复杂机载电子系统故障综合诊断技术研究

故障综合诊断技术一直是复杂机载电子系统研发过程中的关键部分,当前的故障诊断技术同时需要机内测试（BIT）和场外自动化测试设备（ATE）的测试结果才能得出诊断结果,诊断效率低,时间长并且不能在线诊断。针对新一代战斗机将更加依赖航空电子系统的趋势,迫切需要一种诊断时间短,且能够实现在线诊断的故障诊断技术。因此,一种基于模型的故障诊断方法被提出。该方法通过融合多信号模型和整数编码故障字典模型,模块间采用多信号模型,单个模块中采用整数编码故障字典模型,克服了多信号模型对测试信息的浪费和整数编码故障字典模型建模困难的缺点,并提出一种多目标测试优选方法,通过优化检测方案,充分发挥BIT的检测性能。该方法通过充分使用BIT的测试信息,摆脱了对场外ATE的依赖,实现了在线快速定位故障并识别故障模式。     

基于马尔科夫预测的多传感器故障检测与诊断机制

随着无线传感器网络应用规模的不断扩大,各类应用中传感器故障检测与诊断成为系统正常作业、安全可靠性保障的关键技术。针对多传感器系统与节点工作过程定义3种状态,基于故障检测信息建立状态转移矩阵,通过马尔科夫模型预测传感器故障信息,为故障检测与诊断提供决策依据。另外,拓展数据包信息字段包括故障类型、节点定位等,故障处理后节点转移至正常状态后将故障处理和诊断特征等信息存储到网关或者汇聚节点,为改善故障检测精度和诊断效率以及系统资源利用率提供依据。实验结果表明：所提故障检测与诊断算法与传统算法相比,具有更高的故障检测精度,更短的故障诊断时延、能够准确判断故障类型等性能。     

中波广播发射台的一种扩充故障树诊断方法

针对某中波广播发射机台,利用故障树和故障字典方法相结合的新型故障诊断方法--扩充的故障树诊断技术实现了发射机的实时故障诊断功能,并建立了广播发射机故障树的拓扑结构,给出了故障字典的建立方法和故障诊断的具体实现过程,同时将该方法在Windows系统环境下采用Borland C 进行了编程实现.     

基于多故障模糊组的序贯多故障诊断方法

由于系统复杂性的显著提高,多故障发生的概率也逐渐增大;针对多故障诊断的困难性,提出一种序贯多故障诊断算法;算法以构建的单故障诊断树为基础,利用集合划分思想和多故障模糊组,并根据信息熵理论实现测试选择,逐渐扩展单故障诊断树,最终得到多故障诊断树;最后的系统实例详细阐述了序贯多故障诊断算法的应用过程,生成了多故障诊断树,可以有效地实现对系统多故障的检测.     

TPS自动生成平台上的模糊故障字典法

目前数字系统的故障诊断和测试性设计技术已经比较成熟,而模拟系统的故障诊断,尽管起步较早,但进展缓慢。这主要由于参数值的连续变化、反馈和非线性等原因,使得模拟系统的故障诊断相对比较复杂。目前已经提出了多种诊断方法,故障字典法即为其中的一种,它通常用于直流电路硬故障的诊断。由于故障因素和容差因素互相交迭,具有一定的模糊性,这给故障字典的应用带来一定的困难。提出了一种基于模糊故障字典的模拟电路故障诊断方法,用模糊故障字典取代传统的故障字典,适用于模拟电路单故障的故障诊断及故障隔离,便于计算机辅助诊断。     

Rollout strategy-based probabilistic causal model approach for the multiple fault diagnosis

Multiple fault diagnosis (MFD) is used as an effective measure to tackle the problems of real-shop floor environment for reducing the total lifetime maintenance cost of the system. It is a well-known computationally complex problem, where computational complexity increases exponentially as the number of faults increases. Thus, warrants the application of heuristic techniques or AI-based optimization tools to diagnose the exact faults in real time. In this research, rollout strategy-based probabilistic causal model (RSPCM) has been proposed to solve graph-based multiple fault diagnosis problems. Rollout strategy is a single-step iterative process, implemented in this research to improve the efficiency and robustness of probabilistic causal model. In RSPCM instead of finding all possible combinations of faults, collect the faults corresponding to each observed manifestations that can give the best possible result in compared to other methods. Intensive computational experiments on well-known data sets witness the superiority of the proposed heuristic over earlier approaches existing in the literature. From experimental results it can easily inferred that proposed methodology can diagnosed the exact fault in the minimum fault isolation time as compared to other approaches.     

