人体上肢运动表面肌电特征研究

目的根据检测的人体上肢表面肌电信号,研究日常生活活动中男性、女性和左右上肢肌肉功能状态的差异性.方法 对20个被试者的三角肌中部、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、掌长肌和指伸肌五块肌肉进行肌电采集,每个动作重复3次,采用统计处理分析软件SPSS 14.0对时域特征参数平均振幅和积分肌电进行数据处理.结果女性的数值大于男性的数值;左上肢的数值大于右上肢的数值,经t检验知,左右上肢不存在无显著性差异.结论我们可以得到正常人体上肢日常生活活动中的肌电信号数值,为康复治疗、临床诊断、人体工效学提供评定指标.     

飞机座舱航向操纵脚蹬的操纵仿真

要使人体模型能在工程设计中代替人体对设计中的工效提出要求或做出评价 ,就必须将人体模型运动数据与真人实验数据进行比较 ,在两者误差满足工程需要的前提下才可使用。利用美军飞行员人体数据计算人体模型脚行程 ,并与实测值进行比较 ,对所建人体模型脚的可达行程进行了验证。在此基础上利用中国飞行员人体数据 ,得出中国人体模型的脚运动行程 ,在座舱设计中使用。     

一种表面肌电信号的无线采集方式

表面肌电信号包含了大量表征肌肉生物特征的信息,它是一种微弱的生物电信号且极易受多种噪声干扰。可利用银电极的特性设计一种检测表面肌电信号的电极,电极贴于人体皮肤表面对检测到的信号进行放大、滤波,基于STM32对检测到的信号进行数模转换并通过蓝牙4.0发送至其他控制设备,实现表面肌电信号的无创采集和无线传输。实验表明,该采集方式可检测到明显的表面肌电信号变化,并成功实现蓝牙之间数据的发送和接收。     

四通道表面肌电信号采集系统设计与研究

面向表面肌电信号在康复机器人领域的应用,设计了一种四通道表面肌电信号采集系统。表面肌电采集系统包含了检测电极设计、前置放大电路、高通滤波电路、工频陷波电路、低通滤波电路、后级放大电路和电源电路。实验基于右前臂桡侧腕长伸肌,对设计的四通道表面肌电信号采集系统采集的信号进行了测试分析。实验结果表明,系统能够很好地采集到人体表面肌电信号,每一个通道的信噪比为58±3 dB,可以看出表面肌电信号采集设备对噪声的抑制能力较高,且采集到的信号质量高,能够应用于康复机器人领域。     

仿真飞行仪表的人机工效评价*

应用软件仿真技术,研究如何对仿真的飞行仪表进行人机工效评价。通过搭建仿真飞行平台对几种飞行姿态仪进行仿真,采集模拟飞行数据和操作数据后比对,并进行人机工效学的实验和评价。最后得出了两种姿态仪的优劣度。实验结果与实物姿态仪的人机工效评价结果类似,由此表明对仿真飞行仪表进行人机工效评价是一种有效的研究途径。     

基于WPKPCA和SVM的SEMG动作识别方法

为了有效提取表面肌电信号SEMG(Surface Electromyographic)的特征,更好的识别人体上肢运动模式,提出了一种小波包核主元分析(WPKPCA)和支持向量机(SVM)相结合的新方法。通过虚拟仪器采集桡侧腕屈肌和肱桡肌两路表面肌电信号,应用小波包核主元分析法对表面肌电信号进行特征提取,采用支持向量机对表面肌电信号特征数据进行分类识别。实验结果表明,采用此方法能够从表面肌电信号中识别出握拳、展拳、手腕内翻和手腕外翻4种动作,更能有效提取表面肌电信号信息,动作识别率高达98%。     

基于STM32处理器的表面肌电无线采集装置设计

为了可靠获取人体运动意图,对假肢、外骨骼机器人进行有效控制,评价助力效果,设计了一种基于STM32处理器的无线肌电采集装置。介绍了装置的前端调理硬件电路、无线传输和上位机数据处理的设计方案,给出了工频滤波算法及表面肌电信号的简单特征提取方法。这种表面肌电采集装置具有通道数目多、实时性强、数据传输距离远、精度高、操作简便等优点。如果将采集装置构成表面肌电采集阵列,可用于复杂手势的识别。     

一种人体移动对胶囊内窥镜磁定位干扰的补偿方法

磁定位技术可以实现对无线胶囊内窥镜精确定位与跟踪。胶囊内窥镜内嵌入永磁体,在人体周围布置磁传感器阵列采集人体外的磁场强度,通过后续电路处理和特定算法来计算胶囊内窥镜在人体肠胃道内的位置和方向等信息,从而实现对无线胶囊内窥镜的定位。但是磁传感器阵列分布在人体表面,在使用胶囊内窥镜对人体肠胃道检查过程中,人体和磁传感器阵列之间会发生相对移动,这种相对移动会对胶囊内窥镜的定位结果产生干扰。本文提出了一种补偿方法,来减小人体移动对定位结果的影响。在人体表面设置两个相互垂直磁铁作为参考目标,通过特定算法对人体相对于磁传感器阵列发生位移和旋转造成的干扰进行补偿,并通过实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

人体表面点云数据的拓扑特征检测与自动分割

对标准站立测量姿态下的人体表面点云数据的拓扑特征检测与自动分割进行了研究,提出基于全景深度图像表示的人体点云表面拓扑特征检测和自动分割新方法。首先把人体表面的点云数据转换为圆柱极坐标形式,获得人体扫描表面的全景深度图像表示,根据全景深度图像中的层次信息自动检测人体表面的拓扑特征,并根据拓扑特征把人体分割成5个功能结构。实验证明这种方法改进了人体表面点云数据的拓扑特征检测和自动分割的效率和精度。     

基于PCA与核LDA的表面肌电信号特征识别

针对表面肌电信号的非线性和非平稳性等特点,提出了一种主元分析与核LDA判别分析相结合的表面肌电信号特征识别新方法;通过虚拟仪器采集桡侧腕屈肌和肱桡肌两路表面肌电信号,并提取其特征参数平均绝对值和均方根,采用主元分析法对表面肌电信号特征参数进行压缩降维,应用核LDA判别分析法对降维后的数据进行分类识别;经过实验表明,该方法将表面肌电信号的特征参数由4维降到2维,减小了数据的冗余度,能够成功的从表面肌电信号中识别握拳、展拳、手腕内翻和手腕外翻四种动作,识别率高达96%。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。