硼氮化蓖麻油对菜籽油和矿物基础油摩擦学性能的影响

通过化学改性的方法在蓖麻油分子中引入硼、氮元素,合成出一种新型绿色润滑油添加剂硼氮化蓖麻油(简称BNC);采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察BNC对菜籽油和400SN矿物基础油摩擦学性能的影响,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)分析试球磨痕的表面形貌及磨斑表面的化学元素。结果表明:BNC对菜籽油基础油的抗磨减摩性能和极压性能明显优于400SN基础油,这可能是由于BNC分子极性较大,在菜籽油基础油中感受性较好。BNC能在一定程度上提高基础油的承载能力、极压能力和抗磨减摩能力,这可能是由于长链蓖麻油分子的载体作用、硼的缺电子性、氮的高反应活性在摩擦副表面形成复杂的化学反应膜后具有良好的抗磨减摩性能。EDS分析表明,BNC中的B、N功能元素在摩擦副表面有较多的沉积,说明添加剂中的B元素、N元素均参与了摩擦化学反应。     

硫代磷酸三苯酯在季戊四醇酯中摩擦学性能及作用机理的研究

使用四球试验机，Falex摩擦试验机，铁谱技术和俄歇电子能谱技术考察了硫代磷酸三苯酯（TPPT）在季戊四醇酯中的摩擦学性能，研究表明：硫代磷酸三苯酯是良好的极压添加剂，很小的添加量就能起到良好的抗极压作用；而起抗磨作用时，必须满足一定添加量的要求，这是因为TPPT是必须在一定的高温下才能起作用的添加剂，在极压试验条件下，因摩擦产生的温升比常磨试验要大，因此TPPT的感受性更好，文章最后对TPPT的作用机理也进行了一定的推测。     

轻度硫化植物油的摩擦学特性和生物降解性

研究了蓖麻油轻度硫化（加0．5％S、1％S,2％S和3％S）对其流变性能、低温性能、热氧化安定性及生物降解性的影响。结果表明：轻度硫化蓖麻油的粘度增加,粘度指数减小,倾点上升,碘值减小,硫含量增加。表明不饱和程度在减小;随着硫化的增加,抗磨作用加强;轻度硫化蓖麻油的热氧化安定性大大增加。但生物降解率随基础油硫含量增加而减小。     

合成酯基固体润滑脂的制备及生物降解性能研究

为减少轮缘与铁轨之间的摩擦,制备以己二酸二异辛酯为基础油的锂基固体润滑脂,对其滴点、锥入度、腐蚀性能、含水量、分油率、抗磨性能和降解性能进行测定,并对结构进行表征。研究结果表明:当异辛醇与己二酸的摩尔比为2.5∶1,带水剂用量为7 mL,催化剂用量为0.146 g,反应时间为60 min时,合成双酯的酯化率最高,达到99.13%。当双酯基础油为81%,稠化剂为14%,反应温度为105℃左右,反应时间为3 h,以及添加少量添加剂时,所制得的润滑脂性能最好,其滴点为196.5℃,锥入度为280.4×0.1 mm,最大无卡咬负荷为490 N。微生物降解实验表明,己二酸二异辛酯基础油和制得的润滑脂均具有一定的生物降解性,降解率分别为78.2%和69.6%。     

石墨和层状二硅酸钠的复配体系作为润滑脂添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

采用X射线衍射、红外光谱、激光粒度仪等对石墨和改性层状二硅酸钠粉体进行表征,应用均匀设计法设计石墨和层状二硅酸钠润滑脂添加剂复配体系,采用四球摩擦磨损机考察复配体系的摩擦学性能,应用分析软件对数据进行回归分析。结果表明:复配体系能够在一定程度上改善基础脂的抗磨减摩性能,在高负荷下效果尤其显著。在摩擦力作用下,复配体系和钢球表面作用形成了抗磨减摩性能良好的膜层;同时,二硅酸钠和石墨的层状结构在摩擦副相对滑动过程中易定向排列,变摩擦副之间的运动为添加剂内部的层间滑移,减小了摩擦阻力。拟合的回归方程能够较好地反映复配组合添加量和摩擦磨损的关系,计算结果与实验结果具有较好的一致性。     

The Tribological Performance of S-[2-(Acetamido) Benzothiazol-1-yl] N,N-Dioctyl Dithiocarbamate as an Additive in Rapeseed Oil

