600MPa级冷轧双相钢的试制与研究

在实验室试制了600MPa级低成本C-Mn系冷轧双相钢,比较了热轧态普通组织和退火后双相组织与力学性能的关系,分析了双相组织的强化机理,讨论了热轧卷取温度对最终力学性能的影响,分析并且优化了连续退火工艺参数.采用X衍射和电子背散射EBSD观察了试制双相钢组织的宏观与微观取向.     

析出相对深冲DP钢组织性能及织构的影响

为了研究析出相对深冲DP钢织构的影响机制,采用Thermo-calc热力学软件计算DP钢的平衡析出相,并利用SEM、TEM与XRD等手段分析了两种不同成分的DP钢组织性能与织构演变.研究表明:试验钢的主要析出相为MC_SHP、M₇C₃、MnS和AlN;与低Mo钢相比,高Mo钢的奥氏体区被缩小,且MoC的析出温度更高,铁素体晶内与沿晶界形成了大量的纳米级MoC析出;860 ℃退火后,高Mo钢中形成了约3%的均匀弥散分布的马氏体,抗拉强度达到445 MPa,r值为1.5,而低Mo钢发生了贝氏体相变,各项力学性能明显降低;两种试验钢的热轧板织构较弱,冷轧后{223}<110>取向密度稳定增加,退火后均形成了强烈的γ纤维织构,而低Mo钢中{001}<110>织构是导致其r值偏低的主要原因.     

800MPa冷轧热镀锌双相钢组织性能及其织构演变

对800MPa级热镀锌双相钢热轧、冷轧及退火后的显微组织进行了观察,分析比较了热轧和退火后的力学性能,并考察了其织构演变过程.结果表明:实验用钢经820℃保温140s热镀锌退火后,可获得抗拉强度819MPa,伸长率为17%的铁素体+马氏体双相钢,铁素体晶粒尺寸在1.5~4μm之间,马氏体体积分数为34%左右;热轧织构密度较弱,但已呈现出γ织构的雏形;冷轧后α织构和γ织构密度显著增长;热镀锌退火后α织构变化不大,不利织构{001}〈110〉织构密度有较大程度地攀升,γ织构取向密度值波动很大,最大织构组分为{112}〈110〉织构;快冷过程中形成的马氏体阻碍了有利织构{111}的发展,使得不利织构{001}〈110〉得到一定程度的发展.     

双相钢DP600帽型梁碰撞实验与数值模拟

目的分析双相钢DP600的烘烤特性对碰撞实验的影响,以及验证修正的Johnson-Cook模型对双相钢DP600动态力学性能描述的准确性。方法对DP600帽型薄壁梁结构试件在轴向冲击下的压溃变形模式与吸能特性进行实验研究,采用前处理软件Hyper Works和LS-Dyna求解器对DP600帽型梁轴向压溃实验进行有限元分析。结果通过对比烘烤前后的碰撞实验结果,发现烘烤前后压溃力、位移与时间曲线吻合较好,变形结果基本一致。将实验与仿真结果进行对比分析发现,有限元模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。结论烘烤温度为180℃,时间为20 min的烘烤工艺对材料特性影响不显著。验证了修正的Johnson-Cook模型能够较好地描述DP600的动态力学性能,可以应用于整车碰撞仿真中。     

双相钢拼焊板温拉伸力学性能及组织分析

为了揭示温变形工艺参数对双相钢拼焊板宏观力学性能及组织演变的影响规律,在不同变形温度和应变速率条件下对DP590双相钢拼焊板进行温拉伸试验和微观组织观察,将变形温度和应变速率对材料温成形过程的综合影响统一为Zener-Hollomon(Z)参数来研究材料宏观力学性能和微观组织演变.实验结果表明,随着Z参数的降低,材料越容易发生动态再结晶,流变应力-应变曲线越低,断后延伸率逐渐提高,平均晶粒尺寸有长大的趋势.本研究对于通过Z参数优化DP590双相钢拼焊板温变形宏观力学性能和微观组织具有一定的参考价值.     

