Dynamics of a lattice of magnetic nanoparticles under action of a pulse of a magnetic field

Processes of quasistatic and dynamic magnetization reversal have been studied for the case of planar 6 × 6 lattices of magnetic nanodipoles that possess a cubic crystallographic anisotropy. The response of the total magnetic moment to a magnetic-field pulse of various duration and polarization have been determined for different equilibrium configurations of the lattices. Along with the in-plane configurations of magnetic moments, configurations with one and two dipoles oriented perpendicular to the plane of the lattices have been considered.     

Dynamics of a heterogeneous polymer system obtained as a result of a conductor explosion

The performed studies allowed us to obtain a composite with regulated structure formation at ?? ?? 0.06 vol % of copper and directed changes of the electrophysical properties in a dielectric using the explosion of a conductor.     

Cracking of a Cobalt-Based Hardfacing of a Gate Valve Disk in a Desalination Power Plant

Cobalt-based alloys of the Stellite family are used as hardfacing for sealing surfaces of valves operating in desalination and power plants because of their excellent low friction and anti-galling properties in high-load sliding contact under the prevailing conditions. However, insufficient control of pressure and temperature during operation can degrade the integrity of the hardfaced material thus leading to its premature failure. This article presents a failure investigation carried out on the disk of a main stop gate valve that was used in a desalination plant. The disk was manufactured from X20 as a substrate material and a cobalt-based alloy for hardfacing. The cobalt-based hardfacing suffered from many surface and subsurface cracks that degraded its integrity. It was concluded that high-pressure steam flowing against the disk had tilted it and, thus, disturbed the alignment between the surfaces of the disk and the seat, leading to wear and large frictional heat that resulted in the degradation of the microstructure of the hardfacing layer and formation of the observed cracks.     

Dynamics of a magnetization-reversal nucleus in a ferromagnet

This paper is devoted to a theoretical investigation of the effect of an applied magnetic field and damping on the dynamics of magnetization-reversal nucleus represented by interacting domain walls (DWs) with opposite topological charges. It is shown that at initial amplitudes that are less than the amplitude of the critical nucleus of magnetization reversal, nonlinear vibrations of strongly interacting DWs are observed. In the presence of dissipation, the nonlinear vibrations are damped vibrations with a frequency that changes with time. At the initial amplitudes that are greater than the amplitude of the critical nucleus, the magnetization-reversal nucleus decays with the formation of a solitary domain. The motion of two interacting 180° DWs relative to their common immobile center in fields that are less than the Walker field is translational; in higher fields, it is oscillatory. It is shown that DW vibrations are accompanied by a periodic transformation of their structure from Bloch into Néel and vice versa with a frequency that depends on the field, damping, quality factor, and the initial amplitude of the magnetization-reversal nucleus.     

Study of a Neural Network with a Meta-layer

We consider the network studied by Amit et al. (i.e. a network that is quite closely related to the Hopfield model). We show that it is possible to save a significant amount of connections if it is reinterpreted as a two-layer system. One of the layers can be interpreted as the basis layer and the other one as a meta-layer. This system is suited for the storage of orthogonal groundstates. However, an extension of the meta-layer allows one to store mixture-states (multicomponent states) as well. This bears a system in which taxonomies as well as looser associative links can be stored. Due to the topological properties of the mixture-states, the system can be provided with a learning rule according to which the memories reorganize in a way that is suited for some aspects of genetic psychology     

一种可焊性半光亮镀镍工艺

目的解决镀镍层可焊性不良的问题,使得光电子器件外壳镀镍层可焊性满足回流焊要求,并且保存半年后可焊性不降低。方法以氨基磺酸镍为体系,考察温度、p H值、电流密度与沉积速率的关系,采用回流焊和浸润法对镀层可焊性进行表征,并考察镀层的质量、结合力及盐雾性能指标。结果镀液体系在比较宽泛的电流密度和温度范围内,都能得到可焊性优良的镀层,其沉积速率随电流密度的增大呈线性增加。浸润法和回流焊接试验表明,镀层可焊性满足要求。在稳态湿热(45℃,RH=95%)环境中48 h或恒温烘烤(150℃,1 h)后,镀层可焊性仍均满足要求。结论在电流密度1~5 A/dm2,p H值3.2~4.4,温度40~55℃的条件下能得到优良的可焊性镀层,满足回流焊对镀层可焊性的要求,并且放置半年后可焊性不降低。     

On the drift properties of a wave packet propagating along a charged surface of a liquid

An analytical expression is constructed to estimate the influence of a surface electric charge on the drift velocity caused by the propagation of a wave packet on a horizontal surface of an ideal fluid. It has been shown that the surface electric charge affects the drift most effectively if the wavenumber of the carrier wave is equal to the inverse value of the capillary constant. Common regularities of the drift motion are established.     

