A Single Input-Multiple Output Time Reversal UWB Communication System

Time reversal is a promising technique for the improvement of UWB communication systems. Intersymbol interference (ISI) limits the system performance in such wireless systems. This paper presents a general ISI analysis for time reversal UWB communication systems. The time reversal UWB system gives good performance for rates below the coherence bandwidth but at higher data rates the performance of the system is limited by intersymbol interference and bit error rate saturates even for high signal-to-noise ratio. To mitigate the ISI effects, a single input/multiple output (SIMO) time reversal UWB system is used and its performance is analyzed. It is shown that by using a SIMO TR transceiver, ISI reduces and the system capacity increases. Transmitted signal power at SIMO time reversal decreases, therefore in low data rate SISO performance is better than SIMO, But in high rate scenario, SIMO TR suppresses the ISI better than the SISO TR and its performance is better than SISO TR. It is possible to compensate the reduced power by using a receiver with more sensitivity.     

基于块对角化的格基规约GMD矢量预编码

研究了对多用户多输入多输出下行链路进行块对角化后,使用格基规约算法的几何均值分解矢量预编码的实现方法。根据块对角化思想将多用户多天线信道分解为等价并行子信道,基于等价子信道给出了单个用户的几何均值分解矢量预编码的传输方案,通过使用格基规约算法分别结合连续干扰消除和垂直分层空时编码两种方法,求解矢量预编码中的扰动矢量。仿真表明,提出的方法误码率性能优于块对角化矢量预编码算法2 dB以上,而且能在不降低系统性能的前提下降低计算复杂度。     

UWB for multi-gigabit/s communications beyond 60 GHz

The recently allocated 71–76 GHz and 81–86 GHz bands provide an opportunity for realizing Line Of Sight (LOS) links for directional point-to-point “last mile” applications. An efficient use of this spectrum may allow wireless to finally “catch up” with wires, leading to systems such as “multi-Gigabit wireless Ethernet,” and “wireless fiber.” However, the transmission at such a frequency range is characterized by several additional challenges compared to lower frequency bands, from both technological and propagation point of view, which makes difficult to use them efficiently. In this scenario, IR (Impulse Radio) UWB (Ultra Wide Band) technology might offer some more degrees of freedom for the design of a highly integrated and low cost transceiver. This work has at its core the design and BER (Bit Error Rate) performance evaluation of an IR-UWB architecture based on an 85 GHz up-conversion stage of train of Gaussian pulses having duration lower than 1 ns. Finally, we compare performance of this architecture with the ones of a more traditional continuous wave communications system with FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) modulation. Simulation results show that BER performance, in presence of RF non-linearities, for an IR-UWB transceiver architecture operating at 85 GHz (with same data rate and bandwidth) are better than a coherent BFSK scheme working in a similar scenario. Finally, some conclusions are reported, pointing out the UWB antenna design and the future works related to the modeling of the channel at frequencies beyond 60 GHz and the implementation of the test bed.     

A Dual-Antenna Phased-Array UWB Transceiver in 0.18-μm CMOS

A dual-antenna ultra-wideband (UWB) transceiver in 0.18-mum CMOS for mode-1 OFDM applications employs the techniques of antenna diversity and integrated RF selectivity to improve robustness to interferers. Optimal selectivity in receiver and band flatness in transmitter are achieved by on-chip calibration of each band. The packaged device achieves an overall noise figure of 4.7 dB, an IIP3 of -0.8 dBm, a TX P1 dB of 3.1 dBm, and an error vector magnitude (EVM) of -27.2 dB for 480 Mb/s. The transmit output spectrum is fully compliant with FCC mask for UWB without any external bandpass filter     

Pulse antenna permutation and pulse antenna modulation: two novel diversity schemes for achieving very high data-rates with unipolar MIMO-UWB communications

In this paper, we consider the problem of applying the Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques on Impulse-Radio Time-Hopping Ultra-Wideband (IR-TH-UWB) communications. In particular, we propose two novel Space-Time (ST) block codes that are suitable for UWB. The proposed encoded MIMO-UWB schemes present the main advantage of conveying the information only through the positions of the very short unipolar UWB pulses. The constraint of unipolar transmissions keeps the transceiver structures very simple since it imposes no additional constraints on the RF circuitry to control the amplitudes or the phases of the sub-nanosecond UWB pulses. Consider the case where the transmitter is equipped with P antennas and where M PPM modulation positions are available. The first proposed scheme achieves a full transmit diversity order for M ges P while transmitting at the rate of log₂(M) bits Per Channel Use (PCU). The second scheme is fully diverse with any number of antennas and transmits at a rate of M log₂(P)/P bits PCU. The proposed codes permit to achieve different levels of compromise between complexity and performance since scheme 1 necessitates M-dimensional Maximum-Likelihood (ML) decoding while scheme 2 necessitates MP-dimensional decoding. We also present a comprehensive analysis on the enhancement in terms of the data rate achieved at a certain communication distance based on realistic indoor channel models and on an exact system model that takes inter-pulse-interference and intersymbol- interference into consideration.     

Simple-structure integrated coherent transceiver with novelcounter-receiving heterodyne detection scheme

A novel counter-receiving heterodyne detection (CRHD) scheme for a four-section integrated coherent transceiver for access networks is proposed. Error free detection at 100 Mbit/s is achieved with the CRHD scheme. This scheme leads to the relaxation of the design requirements of integrated coherent transceivers and facilitates duplex transmissions with coherent transceivers. A novel full-duplex transmission approach is also proposed and experimentally demonstrated     

基于MMSE的MIMO-UWB系统抗干扰性能分析

为提高系统空间分集和误码率性能,在UWB系统中引入多天线技术和编码技术,MIMO与UWB系统的结合,大大提高了UWB系统抗干扰性。在STF编码的基础上,对MIMO-UWB系统的发射和接收进行了简要介绍。针对传统的ML译码复杂度较高的问题,提出了一种简单的解码方案(MMSE),理论分析表明,新算法进一步降低了系统的复杂度。在2种不同译码算法的基础上,对MIMO-UWB系统误码率性能进行了仿真。     

Cooperative Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband Communication Using Coherent and Non-Coherent Detectors: A Review

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a booming technology in the field of wireless communication. This paper presents a brief idea related to the various coherent and non-coherent IR-UWB detectors. Due to the limitation in transmit power spectral density of UWB system, the major challenges faced by UWB system includes, achieving Quality of Service, system performance and coverage area. So, the combination of UWB system with cooperative communication will not only improve the system performance, but also help in expanding coverage area of signals. A brief review of the work done by various researchers in the field of cooperative impulse radio (IR) UWB communication is also presented in this paper. The working principle and performance analysis of the various coherent and non-coherent IR-UWB detectors using cooperative relay strategies are also discussed at large in this paper. The various fixed cooperative relay strategies used for cooperative UWB communication is Amplify and Forward, Decode and Forward and Detect and Forward. From the simulation results it can be inferred that, even though IR-UWB DTR receiver gives a much better BER performance than IR-UWB ED receiver using both cooperative and non-cooperative strategies, yet ED receiver is preferred because of its less complexity and low power consumption. Future prospects in the field of cooperative IR-UWB communication have also been discussed in this paper.     

空时分组码在自适应无线通信系统中的性能分析

给出了自适应调制编码（AMC）的MIMO系统模型,分析了一种MIMO系统中自适应编码调制的方法,推导出系统的平均吞吐量和平均误码率,同时分析了时延对系统性能的影响。仿真结果表明,与SISO系统相比,联合正交空时分组码（O-STBC）的多天线自适应技术不仅提高了系统的平均吞吐量,而且对系统时延具有一定的顽健性。     

Implementable wireless access for B3G networks. I. MIMO mimo channel measurement, analysis, and modeling [Topics in Radio Communications]

Within Mobile VCE, a team of several leading U.K. universities, in dose association with major manufacturers and international telecom operators from the mobile industry, have been addressing the challenging task of designing transceiver structures for beyond 3G networks. Innovative approaches led to a plethora of cross-layer optimized technologies of low complexity and high robustness, allowing for the much promised multimedia-centric services over future wireless networks. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the research conducted within Mobile VCE's Core Wireless Access Research Programme, a key focus of which has naturally been on MIMO transceivers. The series of articles offers a coherent view of how the work was structured and comprises a compilation of material that has been presented in detail elsewhere (see references within the article). In this article, the first of four, MIMO channel measurements, analysis, and modeling are presented, which were then utilized to develop compact and distributed antenna arrays. Parallel activities led to research into low-complexity MIMO single-user space-time coding techniques, as well as SISO and MIMO multi-user CDMA-based transceivers for B3G systems. As well as feeding into the industry's in-house research program, significant extensions of this work are now in hand, within Mobile VCE's own core activity, aimed at securing major improvements in delivery efficiency in future wireless systems through cross-layer operation     

A turbo-coded burst-by-burst adaptive wide-band speech transceiver

Turbo-coded burst-by-burst adaptive orthogonal frequency division multiplex (AOFDM) wide-band speech transceivers are proposed. A constant throughput adaptive OFDM transceiver was designed and benchmarked against a time-variant rate scheme. The proposed joint adaptation of source-codec, channel-codec, and modulation regime results in attractive, robust, high-quality audio systems, capable of conveying near-unimpaired wide-band audio signals over fading dispersive channels for signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) in excess of about 5 dB     

ISI-free FIR filterbank transceivers for frequency-selectivechannels

Discrete multitone modulation transceivers (DMTs) have been shown to be very useful for data transmission over frequency-selective channels. The DMT scheme is realized by a transceiver that divides the channel into subbands. The efficiency of the scheme depends on the frequency selectivity of the transmitting and receiving filters. The receiving filters with good stopband attenuation are also desired for combating narrowband noise. The filterbank transceiver or discrete wavelet multitone (DWMT) system has been proposed as an implementation of the DMT transceiver that has better frequency band separation, but usually, intersymbol interference (ISI) cannot be completely cancelled in these filterbank transceivers, and additional equalization is required. We show how to use over interpolated filterbanks to design ISI-free FIR transceivers. A finite impulse response (FIR) transceiver with good frequency selectivity can be designed, as demonstrated by the design examples     

Design of novel compact eight-element lotus shaped UWB-MIMO antenna with triple-notch characteristics on hollow substrate

The design of novel compact two-element and eight-element lotus shaped multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system employing pattern diversity with enhanced isolation characteristics is presented. The proposed two-element antenna system is arranged rotationally on a square-hollow substrate resulting in an eight-element MIMO antenna system employing pattern diversity. The developed eight-element MIMO antenna system resonates in the frequency range 3.1 to 14.6 GHz housing the complete UWB band with triple band-notch characteristics at 3.7–4.5 GHz (C-band satellite down link [3.7–4.2 GHz]), 5.1–5.9 GHz (WLAN) and 6.8–8.25 GHz (X-band satellite down link (7.25–7.75 GHz) and up link (7.9–8.4 GHz)) bands. The antenna system gives element-to-element isolation of more than 25 dB in the majority of the operating band with a peak gain of 6.8 dBi and a maximum 90% efficiency. The important MIMO metrics like ECC (envelope correlation coefficient), DG (diversity gain), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), channel capacity losses (CCL) and MEG (mean effective gain) are presented for both two-element and eight-element to estimate the performance the proposed antennas in multi-antenna environments. The both two- and eight-element designs are fabricated and the measured results of those are well agreed with simulation results.     

Convex primal decomposition for multicarrier linear MIMO transceivers

The design of linear transceivers for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems with channel state information is particularly challenging for two main reasons. First, since several substreams are established through the MIMO channel, it is not even clear how the quality of the system should be measured. Second, once a cost function has been chosen to measure the quality, the optimization of the system according to such criterion is generally difficult due to the nonconvexity of the problem. Recent results have solved the problem for the wide family of Schur-concave/convex functions, resulting in simple closed-form solutions when the system is modeled as a single MIMO channel. However, with several MIMO channels (such as in multi-antenna multicarrier systems), the solution is generally more involved, leading in some cases to the need to employ general-purpose interior-point methods. This problem is specifically addressed in this paper by combining the closed-form solutions for single MIMO channels with a primal decomposition approach, resulting in a simple and efficient method for multiple MIMO channels. The extension to functions that are not Schur-concave/convex is also briefly considered, relating the present work with a recently proposed method to minimize the average bit error rate (BER) of the system.     

Generalized decorrelating discrete-time rake receiver

In this paper, we introduce the generalized decorrelating discrete-time RAKE receiver (GD-DTR) for single antenna systems and extend it to multi-antenna (e.g. MIMO) systems. The GD-DTR benefits from the correlated nature of multiple access interference while being robust against channel estimation errors. It is a combination of two other advanced RAKE reception methods namely, the discrete-time version of the generalized RAKE (G-RAKE) receiver and the decorrelating discrete-time RAKE receiver (D-DTR). The G-RAKE was proposed for correlated interference mitigation. The D-DTR improves performance in the presence of channel estimation errors in diffuse channels. Our results show that the performance of the discrete-time G-RAKE (G-DTR) could be worse than a conventional discrete-time RAKE receiver (C-DTR) when there are channel estimation errors in the system. Unlike G-DTR, our proposed GD-DTR provides gains up to 0.7 dB at a raw bit error rate of 10^-2 in the presence of channel estimation errors compared to C-DTR. For the MIMO case, the gain of the MIMO GD-DTR compared to MIMO C-DTR are 1 dB and 1.1 dB at a raw bit error rate of 10^-2 in 2 transmit 2 receive antenna (2times2) and 3times3 systems respectively, if there is no correlation between the antennas. For a highly correlated receive antenna case, the gain increases to 4 dB.     

用于超宽带高分辨率成像的二维稀疏MIMO面阵拓扑结构研究

分析并总结了超宽带二维多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO)面阵拓扑结构设计的两条原则——等效孔径的均匀性与无明显遮蔽性, 并根据这两条原则提出了一种用于超宽带近距离高分辨率成像的新型面阵拓扑结构.与尺寸、阵元数相同的MIMO面阵相比, 该新型面阵结构在仿真获取的方向图中具有更好的聚焦效果和旁瓣抑制能力.并且, 不同距离下的聚焦结果显示, 该面阵的峰值旁瓣水平均要低于另两个阵列2 dB以上.对复杂目标成像的实验结果进一步证明了该阵列良好的成像性能.结合其等效阵元数量较少的特点, 文中提出的这种新型MIMO面阵拓扑结构为高效、实时的超宽带近距离高分辨率成像应用提供了可能.     

A Fuzzy MOE Receiver for Uplink MC-CDMA Systems with Carrier Frequency Offset over Multipath Fading Channels

A novel fuzzy minimum output energy (MOE) detector is proposed for uplink multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA) systems with carrier frequency offset (CFO) over multipath fading channels. The proposed receiver involves the following stages. First, the fuzzy CFO constrained MOE detector after coarse CFO estimation is proposed to suppress multiple access interference and combat the degradation problem of the conventional MOE detector caused by the CFO effect. Next, using the signal subspace projection technique, the proposed detector can further reduce the enhanced noise due to the fuzzy CFO constrained detector. Finally, the output data obtained from these detectors are coherently combined to offer multipath diversity gain in accordance with the maximum ratio combining criterion. Furthermore, the proposed single input single output (SISO) robust detector can be easily extended for a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) MC-CDMA system with a high rate of performance. Simulation results show that the proposed SISO detector, which offers a similar performance as the optimal detector, can provide robustness against CFO and outperform the conventional detectors. The proposed MIMO detector with spatial multiplexing gain also exhibits excellent performance.     

Bi-directional UWB MIMO Antenna for Superior Spatial Diversity,and/or Multiplexing MIMO Performance

In this paper, a two-element UWB MIMO antenna with bi-directional radiation pattern is designed for superior UWB MIMO performance. The designed antenna adopts asymmetric coplanar waveguide ground feeding. The proposed antenna ECC is lower than the ECC of its omni-directional peer antenna. Simulated and measured ECC is lower than 0.016 over the entire ultra-wide bandwidth (3.1–10.6 GHz). The isolation between elements of the designed antenna is 20–25 dB exceeding the average in recently published works. The designed antenna has a diversity gain of almost 10 dB and average multiplexing efficiency of 85% over the entire ultra-wide bandwidth. The antenna preserves radiation efficiency higher than 0.96 and gain 3 dB. The diversity performance of the proposed UWB MIMO antenna is proven through real rich-multipath indoor environment measurements. Stationarity of the elected channel is evaluated through 100 successive measurements separated by a 3-min period for 5 h long. The measured spatial correlation coefficients are much lower than 0.5 in different scenarios.     

A link adaptation scheme optimized for wireless JPEG 2000 transmission over realistic MIMO systems

This paper proposes a Joint Source Channel Coding solution optimized for a wireless JPEG 2000 (JPWL ISO/IEC 15444-11) image transmission scheme over a MIMO channel. To ensure robustness of the transmission, channel diversity is exploited with a Closed-Loop MIMO-OFDM scheme. This relies on the Channel State Information (CSI) knowledge on the transmitter side, which allows the MIMO channel to be decomposed into several hierarchical SISO subchannels. In the proposed scheme, the JPWL codestream is divided into hierarchical quality layer passing through the SISO subchannels. With the CSI, a global and optimal method for adjusting all the system parameters of each SISO subchannel is provided. Accordingly, adaptive modulation, Unequal Error Protection (UEP), Unequal Power Allocation (UPA) and source coding rate is provided for each quality layers. The major strength of this work is to provide an optimal method that parameterizes several variables. These have an effect on the rate-distortion trade-off under bitrate, Quality of Service (QoS) and power constraints. Finally, the proposed work allows flexible and reactive coding of a JPWL codestream adapted to the instantaneous channel status. The performance of this technique is evaluated over a realistic time-varying MIMO channel provided by a 3D-ray tracing propagation model. A significant improvement in the quality of the image is demonstrated.     

一种小型化的高隔离度UWB-MIMO天线

提出了一种紧凑、高性能、形状新颖的具有高隔离度的超宽带多输入多输出(ultra-wideband multiple-input multiple-output, UWB-MIMO)天线.天线由两个圆形辐射元件组成,享有共同的类F形接地平面,尺寸为30 mm×18 mm.在天线的接地平面中引入类F形短截线,在MIMO天线元件之间产生高度隔离.所设计的UWB-MIMO天线具有极低耦合(S₂₁<-22 dB)、低包络相关系数(ECC<0.003)、高分集增益(DG>9.98 dB),适用于便携式通信设备.