高强汽车双相钢的连续退火与组织性能研究

目的 提升高强DP980双相钢的力学性能,优化连续退火工艺。方法 对高强汽车双相钢进行了连续退火处理,研究了连续退火均热温度、均热时间、过时效温度对冷轧双相钢显微组织、物相组织和力学性能的影响。结果 对于不同退火均热温度处理的双相钢,其组织均为铁素体(F)+马氏体(M),随着均热温度从715 ℃升高至865 ℃,残余奥氏体体积分数逐渐减小,抗拉强度、屈服强度先增后减,断后伸长率逐渐减小,在均热温度为815 ℃时,双相钢的抗拉强度和屈服强度达到最大值。随着均热时间从0.5 min延长至5 min,双相钢的晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,残余奥氏体体积分数先减后增,抗拉强度、屈服强度先增后减,断后伸长率先减后增,在均热时间为1.5 min时,抗拉强度和屈服强度达到最大值。随着过时效温度从245 ℃上升至395 ℃,双相钢中的马氏体体积分数逐渐减小,当过时效温度为395 ℃时,出现了贝氏体,奥氏体体积分数先增后减,抗拉强度、屈服强度逐渐减小,断后伸长率逐渐增大。结论 冷轧DP980双相钢适宜的连续退火工艺如下:均热温度为815 ℃、均热时间为3 min、过时效温度为295 ℃。此时双相钢具有较好的强塑性。     

DP1180汽车用双相钢连续冷却转变过程中的相变规律

为研究DP1180汽车用双相钢连续冷却转变过程中的相变特性,对不同冷却速率下的DP1180双相钢试样进行了金相检验及显微硬度测试,绘制了该双相钢的连续冷却转变曲线,并分析了DP1180钢在连续冷却过程中的相变规律.结果表明:对于DP1180汽车用双相钢,其连续冷却转变曲线分为铁素体转变区、贝氏体转变区和马氏体转变区.当...     

马氏体含量对合金化热镀锌双相钢电阻点焊接头组织与性能的影响

目的 研究在双相钢电阻电焊过程中马氏体含量对点焊接头组织、性能的影响规律。方法 使用电阻点焊机对DP780、DP980、DP1180 3种马氏体含量不同的锌铁合金化热镀锌双相钢进行焊接,利用欧姆表、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸机和显微硬度计等设备,对基板的电阻率、工艺窗口、接头力学性能、焊点断裂模式、金相组织进行表征。结果 在AWS D8.9M-2012焊接标准体系下,DP780、DP980、DP1180焊接电流窗口依次减小,DP780、DP980、DP1180 3种材料在最大焊接电流下的焊核直径基本一致;熔核区硬度呈增大趋势,DP780点焊接头软化不明显,DP980和DP1180的热影响区出现明显的软化现象,这主要是由母材热影响区中的马氏体回火造成的。DP780、DP980、DP1180的最大剪切力分别为23 062、27 317、28 183 N。DP780为拔核断裂模式,DP980和DP1180为部分拔核断裂模式。结论 双相钢中马氏体含量的增加会使焊接电流窗口降低,整体向焊接电流减小的方向偏移,但是会提高上限电流的焊点承载强度。     

1470MPa级双相钢的性能特征与强韧化机制

对0.16C-1.38Si-3.2Mn双相钢进行轧制和退火处理,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)等手段表征试验钢的微观组织和断口形貌,分析试验钢经退火后钢板的力学性能和加工硬化行为,重点研究了试验钢晶粒细化的强韧化机制。结果表明:试验钢在800℃退火后的显微组织主要由8.8%铁素体和91.2%回火马氏体构成。退火后的钢板具有良好的综合力学性能,屈服强度为873 MPa,表现为连续屈服特征,抗拉强度为1483 MPa,总伸长率为11%,屈强比为0.58;试验钢的Mn含量、退火前的初始组织、冷轧大变形以及退火过程中关键工艺参数等都有利于试验钢退火板的晶粒细化,铁素体尺寸为1-2μm,马氏体板条束的有效晶粒尺寸为0.2-1.5μm。细小的晶粒有利于阻碍位错的运动和增加裂纹扩展的阻力,从而提高了钢板的强度和塑韧性。     

碳含量对超低碳含钛冷轧搪瓷钢性能的影响

使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)检测和电化学氢渗透等手段研究了碳含量对超低碳搪瓷钢微观组织、退火板织构和氢渗透行为的影响。结果表明:随着碳含量的提高超低碳搪瓷钢的强度提高而n值的变化不大,断后伸长率和r值都呈减小的趋势;与r值相对应,退火板的γ织构随着碳含量的提高逐渐减弱。实验钢的氢扩散系数DL随着碳含量的提高而减小,碳含量低于0.004%时钢板的DL低于临界值,不能保证搪瓷板的抗鳞爆性能。     

