腐殖酸改性聚丙烯酸高吸水性树脂制备及性能研究

以丙烯酸(AA)为单体,腐殖酸(HA)为改性剂,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,采用表面交联法制备腐殖酸改性聚丙烯酸树脂.在腐殖酸用量、交联剂用量、甲醇/水体积比、反应温度等参数的优化条件下,制得了腐殖酸改性聚丙烯酸高吸水性树脂,树脂吸水倍率达1093 g/g,吸盐水倍率达99.2 g/g.     

GG-g-PAA／SH高吸水性树脂的制备与缓释性能研究

以天然瓜尔胶（GG）、丙烯酸（AA）和腐植酸钠（SH）为原料,过硫酸铵为引发剂,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了环境友好的多功能瓜尔胶接枝聚丙烯酸／腐植酸钠（GG-g—PAA／SH）高吸水性树脂。考察了腐植酸钠含量对树脂吸水性能的影响,评价了树脂在沙土中的实际保水性能、反复溶胀性能和腐植酸钠肥料缓释性能。结果表明,在体系中引入廉价的腐植酸钠,不但降低生产成本,还能提高树脂的吸水能力,当腐植酸钠含量为15wt％时,高吸水性树脂吸蒸馏水和生理盐水的倍率分别为532g／g和62g／g。在沙土中加入高吸水性树脂能显著提高其保水性能,30d后仍能保持13％的水分。此外,GG-g-PAA／SH高吸水性树脂还具有较优的反复溶胀性能和腐植酸钠肥料缓释功能,可用作兼具吸水、保水和缓释性能的新型节水材料。     

腐植酸钾-凹凸棒-聚丙烯酸复合树脂的吸液性能

以过硫酸钠-亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂,N,N’-亚甲基丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用静态溶液聚合制备了腐殖酸钾-凹凸棒-聚丙烯酸复合吸水树脂。研究了凹凸棒、腐殖酸钾对复合吸水树脂吸蒸馏水倍率、吸盐水倍率以及吸水速率的影响,并对比了各种复合吸水树脂的吸液性能。     

反相悬浮聚合法制备腐殖酸高吸水性树脂进展

反相悬浮聚合法制备腐殖酸-聚丙烯酸高吸水性树脂(HA-PAA),论述了高吸水性树脂的结构及复合机理,阐明了高吸水性树脂的应用领域。腐植酸树脂具有良好的吸附、吸水、降滤失和抗温、抗盐性能,得到了广泛的应用。随着腐植酸树脂研究的进展,其应用前景将更加广阔。     

PAA-AM-AMPS与PAA-AM高吸水性树脂的合成及保水性能

利用水溶液聚合法合成了聚丙烯酸系高吸水性高保水性树脂,其吸水倍率均在800 g/g以上,且在50 min内吸水饱和。研究了共聚单体和交联剂用量对树脂加压保水能力和恒温保水能力的影响。研究结果表明,树脂恒压放置7 d后保水率均在30%以上,保水能力随丙烯酰胺用量增加先增大后减小,随交联剂MBA用量增加先增大后减小。同时,PAA-AM-AMPS在沙土中恒温50℃时放置7 h后,保水率为75.5%,说明树脂能提高沙土的饱和含水量,有效地改良沙土的保水能力,为沙漠保水提供有效的保水剂。     

复合高吸水性树脂的制备及其性能的研究

高吸水性树脂是一种新型多功能高分子材料,由于其具有独特的吸水保水性能,高吸水树脂在农林园艺、卫生用品、沙漠绿化及建筑等多个领域具有广泛的应用。传统的高吸水树脂主要由有机分子直接合成,这类树脂虽然吸水率高,但具有耐盐性差、吸水凝胶强度低和合成成本高等缺点,通过加入无机矿物质可大大提高树脂的性能。本文采用溶液聚合的方法,以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作为交联剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺为反应单体,制备出复合高吸水性树脂。研究了高岭土添加量,丙烯酰胺用量,交联剂用量,引发剂用量对树脂的吸水率的影响,同时还考察了保水性能,并对复合高吸水性树脂进行了红外表征。     

HA/AA-UREA缓释保水剂的制备

以腐殖酸(HA)、中和度75%的丙烯酸(AA)、尿素(UREA)为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备具有互穿网络结构的功能性缓释保水材料。并采用FTIR、SEM、DSC和压力势法等对产物的结构和性能进行表征和测试,探讨了单体配比、尿素用量、反应温度、引发剂用量及交联剂用量对产品吸水性能及缓释性能的影响。结果表明:在聚合温度为80℃、引发剂用量为1%(即其质量占单体AA质量的百分数,下同)、交联剂用量为0.2%、HA用量为14.3%、UREA用量为50%的条件下,制得的高吸水性树脂吸自来水能力最高可达310 g/g,且具有良好的保水性能,可利用水分占总吸水量的93.81%,氮元素28 d累积释放率71.50%。     

HA/AA-UREA缓释保水剂的制备

以腐殖酸(HA)、部分中和的丙烯酸(AA)、尿素(UREA)为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备具有互穿网络结构的功能性缓释保水材料。并采用FTIR、SEM、DSC和压力势法等对产物的结构和性能进行表征和测试,探讨了单体配比、尿素用量、反应温度、引发剂用量及交联剂用量对产品吸水性能及缓释性能的影响。结果表明: 在聚合温度为80℃、引发剂的质量分数为1% (相对单体AA的质量,下同)、交联剂的质量分数为0.2%、HA的质量分数为20%、UREA的质量分数为50%时,制得高吸水性树脂吸自来水能力最高可达310g/g,且具有良好的保水性能,可利用水分占总吸水量的93.81%,氮元素30天累计释放71.50%。     

聚丙烯酸高吸水树脂的合成及性能研究

采用水溶液聚合法,以丙烯酸为单体、N,N,-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、过硫酸钾为引发剂,合成聚丙烯酸高吸水树脂,对合成产物的吸水倍率、保水性能及重复吸水能力进行研究。结果表明,交联剂用量为0.1%、中和度80%、引发剂用量为1.5%时合成的聚丙烯酸树脂具有较高的吸水性能,吸水倍率可达416.72,树脂保水和重复吸水性能良好。     

聚丙烯酸钠高吸水剂的合成和性能评价

以丙烯酸（从）共聚单体,分别以过硫酸钾（KPS）和N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（NMBA）为引发剂和交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法合成聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性树脂。评价了SAP在蒸馏水的吸水速率及SAP在水中的保水能力。探讨了单体浓度（M）、引发剂浓度（I）、交联剂浓度（C）、聚合温度（℃）对SAP在自来水中吸水倍率的影响。结果表明：在AA浓度为40％：交联剂N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺质量分数为单体总量的0．035％;引发剂质量分数为0．10％;聚合温度为80℃;合成得到的高吸水性树脂吸蒸馏水率达到1050g／g。     

聚丙烯酸钠/高岭土复合高吸水性树脂的制备、结构与性能

以丙烯酸和高岭土为原料,用反相悬浮聚合法合成了聚丙烯酸钠/高岭土复合高吸水性树脂。研究了加入高岭土的聚丙烯酸钠复合高吸水性树脂合成中反应温度、中和度、交联剂用量、引发剂用量、高岭土添加量等影响树脂吸水性能的主要因素。结果表明,用反相悬浮聚合法合成的复合高吸水性树脂后处理容易,树脂的吸水率达到512g/g,吸盐水率达到81g/g,吸水速度比不加高岭土提高20%,保水能力提高15%,在250℃加热30min仍能保持原吸水率的95%。用IR和TEM研究了复合高吸水性树脂的表面和结构,TEM显示高岭土的加入对树脂颗粒大小和形状有较大的影响,IR初步表明聚丙烯酸与高岭土产生了交联。     

真空制备木薯淀粉超吸水材料

采用真空技术成功制备了一种木薯淀粉（CS）-g-丙烯酸（AA）超吸水材料。在AA与cS质量比2．5：l,过硫酸钾0．07g,30％wt氢氧化钠水溶液中和度（摩尔比）20％,N,N’-弧甲基双丙烯酰胺0．14％（占AA重）条件下,65℃真空恒温反应3h,干燥后得超吸水材料（cs．SAP）。一定温度湿度条件下,不同形状CS—SAP吸液能力及保水性能有一定差别,保留4％凝胶残重的材料保水时间最长可达28d：材料吸去离予水倍率高达1316．8（g／g）、自来水673．1（g／g）、0．9％NaCI水溶液54．8（g／g）、人工尿液63．0（g／g）。接枝反应及材料吸水结构经FTIR．SEM,PM表征。     

腐殖酸-聚丙烯酸包衣尿素的制备及其性能研究

以腐植酸和丙烯酸为原料,通过水溶液聚合反应,合成了一种交联型腐植酸-聚丙烯酸保水性缓释肥包膜材料并应用于包衣尿素的制备。腐植酸质量分数为10%时,材料具有最大吸水率:675 g/g(去离子水),524 g/g(自来水),包衣尿素的氮素释放率为12.0%(24 h),59.0%(28 d)。     

Proton conductivity and methanol permeability of sulfonated poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes modified by using sulfoacetic acid and poly(acrylic acid)

Sulfonated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) for use as a proton conductive membrane in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was prepared by reacting the PVA with sulfoacetic acid and poly(acrylic acid). The effects of the amount of sulfoacetic acid and poly(acrylic acid) on proton conductivity, methanol permeability, water uptake, and ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the sulfonated PVA membranes were investigated by using impedance analysis, gas chromatography, gravimetric analysis, and titration techniques, respectively. The water uptake of the membranes decreased with the amount of the sulfoacetic acid and the amount of poly(acrylic acid) used. The proton conductivity and the IEC values of the membranes initially increased and then decreased with the amount of the sulfoacetic acid. The methanol permeability of the sulfonated PVA membranes decreased continuously with the amount of the sulfoacetic acid. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Influence of the COOH and COONa groups and crosslink density of poly(acrylic acid)/montmorillonite superabsorbent composite on water absorbency