A new derivative of benzothiazol, S-[2-(acetamido) benzothiazol-1-yl] N,N-dioctyl dithiocarbamate, was synthesized. The tribological behavior of the synthesized compound as an additive in rapeseed oil was evaluated using a four-ball friction and wear tester, and compared with that of zinc butyloctyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) and zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate (ZDTC). The morphologies and elemental chemical states on the worn surfaces of the lubricated GCr15 steel were investigated by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biodegradability (fate) and microbial toxicity (effects) measurement of the additive were also performed. The results indicate that the compound possesses excellent load-carrying capacity, antiwear and friction-reducing properties as compared with rapeseed oil alone. The antiwear and friction reduction properties of the novel compound are similar to those of ZDDP and ZDTC; and its load-carrying capacity is similar to ZDTC, but is better than ZDDP. The excellent tribological behavior of the novel compound is attributed to chemical adsorption on and tribochemical reaction with the steel surface, with the generation of a surface protective film composed of FeS, FeSO₄, etc. Measurements of biodegradability and microbial toxicity show that the additive has high biodegradability, and microbial toxicity needed to be further lowered.     

烷基咪唑-螯合硼酸离子液体摩擦学性能

以1,3-二癸基咪唑为阳离子,双水杨酸螯合硼酸为阴离子开发一类新型的环境友好螯合硼酸酯-烷基咪唑离子液体n-DICB/i-DICB,采用四球试验机考察2种添加剂在三羟甲基丙烷三油酸酯(PETO)基础中的摩擦学性能,采用SEM、EDX和XANES分析磨损表面的形态和摩擦中形成的摩擦膜的化学成分。结果表明：n-DICB/i-DICB具有优异的综合摩擦学性能,可显著提高可生物降解基础油的减摩、抗磨和极压性能;i-DICB的减摩性能和极压性能优于n-DICB,质量分数2.5%的i-DICB可使PETO的摩擦因数和磨斑直径分别降低33.0%和22.1%,最大无卡咬负荷提高66.6%。摩擦过程中,n-DICB/i-DICB形成了由B₂O₃、Na₂B₄O₇、NaBO₃和BN等混合物组成的致密摩擦膜,这是离子液体具有优异的摩擦性能根本原因。     

Modification of the chemical structure of an environmentally‐friendly castor oil lubricant

Widely used mineral‐oil based lubricants are often released into the environment and cause pollution. Therefore importance is attached to developing environmentally‐friendly lubricants. Vegetable oils have been used as lubricants since ancient times. These materials, similar to synthetic esters, have better biodegradability than mineral oils. They are also renewable. Vegetable oils have some shortcomings, such as a higher pour point and a lower viscosity index than synthetic esters. They have a limited viscosity range and lower oxidative stability due to the presence of unsaturated bonds. Therefore vegetable oils as such cannot satisfy all the requirements of modern machine lubrication. In this paper, the chemical structure of natural castor oil is modified by an isomerisation reaction and by extending the carbon chain, so as to lower the pour point and improve the viscosity index. The results show that structurally modified castor oil has very good lubrication characteristics. Its viscosity at 40°C is 150 mm²/s, its pour point is −40°C, and its viscosity index is improved. The antiwear and friction characteristics are better than those of mineral oil of the same viscosity and comparable to pentaerythritol esters and diisocapryl sebacate.     

稀土化合物改性复合材料在油润滑下的摩擦学性能

以竹纤维为增强相,通过稀土化合物改性制备一种树脂基复合材料;采用环块式摩擦磨损实验,研究稀土化合物改性复合材料在油润滑状态下载荷、转速对试样摩擦学性能的影响,以及稀土化合物改性对复合材料试样摩擦学性能的影响;比较干摩擦状态和油润滑状态下复合材料的摩擦学性能,观察和分析试样磨损表面形貌,探讨其磨损机制。实验结果表明:油润滑条件下,稀土化合物改性复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率都随着载荷的增大而增加;较高载荷下摩擦因数随着转速的增大先增加后减小,而磨损率则呈现逐步增加的趋势;稀土化合物的改性使竹纤维和基体界面结合更为紧密,提高摩擦因数的同时降低了磨损率;在油润滑作用下,试样磨损由干摩擦时的磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损转变成为轻微的疲劳磨损;在油润滑状态下,复合材料处于边界润滑状态,故摩擦因数和磨损率均低于干摩擦。     

Additives for Rape Seed Oil 3: Synthesis and Tribological Behaviour of Boron‐Sulphur‐Modified Rape Seed Oil Lubricant Additive

A type of boron‐sulphur‐modified rape seed oil for use as a lubricant additive was prepared. The tribological properties of the additive in rape seed oil were evaluated using a friction tester. The morphologies and tribochemical species of the worn surfaces of the test balls were analysed by means of X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy. The results show that the additive is very good in increasing the load‐carrying capacity and improving the antiwear and friction‐reducing properties of a rape seed base oil. The inferred lubrication mechanism is that a high‐strength adsorption film and a tribochemical reaction film form on rubbing surfaces due to the carrier effect of the long‐chain fatty acid molecules, to the high reactivities of sulphur and boron, and to the electron deficiency of boron, and their synergism.     