低硅TRIP钢的力学性能及残余奥氏体稳定性研究

通过常温拉伸实验研究低SiTRIP钢的力学性能及其加工硬化特点,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段研究低SiTRIP钢在拉伸变形前后组织变化特别是残余奥氏体特性的变化。结果表明:低SiTRIP钢表现出良好的力学特性,没有屈服平台,低的屈强比,同时又拥有比双相钢更好的延伸率和均匀应变。TRIP钢的残余奥氏体的分布也影响着其稳定性,分布在铁素体晶内的残余奥氏体在拉伸变形后仍然存在。     

旋转加速喷丸处理18CrNiMo7-6钢的微观结构与力学性能

本研究首次采用一种高效率、低成本的大塑性变形技术——旋转加速喷丸技术(Rotationally accelerated shot peening)对正火后高温回火的18CrNiMo7-6钢进行表面纳米化处理,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、电子背散射衍射技术、硬度测试以及拉伸测试等对不同喷丸参数的样品进行了微观组织和力学性能的表征。结果表明,旋转加速喷丸能够成功地在材料表面制备出梯度结构,从样品表面到芯部具有明显的显微组织梯度和硬度梯度;调节喷丸速度可以有效地调控材料显微组织,长时间喷丸易萌生微裂纹;在喷丸速度为40m/s、喷丸时间为5min的条件下处理,样品的表面完好,屈服强度提高了57%,达到512 MPa。     

450~780 MPa系列双相钢扩孔性能实验

目的避免双相钢在成形过程中经常出现的翻边或扩孔开裂的问题,提高生产效率。方法以几种强度级别为450~780 MPa的双相钢为实验对象,测试材料的单向拉伸和扩孔性能,并从微观组织上分析影响双相钢强度和扩孔性能的因素。结果 450~780 MPa强度级别双相钢的屈服强度随铁素体晶粒尺寸的减小而增加,抗拉强度随马氏体体积分数的增加呈近似线性增加。双相钢的扩孔性能随着材料强度的提高呈下降的趋势。DP500与DP450和DP600相比,抗拉强度(579 MPa)居中,伸长率最高,但由于其马氏体形态和分布的差异,其扩孔性能反而最低。结论双相钢的扩孔性能会受到马氏体的含量、尺寸、形态和分布的影响,与材料强度和伸长率没有必然的关系,当马氏体呈颗粒状均匀分布时,具有更好的扩孔性能。     

Improved properties of dual-phase steel via pre-intercritical annealing treatment and thermal cycling

The synergistic effects of pre-intercritical annealing treatments and multiple heating to the two-phase region (followed by quenching) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dual-phase (DP) steel were studied. Intercritical annealing of ferritic-pearlitic, martensitic, and cold-rolled martensitic microstructures was investigated. The effects of tempering, austenitisation, grain growth, and recrystallisation were unravelled and an optimum holding time was characterised for each initial microstructure. Grain refinement by recrystallisation of cold-rolled martensitic microstructure resulted in the enhancement of tensile properties. Thermal cycling through multi-step intercritical annealing resulted in grain refinement and enhanced mechanical response. It was revealed that thermal cycling combined with the carefully controlled pre-intercritical microstructure could be simply used for the improvement of mechanical properties of DP steel.     

Role of arc mode in laser-metal active gas arc hybrid welding of mild steel

Arc mode plays an important role in joint characterizations of arc welding, but it has been seldom considered in laser-arc hybrid welding. This paper investigated the role of arc mode on laser-metal active gas (MAG) arc hybrid welding of mild steel. Three arc modes were employed, which were cold metal transfer (CMT), pulsed spray arc and standard short circuiting arc. Microtexture of the joints were observed and measured via electron back scattering diffraction (EBSD) system to reveal the effect of arc mode on microstructure. Mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated by tensile and Charpy V-notch impact tests. It was found that both the stability and mechanical properties of laser-CMT hybrid welding (LCHW) is the best, while those of laser-standard short circuiting arc welding (LSHW) is the worst. OM and EBSD results showed that the fraction of acicular ferrite and high-angle grain boundaries in fusion zone decreases gradually in the sequence of LCHW, laser-pulsed spray arc welding and LSHW, while the mean grain size increases gradually. Finally, the microstructure formation mechanisms and the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties were summarized by the loss of alloying element and the stirring effect in molten pool.     