Formation of a Rhenium-Base Coating on a Nb-Base Alloy

To protect Nb–5Mo–15W alloy against high-temperature oxidation a novel coating was developed involving electroplating of a Re–Ni film, followed by pack cementation with Cr and Al. The coating consisted of a duplex-layer structure, an inner (Re–Cr) or Re(Cr) layer and an outer Cr(Al) or NiAl layer. The Re–Ni film containing more than 70at.%Re, developed in the present investigation, is more useful than the conventional low Re–Ni film. The inner (Re–Cr) and Re(Cr) layer acts as a diffusion barrier between the Nb–5Mo–15W alloy substrate and the outer -Cr(Al) or -NiAl layer, which forms a protective -Al₂O₃ scale. The coated Nb–5Mo–15W alloy was oxidized in air at 1373K for up to 360ks, showing very good oxidation resistance.     

高炉大钟拉杆断裂原因分析

高炉大钟拉杆在工作过程中突然发生断裂,为了查明断裂原因,对拉杆头部的断口进行了宏微观分析和拉杆头部的材质解剖分析。分析结果表明,拉杆断裂的裂纹源位于表面R5过渡圆弧处,裂纹由表面向内疲劳扩展至断裂。表面裂纹萌生原因是拉杆在腐蚀性高炉煤气粉尘和轴向拉伸等工作应力的综合作用下,形成的应力腐蚀裂纹。建议加大R5过渡圆弧的尺寸,拉杆材质最好选用抗氧化性和耐腐蚀性较好的低碳低合金钢。     

导弹舵机汇流线断裂失效分析

某型号导弹在空中进行发射试验时失控,检查发现舵机汇流线断裂。本文对断裂的汇流线进行了断口宏、微观观察,化学成分分析以及硬度检测,并结合汇流线焊接工艺参数进行了分析试验和验证。结果表明,该汇流线在焊接时,因焊接温度和时间参数控制不当,导致汇流线疲劳抗力下降,在导弹挂飞振动时发生疲劳断裂。焊接工艺对比试验以及故障再现试验结果表明,通过严格控制汇流线焊接工艺参数,将焊接温度控制在350±5℃,时间≤3s,可以有效提高产品的质量可靠性。     

列车车钩尾销孔裂纹分析

某型列车运载量增大后,列车车钩尾销孔牵引弧面位置大量出现裂纹。本文车钩尾销孔的化学成分和机械性能进行了检测,观察了车钩钩尾销孔裂纹的宏微观形貌,并对裂纹位置的金相组织进行了检测。结果表明,车钩钩尾销孔裂纹在径向上为脆性断裂特征,而周向上为疲劳断裂特征。分析认为,由于列车运载量增大,车钩尾销孔位置的工作应力增大,同时由于车钩尾销孔处淬硬层与基体的性能差异较大且无明显的过渡层,在工作应力作用下淬硬层首先发生脆性断裂并沿径向扩展,至淬硬层与基体界面处则沿着性能较弱的界面疲劳扩展。     

The Morphology of Defects of a Weld Joints of a Drum with a Steam-Generator Housing of VVER-1000 Generator Units

Results of an investigation of the morphology of cracks that form during the operation in the weld joint of a heat-carrier drum with the steam-generator housing of nuclear-power plant with a VVER-1000 unit are given. The reasons for the formation of cracks are the compound-stress state of weld units, the corrosive effect of the heat carrier, and the operating temperature. Crack formation proceeds according to the delayed stress corrosion cracking on the internal surface of metal upon contact with the corrosion medium. The features of crack formation and propagation mechanism should be considered during remedial measures that are aimed at the maintenance of the reliability of the weld joint of a drum with the steam-generator housing of VVER-1000 units.     

建设可持续生产与消费的循环经济

一、中国循环经济的内涵 我国循环经济的内涵可概括为:对社会生产和再生产活动中的资源流动方式实施了"减量化、再利用、再循环和无害化"管理调控的,具有较高生态效率的新的经济发展模式.     

Integration of a service CAD and a life cycle simulator

This paper proposes ISCL, Integrated Service CAD and Life cycle simulator. ISCL plays the role of CAD/CAE tools for product design in Product Service Systems (PSSs) design. In ISCL, the service CAD supports systematic generation of alternative PSSs based on service modeling, and the life cycle simulator analyzes their economic and environmental performances. The current study applies ISCL to the design of a PSS that includes functional upgrading service of a product, whose life cycle costs are sensitive to both its functional obsolescence and physical deterioration. Performances of alternative PSSs are investigated under different market and technology conditions.     

Shape optimization of a foundation for a large machine tool

This paper shows how the cost of an existing foundation for a large machine can be minimized by optimizing the parameters which define its shape whilst maintaining the required stiffness. The parameters considered include the thickness of the concrete in the machine pit and the platform, the cross-sectional area and the amount of reinforcement in the piles, the number of piles and the spacing between them. The foundation is optimized using two- and three-dimensional models. Both these models have been optimized for different loading conditions and varying stiffnesses.A non-linear unconstrained optimization technique combined with the finite element method has been used to obtain the optimal designs.     

Thermodynamics of a helicoidal magnetic structure in a spin-wave approximation

Specific features of the heat capacity, magnetization, and magnetic susceptibility of a chiral magnet caused by the magnon contribution have been studied. It has been shown that the local heat capacity and the magnetization are functions of the coordinates and that their behavior depends on the magnitude of an applied magnetic field. The temperature dependences of these quantities have been investigated. The results of the approximate analytical calculations and numerical calculations have been compared between themselves.