Ca2+ 印迹交联改性壳聚糖的制备及对Cd2+ 的吸附

采用Ca~(2+)印迹保护氨基、戊二醛交联、冻干法造孔、CS2化学改性,制得了Ca~(2+)印迹交联改性壳聚糖(CK)。并用FTIR、XRD和BET对吸附剂的结构进行了表征,通过静态吸附实验考察了其对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能及机理。结果表明:Ca~(2+)保护了氨基;戊二醛与壳聚糖(CS)发生了交联,改善了CS的酸溶性,pH=2时仍可使用;冻干法可使微孔比表面积增大至272.82 m2/g,孔体积增大至0.44 cm3/g;经CS2化学改性,成功引入了C=S基团,提高了CK对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能,平衡吸附量可达49.43 mg/g,比CS的吸附量提高了57.7%。CK对Cd~(2+)的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,反应速率常数可达25 g/(g·min);CK对Cd~(2+)的吸附过程符合Freundlich吸附等温式,n值可达4.45;Dubinin Radushkevich模型分析表明:CK吸附Cd~(2+)的平均吸附能为2 236 kJ/mol,是化学吸附;选择性识别实验结果表明:CK对Cd~(2+)具有选择吸附性,除Ca~(2+)外,相对选择性系数均大于3.54。     

黄腐酸基Cd~(2+)离子印迹聚合物的吸附性能测试

以改性黄腐酸为功能单体,反相悬浮聚合法制备了Cd~(2+)离子印迹聚合物,并研究其吸附性能。动力学模型表明,黄腐酸基Cd~(2+)离子印迹聚合物对Cd~(2+)的吸附符合准二级动力学吸附模型,相关系数达到0.9977;热力学研究发现,黄腐酸基Cd~(2+)离子印迹聚合物吸附重金属离子的形式为单分子层表面吸附,与Langmuir等温吸附模型相符;竞争吸附实验显示,竞争离子Pb~(2+)、Cr~(3+)存在时,Cd~(2+)/Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)/Cr~(3+)的相对选择性系数分别为4.32、13.47,说明MFA-IIP对模板离子拥有较强的选择识别性能,竞争离子化合价不同,选择识别性更加显著。     

胺化羧甲基改性磁性壳聚糖的制备及吸附性能研究

采用交联法制备了磁性壳聚糖,并在此基础上使用柠檬酸及二乙烯三胺对其进行化学改性,得到了磁性能良好、颗粒分布均匀、平均孔径为4.37 nm的胺化羧甲基改性磁性壳聚糖。将其用于模拟废水中进行静态吸附实验。结果表明,改性后的磁性壳聚糖在保证机械强度与回收率的基础上,提高了磁性壳聚糖的吸附性能,在最适pH=6的条件下,对Cu~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Ni~(2+)的吸附容量分别达到76.82、54.15、62.64 mg/g。     

玉米芯改性前后对水中重金属去除的研究

以玉米芯为吸附剂,经氢氧化钠(NaOH)和硫酸(H_2SO_4)改性得到改性吸附剂,研究改性吸附剂对镉、铬、铅吸附性能的影响。实验研究了吸附时间和吸附初始浓度对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,改性玉米芯吸附剂对Cd~(2+)、Cr~(3+)、Pb~(2+)三种重金属离子的吸附能力都增强,且对Pb~(2+)的吸附效果最好,其吸附顺序为Pb~(2+)Cr~(3+)Cd~(2+);在初始质量浓度为400 mg/L时,酸改性的玉米芯对Cd~(2+)、Cr~(3+)、Pb~(2+)吸附容量为15、26、37 mg/g,而碱改性的玉米芯对Cd~(2+)、Cr~(3+)、Pb~(2+)吸附容量分别为17、29、59 mg/g。相对酸改性,碱改性的吸附剂对Cd~(2+)、Cr~(3+)、Pb~(2+)吸附量提高了14.54%、11.22%、57.86%。     

菌丝体表面分子印迹吸附剂的选择性吸附

采用制备得到的菌丝体表面分子印迹吸附剂;系统研究了菌丝体表面分子印迹吸附剂对模板金属离子的吸附选择性。结果表明：与非印迹吸附剂相比;以Ni+为模板制备的菌丝体表面分子印迹吸附剂;对Ni+、Cu+与Cr3+的吸附速率和吸附容量都有较大幅度的提高。对于含有Ni+的金属离子混合溶液;菌丝体表面分子印迹吸附剂对Ni+的吸附容量和选择性都比另一种金属离子（如Cr3+和Cu+）明显提高;与非印迹吸附剂相比;印迹吸附剂对非模板金属离子Cr3+和Cu+的选择性明显降低。     

模板法交联壳聚糖的制备及其吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的研究

以丙烯酸改性壳聚糖为研究对象,采用离子印迹法制备了镉模板交联壳聚糖吸附剂(PACS),改变壳聚糖与丙烯酸的质量比探究其吸附效果,对产物进行扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱表征,并研究了该吸附剂对Cd2+的吸附效果。实验结果表明,当丙烯酸与壳聚糖的质量比为1.5∶1时制得的吸附剂最好,溶液吸附最佳pH为5,其最大吸附量可达132.1 mg/g。该吸附剂能再生,可用于含Cd2+废水的去除或富集。     

Cu~(2+)印迹交联壳聚糖微球制备及其对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附研究

研究利用离子印迹技术,以壳聚糖为基材、环氧氯丙烷为交联剂制得Cu~(2+)印迹交联壳聚糖树脂微球,并用于水中Cu~(2+)的吸附。结果表明,正交实验确定优化的制备条件:壳聚糖质量分数4%、Cu~(2+)印迹量500 mg/L、交联剂1m L。单因素实验确定的吸附条件:p H为5.0、温度25℃时,此时吸附容量可达到95.0 mg/g,显示良好的Cu~(2+)吸附能力。对Cu~(2+)的吸附过程符合准2级吸附动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型,以表面反应过程控制的化学吸附为主,为放热、自发过程;当Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)分别与Cu~(2+)共存时,印迹微球对Cu~(2+)的选择吸附系数最大,达到28.7以上,离子选择性极高;经过5次循环实验后,对Cu~(2+)的吸附率仍达到96.8%,材料的重复利用性和稳定性好。     

壳聚糖交联沸石对尾矿废水的Mn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)吸附特性研究

利用壳聚糖交联沸石吸附尾矿废水中Mn~(2+)、Cd~(2+),通过考察吸附剂处方配比、吸附剂用量、溶液pH值与吸附时间对两种重金属离子的去除率影响,表明7.0g·L~(-1)用量下的壳聚糖交联沸石(m_(壳聚糖):m_(沸石)=0.20)吸附pH值为5.0~6.0的100mg·L~(-1)的Mn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)溶液4h达到平衡。该吸附过程符合Langmiur等温吸附特征,尾矿废水样品经壳聚糖交联沸石吸附后,溶液中Mn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)残留量均符合国家排放标准,因此,可为相关行业环境治理提供参考。     

金属离子印迹改性壳聚糖对水中Ni2+的去除研究

利用金属Ni2+印迹法,通过交联和胺化反应自制Ni2+印迹改性壳聚糖吸附剂小球(P-C-CTS(Ni)),通过比较中间产品的含水率、吸附容量及FT-IR谱,分析壳聚糖在改性过程中的反应机理,验证吸附剂P-C-CTS( Ni)合成路线的正确性,并证明交联前对壳聚糖分子中的活性氨基进行保护的必要性.低浓度Ni2+(CNi=0.852 mmol·L-1)条件,考察不同酸度下吸附容量的变化和酸度对水中低浓度Ni2+去除率的影响规律.结果表明,酸度对P-C-CTS(Ni)去除重金属Ni2+效率的影响显著,酸度对Ni2+去除率的影响规律与对吸附容量的影响基本一致,并对吸附机理进行深入分析.P-C-CTS(Ni)在经过“吸附-脱附-再生”8次循环,颜色与外观等基本不变,重复使用性能稳定.     

胺化改性吸附剂对镉离子吸附和脱附再生行为研究

文章研究了胺化改性微球吸附剂对重金属镉离子(Cd2+)的吸附和脱附再生行为。实验结果表明,pH、温度和离子强度的增加有利于Cd2+吸附量的提高;胺化改性微球对Cd2+的脱附速率非常快,10 min时脱附效率即可达到77.3%;四次重复使用实验表明胺化改性微球对Cd2+的脱附效率维持在80%以上,吸附量(0.71 mmol/g)并未有显著改变。     

Preparation of a surface molecular‐imprinted adsorbent for Ni2+ based on Penicillium chrysogenum

A new chitosan molecular‐imprinted adsorbent was prepared from the mycelium of waste biomass. The results showed that an adsorbent using Penicillium chrysogenum mycelium as the core material was better than one derived from peanut coat. The adsorption capacity of the surface‐imprinted adsorbent for Ni²⁺ was enhanced by increasing the chitosan concentration in the imprinting process. Epichlorohydrin was better than glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking agent; the optimal imprinted Ni²⁺ concentration for preparing the surface‐imprinted adsorbent was 2 mg (Ni²⁺) g^?1 of mycelium. The adsorption capacity of the surface‐imprinted adsorbent was 42 mg g^?1 (at 200 mg dm^?3 initial metal ions concentration) and twice that of the mycelium adsorbent. The surface‐imprinted adsorbent can be reused for up to 15 cycles without loss of adsorption capacity. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Adsorption behaviors of the aminated chitosan adsorbent

Using inverse suspension technology, a novel aminated chitosan adsorbent with higher adsorption ability for metal cations and metal anions was prepared. Through cross-linking amination reaction, the content of amidocyanogen of aminated chitosan adsorbent was enhanced four times than that of chitosan cross-linked adsorbent. As can be seen from the results, the adsorption ability of the novel aminated chitosan adsorbent for (Nicit)⁻ and Cr(VI) was enhanced remarkably. When the initial concentration of metallic ion was 1,000 mg/L, the adsorption capacity of the novel aminated chitosan adsorbent for nickel citrate and Cr(VI) was up to 30.2 mg/g and 28.7 mg/g, respectively. And the adsorption capacity of the novel aminated chitosan adsorbent for Ni²⁺ was still higher. So the new aminated chitosan adsorbent offers not only a higher uptake for metal cations but also a better adsorption capacity for metal anions.     

Selective Separation of Thorium Using Ion Imprinted Chitosan‐Phthalate Particles via Solid Phase Extraction

Abstract

We have studied a new method for the preparation of Th(IV)‐imprinted chitosan‐phthalate particles, which can considerably enhance the adsorption capacity and selectivity of thorium ions. In this study, chitosan‐phthalate was used as the complexing monomer, Th(IV) as template, epichlorohydrin as crosslinking agent. Initially, chitosan was modified with phthalic anhydrides and complex formation occured between carboxylic acid functional groups and Th(IV) ions. Secondly, particles were crosslinked with epichlorohydrin. After the removal of Th(IV) ions, thorium solid phase extraction (SPE) on the Th(IV) ion‐imprinted particles from aqueous solutions containing their different amounts, selectivity study of thorium versus other interfering metal ions mixture which are Fe³⁺, La³⁺, and Mn²⁺ and distribution and selectivity coefficients were reported here. A comparison of the selectivity coefficient of Th(IV)‐imprinted chitosan‐phthalate particles with the selectivity coefficient of non‐imprinted polymers showed that the imprinted matrix for Th(IV)/Fe(III), Th(IV)/La(III) and Th(IV)/Mn(II) was 8.35, 8.75 and 10.81 times greater than non‐imprinted matrix, respectively.     

Synthesis,adsorption and selectivity of inverse emulsion Cd(Ⅱ) imprinted polymers

Inverse emulsion polymerization was employed to synthesize inverse emulsion Cd(II) imprinted polymers(IEII P). The morphology and functional groups of IEIIP were characterized by SEM,FTIR and TG. Static adsorption experiments and competitive adsorption test were used to evaluate the adsorption ability of IEIIP. The adsorption capacity of polymers could reach 86.7 mg·g~(-1) under the optimal adsorption conditions. The pseudo second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model could be used to analyze the experimental data well. The adsorption process of IEIIP was chemical adsorption process and monomolecular type. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and could occur spontaneously. The selectivity coefficients k of Cd~(2+)/Pb~(2+), Cd~(2+)/Zn~(2+) and Cd~(2+)/Cu~(2+) were 2.4998, 1.2437 and 4.6882, respectively. The proposed method provides a new thought for removing Cd(II) in water samples.     

新型菌丝体包覆吸附剂的制备及对Ni2+离子吸附性能的研究

以菌丝体为核心材料 ,在其表面包覆壳聚糖膜作为吸附介质 ,制备成新型菌丝体包覆吸附剂。系统研究了菌丝体包覆吸附剂的制备工艺及吸附剂对Ni2 + 的吸附特性 ,结果表明 ,菌丝体作核心材料优于花生壳 ,菌丝体包覆吸附剂对Ni2 + 的吸附容量比普通菌丝体水处理剂提高了 50 % ,并可以重复使用 1 0次 ,吸附容量没有明显降低 ;同时菌丝体包覆吸附剂对Ni2 + 的吸附特性较好地符合Langmuir等温方程和Freundlich等温方程     

颗粒赤泥吸附剂对重金属离子的吸附性能研究

以氧化铝生产产生的工业固废——赤泥为原料,采用生石灰熟化后煅烧造粒方法,制备了颗粒状赤泥吸附材料。将制得的吸附材料用于水体中Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+的去除。研究了吸附时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂投加量对吸附效果的影响,在吸附作用时间、pH值、投加量相同的情况下,颗粒赤泥对3种金属离子的去除效果的大小顺序为Pb2+、Cd2+、Cu2+。颗粒赤泥吸附材料对3种金属离子的等温吸附规律可分别用Langmuir等温式、Langmuir等温式和Freundlich等温式较好地进行描述。颗粒赤泥吸附剂对3种重金属离子吸附饱和容量大,达平衡时间短,具较好的吸附性能。     

交联壳聚糖树脂的制备及对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附研究

以壳聚糖为原料,通过反相悬浮交联法制备交联壳聚糖树脂,将其用于吸附Cr（Ⅵ）,考察了吸附时间、溶液pH、树脂用量、Cr（Ⅵ）的初始浓度和介质等因素对吸附的影响。实验结果表明,吸附平衡时间为20 min,最佳吸附pH为6.0,最佳用量为10 mg,Cr（Ⅵ）起始浓度为6 mg/mL,介质对吸附的影响大小顺序：Cu2＋〉Na＋。重复使用3次,再生性能好。