A novel poly(acrylic acid)/montmorillonite superabsorbent composite with a water absorbency of 1100 times its own weight was synthesized by the graft copolymerization of acrylic acid with a cross‐linking agent in the presence of montmorillonite ultrafine powder. The influence of the amount of crosslinker and montmorillonite on water absorbency has been investigated. It was found that a crosslinker concentration of 0.03 wt% and 30 wt% montmorillonite gave the best results. The collaborative absorbent effect of sodium carboxylate and carboxylic acid groups was superior to that of sodium carboxylate or carboxylic acid groups alone, and the composite with a ratio of about 2/3 for sodium carboxylate to carboxyl acid groups possessed the highest water absorbence. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

新型改性高吸水树脂P(AA-AM)的合成及性能评价

以N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺为原料,合成出原位自交联高吸水树脂P(AA-AM)。通过正交实验得出最佳合成工艺为:n(丙烯酸)∶n(丙烯酰胺)=4.5∶1,单体浓度5%,中和度70%,交联剂0.12%,引发剂0.30%(以上均相对AM、AA总量而言);产物的最大吸液性能为:吸蒸馏水最大倍率QW=2 152.4 g/g,吸10%盐水最大倍率Q盐水=28.5 g/g;由于引入适量的AM,产物吸水率和吸盐率得到大幅度的提高,产物形态由最初的粘接颗粒变成分散颗粒。     

反相悬浮法制备粘土复合高吸水性树脂

以丙烯酸和蒙脱土为主要原料,采用反相悬浮法合成了聚丙烯酸钠/蒙脱土复合高吸水性树脂,研究了交联剂用量、蒙脱土用量等因素对树脂吸液性能的影响,确定了最佳实验条件,在此条件下制备的复合树脂对去离子水和0.9%NaC l水溶液的吸水率分别为800g/g和92g/g,适量蒙脱土的加入可提高吸水性树脂的保水性能,FTIR初步表明蒙脱土与聚丙烯酸钠之间发生了交联反应。     

Study on superabsorbent composites. XVIII. Preparation,characterization, and property evaluation of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide)/organomontmorillonite/sodium humate superabsorbent composites

A series of novel multifunctional poly (acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) (PAA‐AM)/organomontmorillonite (O‐MMT)/sodium humate (SH) superabsorbent composites were synthesized by the graft copolymerization reaction of partially neutralized acrylic acid and acrylamide on O‐MMT micropowder and SH with N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate as an initiator in an aqueous solution. The superabsorbent composites were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of the relative weight ratio of SH to O‐MMT on the water absorbency was studied, and the results indicated that the best water absorbency of 591 g/g in distilled water was obtained when an O‐MMT content of 20 wt % and an SH content of 30 wt % were incorporated. The superabsorbent composite possessed a good capacity for water retention; even after 30 days, 24.4 wt % of water could still be saved by the sand soil containing 1.0 wt % superabsorbent composite. The results from this study show that the water absorbency of a superabsorbent composite is improved by the simultaneous introduction of O‐MMT and SH into a PAA‐AM network in comparison with the incorporation of only O‐MMT or SH. Also, in comparison with PAA‐AM/MMT/SH, an appropriate amount of O‐MMT can benefit the developed composites with respect to their water absorbency, salt resistance, and capacity for water retention in sand soil. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

耐盐保水剂的合成及其性能

以丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和甲基烯丙基聚氧乙烯醚(HPEG-2400)为单体, 以过硫酸铵(APS)和亚硫酸氢钠为引发剂, N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)为交联剂, 采用溶液聚合法制备了耐盐性能较好的高吸水性新型保水剂, 并用FTIR对保水剂进行表征。研究了不同单体配比、交联剂用量、中和度及温度等因素对其保水性能的影响。实验结果表明:当固定引发剂质量分数为1%, 单体质量比为AA:AMPS:HPEG-2400=10:3:4, 交联剂质量分数为0.02%, 中和度为60%, 温度为60℃时, 合成得到的保水剂在1%氯化钾溶液中的吸水能力达201g/g, 对去离子水吸水能力达1787g/g。     

Preparation of a kaolinite–poly(acrylic acid acrylamide) water superabsorbent by photopolymerization

A novel kaolinite–poly(acrylic acid acrylamide) water superabsorbent with a water absorbency and salt solution absorbency of 433 and 108 g/g, respectively, was successfully synthesized by the photopolymerization of acrylic acid with acrylamide in the presence of kaolinite powder under 30 min of ultraviolet irradiation at room temperature. The results showed a synergetic effect of the mixed photoinitiators (Michler's ketone and benzophenone) on the water absorbency, and the incorporation of less than 10 wt % kaolinite into the water superabsorbent slightly improved the water absorbency and salt solution absorbency and obviously upgraded the water retention, as demonstrated by retention testing as well as thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the structure of the kaolinite composite superabsorbent. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 2875–2881, 2006