模拟电路故障字典开发平台

针对模拟电路板故障诊断和维修中存在的困难,引入基于故障字典法的模拟电路故障字典开发平台,该平台集成了电路模型图形化输入、元器件故障自动插入、交流频率自动选取、诊断测试点优选等关键技术,通过对电路的自动仿真与数据分析实现了模拟电路故障诊断用故障字典的自动生成;通过结合实际模拟电路板验证表明,应用陔平台可有效避免传统依赖人工分析进行故障诊断遇到的各种难题,对提高模拟电路板故障诊断效率以及实现模拟电路板的自动测试都具有重要意义。     

模拟电路故障诊断仪的设计

提出一种实用的分层故障字典诊断模型。首先进行子网络撕裂，缩小字典规模，随后运用交流故障字典法划分故障模糊集，最后运用直流故障字典法定位故障元件。该诊断模型有效地克服了传统故障字典方法中字典规模过于庞大的缺点。并且便于实现模拟电路的自动测试，故障定位准确率高。文中同时阐述了算法的应用和软硬件设计要点，并在某高炮控制系统模拟电路故障诊断中得到了应用。     

Generalized grouped contributions for hierarchical fault diagnosis with group Lasso

In process industries, it is necessary to conduct fault diagnosis after abnormality is found, with the aim to identify root cause variables and further provide instructive information for maintenance. Contribution plots along with multivariate statistical process monitoring are standard tools towards this goal, which, however, suffer from the smearing effect and high diagnostic complexity on large-scale processes. In fact, process variables tend to be naturally grouped, and in this work, a novel fault identification strategy based on group Lasso penalty along with a hierarchical fault diagnosis scheme is proposed by leveraging group information among variables. By introducing the group Lasso as a regularization approach, groups of irrelevant variables tend to yield exactly zero contributions collectively, which help find the exact root cause, alleviate the smearing effect, and furnish clear diagnostic information for process practitioners. For online computational convenience, an efficient numerical solution strategy is also presented. Besides, it turns out that the proposed approach also applies to dynamic monitoring models with lagged measurements augmented, thereby enjoying widespread generality. Its effectiveness is evaluated on both the Tennessee Eastman benchmark process and a pilot-scale experiment apparatus.     

基于小波包神经网络的传感器故障诊断方法

讨论了小波包神经网络在传感器故障诊断中的应用问题.文中提出了将小波包分解提取各个节点特征能量与RBF神经网络进行模式分类的传感器故障诊断方法.通过三层小波包分解得到各个节点的分解系数,通过一定的削减算法使得故障的瞬态信号的特征得到加强,再根据重构的时域信号计算各个节点对应的能量,作为特征向量训练RBF神经网络.通过各种故障模式特征数据的训练,RBF网络具有了传感器故障诊断的功能.最后,通过工业锅炉流量传感器数据对训练之后的RBF神经网络进行检验,验证了这种方法的实用性和有效性.     

RMINE: A Rough Set Based Data Mining Prototype for the Reasoning of Incomplete Data in Condition-based Fault Diagnosis

Condition-based fault diagnosis aims at identifying the root cause of a system malfunction from vast amount of condition-based monitoring information and knowledge. The needs of extracting knowledge from vast amount of information have spurred the interest in data mining, which can be categorized into two stages data preparation and knowledge extraction. It has been established that most of the current data mining approaches to fault diagnosis focus on the latter stage. In reality, condition-based monitoring data may, most of the time, contain incomplete, or missing data, which have an adverse effect on the knowledge or diagnostic rules extracted. Several approaches to deal with missing data can be found in literature. Unfortunately, all of which have serious drawbacks. In this paper, a novel approach to the treatment of incomplete data is proposed for the data preparation stage, while a rough set based approach has been developed to pre-process the data for the extraction of diagnostic rules. The two-stage data mining technique is implemented into a prototype system, RMINE, which also possesses a self-learning ability to cope with the changing condition-based data. A real industrial case study of a pump system is used to demonstrate the fault diagnosis process using RMINE. The result has shown the potential of RMINE as a general data mining prototype to condition-based fault diagnosis.     

知识存储与诊断专家系统在低温系统中的应用

为实现EAST低温系统的智能故障诊断,提出一种基于故障树的低温系统知识存储与诊断专家系统。根据故障树模型的结构,设计知识在关系型数据库中的分级存储方式。应用故障树分析法进行故障建模与诊断推理,结合可靠性因子辅助不确定性推理,并以实例说明推理算法。模拟诊断结果表明,该系统具有友好的人机接口,运行稳定且诊断结果及时可靠。     

Adaptive fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control of MIMO nonlinear uncertain systems

This article presents an integrated fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control (FTC) methodology for a class of nonlinear multi-input–multi-output systems. Based on the fault information obtained during the diagnostic procedure, an FTC component is designed to compensate for the effect of faults. In the presence of a fault, a baseline controller guarantees the boundedness of all the system signals until the fault is detected. After fault detection and then again after isolation, the controller is reconfigured to improve the tracking performance using online fault diagnostic information. Under certain assumptions, the stability and tracking performances of the closed-loop system are rigorously investigated. It is shown that the system signals always remain bounded and the output tracking error converges to a neighbourhood of the origin of the state space.     

