负载型杂多酸催化合成乙酰水杨酸的研究

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料，负载型杂多酸为催化剂合成了乙酰水杨酸。考察催化剂用量、水杨酸和乙酸酐物料配比、反应时间、温度等因素对反应的影响。结果表明：当n（水杨酸）：n（乙酸酐）为1．0：1．5，催化剂用量为水杨酸质量的5％，71～75℃反应15min，产率达94．2％。     

对甲基苯磺酸催化合成三乙酰没食子酸

以没食子酸与乙酸酐为原料,对甲基苯磺酸作催化剂,合成三乙酰没食子酸,考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度对产品的影响。结果表明,酰化反应较佳的工艺条件是：n（没食子酸）∶n（乙酸酐）∶n（对甲基苯磺酸）=1∶2∶0.5,反应时间为1.5 h,反应温度为60℃,此时三乙酰没食子酸的收率为77.58%。     

SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸催化合成乙酰水杨酸

以水杨酸和乙酸酐为原料在SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸催化下合成了乙酰水杨酸。考察了催化剂的焙烧温度、反应时间、反应温度、原料配比、催化剂用量等对反应的影响以及催化剂的稳定性。确定最佳反应条件为：催化剂的焙烧温度500℃、反应温度90℃、反应时间40min、n（乙酸酐）：n（水杨酸）=2．0：1、催化剂用量1．0g,此时乙酰水杨酸的收率可达77．8％。SO4^2-／TiO2固体超强酸催化荆制备简单、催化活性高、重复使用性好、后处理简便、无三废污染,符合节能环保的绿色催化发展趋势。     

La(OTf)_3催化合成2,2-二甲基-1,3-二噁烷-4,6-二酮

研究了在三氟甲基磺酸镧(La(OTf)3)的催化条件下,以丙二酸和丙酮为原料,乙酸酐为缩合剂合成了2,2-二甲基-1,3-二噁烷-4,6-二酮。考察了酸酮摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间及催化剂用量等因素对反应的影响。确定了其最佳反应条件为:取0.1 mol丙二酸,n(丙二酸)∶n(丙酮)=1.0∶1.1(mol/mol),催化剂用量为0.2 g/0.1 mol丙二酸,反应温度30℃,反应时间为3.0 h,在上述反应条件下,产品收率可达77.1%。     

乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯合成工艺的改进

以柠檬酸、正丁醇和乙酸酐为原料,对甲苯磺酸为催化剂,通过酯化、脱醇、乙酰化、脱乙酸和乙酸酐、中和、水洗等步骤制备了乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯。和文献报道的工艺相比,节省了催化剂用量,减少了近一半的废水量。当反应物摩尔比n（柠檬酸）：n（正丁醇）：n（乙酸酐）：n（对甲苯磺酸）=1：4．3：1．10：0．041,酯化反应温度为130-140℃,酯化时间为4h,乙酰化反应温度为50℃,乙酰化反应时间为1h时,产品的产率为97．5％,酯含量为99．21％,酸值为0．14mgKOH／g,色度小于50（Pt—Co）,符合产品质量要求。     

无毒增塑剂乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯的合成

用固体氯化物催化 民柠檬酸三丁酯,柠檬酸三丁酯和乙酸酐反应合成乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯。研究了催化剂用一、原料配比、反应温度、反应时间对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件：（１）酯化反应：柠檬酸：正丁醇为１：３．５（ｍｏｌ）;反应温度为１３０℃;反应时间５ｈ,催化剂用量０．７％;（２）乙酰化反应：柠檬酸三丁酯：乙酸酐为１：１．６,反应温度为８５℃,反应时间为１ｈ,催化剂用量为０．０６％。酯化收率为９６．３     

丙烯酸(2-氯乙基)酯的合成研究简

采用强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,以丙烯酸、氯乙醇为原料合成了丙烯酸（2’-氯乙基）酯,分别研究了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比、催化剂用量和阻聚剂用量等条件对合成反应的影响.得到了合成丙烯酸（2’-氯乙基）酯最适宜的条件是：反应温度为85 ～ 95℃,反应时间3h,原料摩尔比n（丙烯酸）∶n（氯乙醇）为0.2：0.25,丙烯酸为0.2 mol的情况下,阻聚剂的用量为0.15g,催化剂的用量1 g,丙烯酸（2’-氯乙基）酯的收率可达到91.59％以上.     

碘无溶剂催化合成葡萄糖五乙酸酯

以葡萄糖和乙酸酐为原料,碘为催化剂,无溶剂条件下合成了葡萄糖五乙酸酯,考察了糖酐原料配比、反应时间、反应温度及催化剂用量等因素对产品收率的影响。较优反应条件为:0.1 mol葡萄糖,n(葡萄糖):n(乙酸酐)=1.0:6.0,反应温度25℃,反应时间1.0 h,催化剂用量0.2 g,酯收率可达96.3%。     

α-萘酚的绿色合成法

研究了萘一步催化氧化合成α-萘酚的新方法,选用了有较大孔径的分子筛（FeVPI-5）为催化剂,过氧化氢为氧化剂。重点讨论了溶剂、进料比、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度对萘羟基化反应的影响。结果表明：以丙酮为溶剂,n（H2O2）：n（C10H8）=1、0,催化剂用量为萘的10％（质量百分比）,反应时间10h,反应温度55℃,α-萘酚的最高产率可达20、4％。该法工艺简单、原料易得,而且没有三废,是一种理想的环保方法。     

对甲基苯磺酸催化合成4-乙酰氧基苯甲酸的研究

以对羟基苯甲酸和乙酸酐为原料,采用对甲基苯磺酸作催化剂合成4-乙酰氧基苯甲酸,考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量对产品的影响。实验结果表明酰化反应的优化条件n(对羟基苯甲酸)∶n(乙酸酐)∶n(对甲苯磺酸)=1∶2∶0.025,反应时间30min,反应温度80~89℃,产率达91.63%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。