硬脂酸修饰Sn纳米微粒的制备及摩擦学性能

为研究固体润滑剂软金属Sn作为润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能,采用原位表面修饰液相化学还原的方法制备了硬脂酸修饰Sn纳米微粒。通过XRD,TEM,FT-IR等分析手段对其形貌和结构进行了表征,在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了硬脂酸修饰Sn纳米微粒作为液体石蜡添加剂在不同添加量和不同施加载荷下的摩擦学性能。结果表明,所制备的纳米微粒具有四方晶型Sn的晶体结构,粒径细小,平均粒径5~10 nm,有机修饰层的存在能防止Sn纳米微粒被氧化。硬脂酸修饰Sn纳米微粒在中低负荷下作为润滑油添加剂具有良好的减摩抗磨性能,并且能够提高基础油液体石蜡的承载力。     

表面修饰氟化镧纳米粒子的制备及摩擦学性能研究

采用化学沉淀法以氟化物(NaF)和稀土氯化盐(LaCl3)为原料制备LaF3纳米粒子;采用透射显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对纳米粒子的结构和形貌进行表征及分析;用硅烷偶联剂KH550对其表面改性,在高速高温摩擦磨损试验机上研究改性后的LaF3纳米粒子添加到纯基础油中的摩擦学性能,分析其抗磨减摩机制。结果表明,LaF3纳米粒子添加到润滑油中能提高其摩擦学性能,起到减摩耐磨效果;摩擦过程中LaF3纳米粒子渗透到试件中,起到修复作用。     

废润滑油/再生润滑油的摩擦学性能

使用可见分光光度计初步评价实验室自主研发工艺处理得到再生润滑油的质量,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察再生润滑油的摩擦学性能并与废润滑油、新润滑油进行对比研究,借助扫描电子显微镜对磨斑表面形貌进行观察分析,对再生润滑油的抗磨减摩与润滑机制进行探讨。结果表明,废润滑油摩擦学性能严重下降,较新润滑油摩擦因数升高26%以上,磨斑直径增大58%以上;再生润滑油表现出了优良的减摩抗磨性能,较废润滑油摩擦因数能够降低25%,磨斑直径可减小50%左右,基本达到了新润滑油的水平。     

表面修饰Bi纳米微粒的制备及摩擦学性能

为研究低熔点金属纳米微粒作为润滑油抗磨添加剂的摩擦学性能,采用原位表面修饰液相化学还原的方法,制备了硬脂酸修饰B i纳米微粒,通过XRD,TEM,FT-IR等分析手段对其形貌和结构进行了表征,在四球摩擦磨损试验机上考察了所制备表面修饰B i纳米微粒添加在液体石蜡中的减摩抗磨性能。结果表明,所合成的纳米微粒具有斜方晶型B i的晶体结构,平均粒径10~20 nm,分散好,颗粒之间无团聚现象,有机修饰层的存在防止了B i纳米微粒的氧化。硬脂酸修饰B i纳米微粒在中低负荷下作为润滑油添加剂具有良好的减摩性能和较好的抗磨性。     

Additives for Rape Seed Oil 1: Preparation and Tribological Behaviour of a Sulphurised Rape Seed Oil Lubricant Additive

A new type of environmentally friendly lubricant additive ‐ a sulphurised rape seed oil additive ‐ was prepared, and the chemical structure characterised using infrared spectroscopy. The tribological properties of the additive in a rape seed base oil were evaluated using a friction tester. The morphologies and tribochemical species of worn surfaces were analysed by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that the additive increased the load‐carrying capacity and improved the antiwear and friction‐reducing properties of the rape seed oil. The inferred lubrication mechanism is that a high‐strength adsorption film and a tribochemical reaction film form on rubbing surfaces due to the carrier effect of the long‐chain rape seed oil molecules, the high reactivity of sulphur, and their synergism.