基于经验模态分解和支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断

本文针对滚动轴承的故障诊断问题,首先提出一种自适应波形匹配的延拓方法对经验模态分解(EMD)存在的端点效应进行改进,然后基于改进的EMD和粒子群优化算法(PSO)优化的支持向量机(SVM)设计了一种两阶段的滚动轴承故障诊断方法.离线阶段对典型的正常、故障振动信号进行EMD分解并提取能量信息作为特征,送入PSO–SVM进行训练并保存模型待用,在线阶段对实时的振动信号进行EMD分解并提取特征,利用离线阶段训练好的模型进行诊断并输出诊断结果.使用美国西储大学轴承数据对该方法进行了验证,实验结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

基于节点导纳矩阵的模拟电路故障诊断

针对模拟电路故障诊断中的容差问题,提出了基于节点导纳矩阵(NAM)的模拟电路故障诊断方法;该方法以NAM为基础,提取被测电路(CUT)的故障特征向量;测试前,用仿真的方法生成被测电路中某一故障对应的故障样本子集,所有类别的故障样本子集构成故障样本集;测试时,测量被测电路的故障特征向量,并根据其与故障样本集中样本的相似性来判断电路发生的故障类型;由于电路的NAM对元件容差不敏感,所以可以很好地克服模拟电路故障诊断中的容差问题;实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

运行控制系统集中式容错控制方法

本文针对运行控制系统,建立了运行优化控制过程的双层结构模型.在此基础上,通过建立相应的自适应故障诊断算法,提出了保证在系统有故障和干扰时仍能渐近优化指标的集中式容错控制方法,利用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论分析了自适应故障诊断算法的构建.已证明:该方法通过调整已优化的设定值来保证在回路控制层出现故障时整个运行控制仍可收敛到其原有的优化控制效果.该方法属于非完备容错控制,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性.     

基于GRU网络的电网故障诊断方法研究

为了提高电网故障诊断的效率和准确性,提出一种基于GRU(Gated Recurrent Unit,GRU)网络的单相接地故障诊断模型.南方电网数据验证结果表明,基于GRU网络的电网故障诊断模型能够有效诊断单相接地故障,诊断准确率可以达到91.9％.     

非线性模拟电路的故障诊断方法

为了诊断非线性模拟电路中的故障,提出了一种基于节点电压增量线性相关性原理的诊断方法.通过对非线性元件的分段线性建模,说明故障造成的节点电压增量满足分段线性相关性.以节点电压平面上的折线作为故障特征构造故障字典,以实测工作点到故障特征折线的距离来衡量电路状态与故障特征的符合程度,可以诊断非线性电路中元件参数的软故障和硬故障.实例验证表明,该方法是一种易于计算机实现的实用化方法.     

基于专家知识和模糊推理的大科学装置故障诊断方法

针对大科学装置技术综合、结构复杂、系统庞大,在故障诊断方面面临的故障机理不清楚,难以建立精确的数学模型;诊断信息不完整、不精确,难以进行确定性推理;诊断数据受限,无法实现数据驱动等诸多问题。提出了基于专家知识和模糊推理相结合的故障诊断方法和模式匹配算法,通过模糊因子的引入和基于数据库的模糊诊断知识可视化建模方法的使用,解决了故障诊断环节的诸多不确定性问题,形成了面向用户的模糊专家系统故障诊断基础平台,并在某大型激光驱动装置测试验证平台中得到初步应用,实现了电气驱动及控制系统故障的智能诊断。     

基于贝叶斯模型的IP网拥塞链路诊断算法

通过端到端路径的性能判断IP网络运行状态的方法可以以较小的代价诊断网络故障,但目前已有的端到端技术仍然存在两个主要问题：1)端到端的探测数量不足以准确定位每条链路的拥塞状态;2)随着网络规模的扩大,诊断所消耗的计算时间过长,无法达到实时性的要求。为解决以上问题,提出一种基于贝叶斯模型的高效拥塞链路诊断算法。所提算法将拥塞定位问题建立成贝叶斯模型,将模型进行二次化简,并限制了同时发生拥塞的链路个数,从而在保证一定准确度的基础上大大降低了推理的计算复杂度。通过仿真与Planetlab实验将所提算法与Clink算法进行了对比,实验结果证明,所提算法具有更高的诊断准确度和更短的诊断时间。