低温临界区退火时间对22MnB5钢组织和性能的影响

为了研究22MnB5钢在退火过程中的组织演变规律,细化热冲压成形后马氏体板条束,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析技术和拉伸实验等方法,研究了不同低温临界区退火时间对22MnB5钢显微组织和力学性能的影响,并阐述了不均匀奥氏体在退火过程中的转变机制及合金元素对粒状珠光体形成的影响.研究表明,经低温临界区不同退火时间保温及随后等温处理后,得到不同的珠光体形态,在770℃保温0.5 h,并在700℃等温处理后,得到铁素体基体上分布颗粒状碳化物的粒状珠光体组织;随着临界区保温时间的延长,奥氏体转变逐渐均匀,使部分奥氏体在随后的等温过程中发生共析转变,得到多边形铁素体+片层状珠光体组织.粒状珠光体组织有利于细化淬火后的马氏体板条束,提高综合力学性能.     

Metallurgical and mechanical characterization of electron beam welded DP600 steel joints

Several new commercial advanced high-strength steels exhibit high strength and enhanced formability. These materials have the potential to affect cost and weight saving while improving performance. However, welding, by modifying the microstructure of the steel, has in general a detrimental effect on the mechanical properties of structural components. If high power density technologies are used, the result is that the mechanical properties of such kind of joints can be improved. This article presents a metallurgical and mechanical characterization of electron beam welded joints in advanced high-strength steel DP600. The experimental analysis was supported by a thermal numerical model obtained through the Sysweld^? code. Results show that mechanical properties of the electron beam welded joints are comparable with those of parent metal both in terms of static strength and ductility.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 18Cr–2Mo ferritic stainless steel thick plate

In this study, microstructure and mechanical properties of a friction stir welded 18Cr–2Mo ferritic stainless steel thick plate were investigated. The 5.4 mm thick plates with excellent properties were welded at a constant rotational speed and a changeable welding speed using a composite tool featuring a chosen volume fraction of cubic boron nitride (cBN) in a W–Re matrix. The high-quality welds were successfully produced with optimised welding parameters, and studied by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) and standard hardness and impact toughness testing. The results show that microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints are affected greatly, which is mainly related to the remarkably fine-grained microstructure of equiaxed ferrite that is observed in the friction stir welded joint. Meanwhile, the ratios of low-angle grain boundary in the stir zone regions significantly increase, and the texture turns strong. Compared with the base material, mechanical properties of the joint are maintained in a comparatively high level.     

高速车轮钢的组织韧化工艺及机理研究

为改善高速车轮钢韧性,从而提高高速车轮运行安全性,通过改变辗轧变形温度(tD)及踏面淬火温度(tQ),系统研究了热处理工艺对车轮钢力学性能的影响.采用光学、扫描电子显微(SEM)技术、电子背散射技术(EBSD)、定量金相技术等研究了车轮钢珠光体组织.试验结果表明:车轮钢韧性随着tD与tQ的降低而升高,强度变化不大;tD与tQ的降低导致奥氏体晶粒尺寸减小,同时得到细化的珠光体球团组织,是韧性优化的直接原因.进一步断口分析与EBSD分析表明,单个珠光体球团可形成一个解理面,且解理面滑移带终止于珠光体球团界,与珠光体球团内部小角度晶界相对应,可认为珠光体球团是车轮钢韧性的控制单元.     

Nucleus geometry and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded coated–uncoated DP automotive steels

In this study, mechanical properties of resistance spot welding of DP450 and DP600, galvanized and ungalvanized automotive sheets have been investigated. The specimens have been joined by resistance spot welding at different weld currents and times. Welded specimens have been examined for their mechanical, macrostructure and microstructure properties. Depending on the weld current and time, effects of zinc coating on tensile properties, microhardness values as well as microstructure nugget geometry and nucleus size ratio have been investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis has been used to investigate the phase that formed at the joint interface. Result of the experiment show that nugget diameter, indentation depth and tensile load-bearing capacity are affected by weld parameters. Coating prevents full joining at low parameters. Microhardness increased in heat-affected zone and weld metal.