一种低仰角跟踪的新方法

探讨了一种新的低仰角跟踪技术,这一技术的关键是采用俯仰偏焦双波束.天线视线指向目标和目标像的中点时,根据基于两接收天线输出电压的相位差可计算出目标的高度或仰角.本文给出了误差分析和计算机仿真结果,并同其它类似的技术进行了比较.仿真结果表明:这一技术是有效的,并对反射系数在K=0.6～1之间有较好的适应性.     

利用定向观测量估计飞机目标的运动

本文介绍了空对空跟踪情况下估计强机动飞机目标运动的一种新方案。研制了一种相互作用滤波器系统,该系统根据目标视线角数据,通过调节运动状态滤波器的估值,提供改善了的目标运动状态估值。设想以与光电跟踪器一起使用的图形识别技术来提供目标的方向信息。目标定向滤波器通过用当前目标运动的最佳估值对测得的视线角进行统计加权来处理视线角的观测值。应用空气动力学升力方程来建立近似攻击角与目标速度和加速度的关系,也研究了飞机目标法向加速度的新颖统计模型,以便更好地表示未知目标的加速度。为评价相互作用滤波器系统的性能,还提供了真实三维情况的仿真结果。     

捷联末制导系统的控制与滤波模型研究

以半捷联寻的制导武器为对象,研究了捷联末制导系统中的捷联控制算法和制导信息滤波模型。首先分析了捷联末制导系统的工作原理,给出了捷联天线稳定平台的跟踪控制算法,然后针对捷联控制算法对目标视线角信息的需求,考虑仅有角度测量的被动制导情况,提出了一种基于M arkov随机模型的机动目标跟踪模型,通过推广Kalm an滤波技术可以获得目标视线角的估计。因为捷联末制导系统无法直接测量目标视线角速度,为了满足弹上比例导引的需要,提出了一个末制导系统角跟踪通道的数学模型,该模型可以采用常规的Kalm an滤波算法获得目标视线角速度的估计值。最后,通过一系列数学仿真验证了上述方法的有效性。     

半捷联稳定控制方案与制导信息提取方法

在现代战术导弹末制导系统中,捷联稳定方案在成本、体积方面与传统的陀螺稳定方案相比具有明显优势,是战术导弹导引头的发展方向,其技术核心是数学稳定平台和捷联稳定算法.研究了半捷联末制导系统中数字稳定平台的控制算法和制导信息提取方法,给出了一套适于工程实现的数字稳定控制算法和相应的目标视线角速度信息获取算法.首先探讨了捷联稳定控制原理,然后提出了一种数字稳定平台的实现算法和目标视线角及视线角速度等制导信息的解算方法,为了克服传感器精度和微分运算不理想所造成的视线角速度计算精度不足,又给出了一种基于导弹-目标角跟踪模型的目标视线角速度滤波模型,最后通过数学仿真验证了上述方法的有效性.     

基于SCKF算法的空间机动目标跟踪研究

针对空间机动目标快速跟踪问题,建立了考虑J2项摄动和目标在线机动的系统状态模型和天基仅测角观测模型,通过对比研究采用了一种平方根容积卡尔曼滤波方法进行目标跟踪。针对空间目标共面机动和异面机动等不同机动方式,研究了SCKF算法在不同机动方式下的跟踪性能。仿真结果表明,在机动能力相同的情况下,轨道面内的机动较轨道异面机动更容易使滤波器发散;通过4种机动方式比较研究,SCKF滤波器对轨道坐标系中横向机动最为敏感,而沿探测器与目标的视线方向机动最易被再次稳定跟踪。     

基于雷达和成像传感器的融合跟踪

基于战术防空导弹的跟踪制导问题提出了一种利用雷达和成像传感器的融合跟踪方法。成像传感器获得的目标姿态观测，对目标机动十分敏感，而成像传感器得到和目标视线角观测十分精确，不存在角闪烁现象，数据融合技术充分利用了雷达和成顺的观测信息，显著地改善了机动目标的跟踪性能，大大减小了目标机动引起的脱靶量。     

基于半角机构的反射镜光电平台测角研究

偏仰两轴反射镜光电平台通过控制光路中反射镜的转动实现视线的角位置跟踪。实时测量视线和视轴的角误差是完成角位置跟踪的前提。传统的光电稳定平台将探测成像系统安装在稳定平台上,所以目标像在图像平面中的脱靶量等于视线角误差。反射镜光电平台采用探测成像系统和平台分离的结构形式且光路发生折转,使得目标脱靶量不再等于视线角误差。基于光学反射定律和等距坐标变换,对反射镜光电平台的视线角误差计算进行了研究,得到目标脱靶量和视线角误差的映射关系,并且可以将其近似为关于外框架角的旋转变换。通过数值仿真和样机实验验证了分析结果的正确性。     

导引头随动系统中信号处理延迟的影响及其补偿算法

新体制导引头的信号处理方式越来越复杂,造成了非常明显的信号处理延迟,这种纯延迟环节又严重影响着导引头随动系统的跟踪能力.首先采用相位裕度的概念定量分析了延迟大小对随动系统带宽的影响,然后针对目标、导弹、导引头空间运动关系的特点,介绍了一种基于机动目标"当前"统计模型和自适应Kalman预测滤波的探测器信号处理延迟补偿方案,采用探测器输出的跟踪误差和电位器输出的角度信息重构视线运动量测值,利用Kalman滤波获得当前时刻视线角位置的最优估计,进而得到当前时刻跟踪误差的预测值,取代被延迟的跟踪误差进行随动系统的闭环控制,仿真表明本方案有效可行.     

空间目标相对运动角参数的天基光学测量方法

利用在轨光学相机对空间目标进行跟踪测量,目标相对运动角参数的测量精度决定了空间目标的定轨精度.针对轴系定向原理精度差、天文定向运算量大等问题.提出了基于星图识别的天基光学定向算法.根据空间目标及参考恒星在相机焦平面上成像角的位置关系.利用参考恒星的惯性天球坐标确定目标相对视线的惯性空间角(赤经、赤纬);建立了目标视线角...     

基于时间分割技术的相控阵雷达空域监视方法

基于雷达监视空域和相控阵雷达时间分割技术,给出了相控阵雷达空域搜索的基本应用方法和特例,并从法线方向跟踪、不同数据率目标跟踪、多通道跟踪、偏角跟踪等4个方面,提出了空域目标跟踪的应用方法,实验验证表明,这些方法在任务中均得到了较好的应用.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks