (SVM) scheme whereas the number of multipliers is dramatically reduced to 16, compared with 400 of the previous SVM method.     

Stereometric pattern recognition by artificial touch

An artificial touch perception system has been created in order to study a method of processing information obtainable through tactile exploration of three-dimensional forms. The results can be useful for several purposes.The first part of the work concerns the project of the tactile explorator. For this purpose we used a kind of artificial limb like a finger with a certain number of touch sensitive transducers distributed along the surface of the finger tip. The information received by touching the object with the finger, is successively utilized as the input of the control servosystem which moves the finger point-by-point along the object surface in order to proceed with the exploration. It must be noticed that, from a philosophical point-of-view, the parallel approach with more fingers touching simultaneously the object in several points, is equal to sequential touching of these points by one moving finger.The second part describes the use of the propositional calculus in logical classification of the objects, as a method of three-dimensional pattern recognition.Elaboration of the input data obtained by tactile exploration, and computation of characteristic geometrical features of three-dimensional forms, has been performed on computer.     

基于MiniGUI的IAL定制及触摸屏驱动程序开发

在嵌入式系统开发中,MiniGUI是典型的图形用户界面系统,触摸屏是常见的输入设备,而输入抽象层作为两者的结合点在人机交互开发中起着重要作用.在分析IAL的数据结构与源代码的基础上,通过修改已有的dummy代码和设置触摸屏控制器相关的寄存器的值,实现了具体的IAL和相关的触摸屏驱动程序,该程序很好地满足了嵌入式应用的需要.     

A language model using variable length tokens for open-vocabulary Hangul text recognition

We propose a novel language model for Hangul text recognition. Without relying on prior linguistic knowledge in training, the proposed model learns variable length Hangul character sequences, which comprise the elementary tokens of Korean language, and their probabilities from statistics of a raw text corpus. Experiments in handwritten Hangul recognition shows that the proposed language model is effective in postprocessing of recognition results.     

Active in‐cell touch circuit using floating common electrode as sensing pad for the large size in‐plane‐switching liquid crystal displays

In this paper, we propose an in‐cell active touch circuit using the concept of floating common electrode for large size in‐plane‐switching liquid crystal displays. Compared with the conventional passive in‐cell touch circuit, the proposed method can greatly reduce the readout channel numbers by sharing the sensing bus for one column. Because the touch signal is amplified in the pixel, the touch panel can be easily scaled up in size. Simulation results show that the difference between touch and no‐touch signals can be as large as 10 μA even with threshold voltage shift of ±1 V. The possible issues of the proposed method are experimentally verified.     

Creating Interaction Techniques by Demonstration

When creating highly interactive, direct-manipulation interfaces, one of the most difficult design and implementation tasks is handling the mouse and other input devices. Peridot, a new user interface management system, addresses this problem by allowing the designer of the user interface to demonstrate how the input device should be handled by giving an example of the interface in action. The designer uses sample values for parameters, and the system automatically infers the general operation and creates the code. After an interaction is specified, it can be executed rapid prototyping, since it is very easy to design, implement, and modify mouse-based interfaces. Perudit also supports such additional input devices as touch tablets, as well as multiple input devices operating in parallel (for example, one in each hand) in a natural, easy-to-specify manner. All interaction techniques are implemented using active values, which are like variables except that the objects that depend on active values are updated immediately whenever they change. Active values are a straightforward and efficient mechanism for implementing dynamic interactions.     

基于Android的远程控制系统

远程控制系统可以让用户访问非本机系统上的各种软、硬件资源。为了在移动平台上为用户提供远程控制服务,提出基于Android系统的远程控制系统。该系统基于Android系统的应用程序规范,遵照RFB协议,通过Java语言实现远程访问和控制系统,并充分利用Android系统的系统资源,成功实现了对触屏激发、软键盘及多点触屏的支持,能在装有Android系统的手机上运行,并与支持RFB协议的虚拟网络计算软件族服务器进行通信。     

Touchable area: An empirical study on design approach considering perception size and touch input behavior

As the use of mobile touch devices continues to increase, distinctive user experiences can be provided through a direct manipulation. Therefore, the characteristics of touch interfaces should be considered regarding their controllability. This study aims to provide a design approach for touch-based user interfaces. A derivation procedure for the touchable area is proposed as a design guideline based on input behavior. To these ends, two empirical tests were conducted through a smart phone interface. Fifty-five participants were asked to perform a series of input tasks on a screen. As results, touchable area with a desirable hit rate of 90% could be yielded depending on the icon design. To improve the applicability of the touchable area, user error was analyzed based on omission-commission classification. The most suitable design had a hit rate of 95% compared to 90 and 99%. This study contributes practical implications for user interaction design with finger-based controls.Relevance to industryThis research describes a distinctive design approach that guarantees the desired touch accuracy for effective use of mobile touch devices. Therefore, the results will encourage interface designers to take into account the input behavior of fingers from a user-centered perspective.     

Document search support by making physical documents transparent in projection-based mixed reality

This paper presents Limpid Desk that supports document search on a physical desktop by making the upper layer of a document stack transparent in a projection-based mixed reality environment. A user can visually access a lower-layer document without physically removing the upper documents. This is accomplished by superimposition of cover textures of lower-layer documents on the upper documents by projected imagery. This paper introduces a method of generating projection images that make physical documents transparent. Furthermore, a touch sensing method based on thermal image processing is proposed for the system??s input interface. Areas touched by a user on physical documents can be detected without any user-worn or handheld devices. This interface allows a user to select a stack to be made transparent by a simple touch gesture. Three document search support techniques are realized using the system. User studies are conducted, and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques.     

深度自编码器在数据异常检测中的应用研究

针对自编码器网络（AE）需要正常数据进行训练的局限性,结合主成分分析方法,将AE的每次重建输出与输入数据进行求差,隔离出异常数据部分,即将输入数据分为正常与异常部分,正常部分由AE重建输出,异常部分由近端法进行优化输出,最后采用交替方向乘子法训练整个模型并达到预定训练次数再输出结果,实现了一种基于深度自编码网络（DAE）模型的无监督数据异常检测方法。在7个真实数据集与8种机器学习模型和AE模型进行了对比实验,结果表明,DAE模型无需输入正常数据就可以有效进行模型训练,且可以防止模型的过拟合,其综合表现高于传统机器学习模型和AE模型,AUC值在4个数据集中达到最优。在mnist数据集中,DAE模型的AUC值相比于孤立森林（IF）方法提高了10.93%。